The method of reorganizing public facilities based on maintenance costs for location optimization plan (integrating compact city research in Yubari City, Hokkaido)

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The method of reorganizing public facilities based on maintenance costs for location optimization plan (integrating compact city research in Yubari City, Hokkaido)

Shota Ueki, Tsuyoshi Setoguchi

Sapporo, Japan

Abstract

It is necessary to consider the Integrating compact city in order to reduce the city which expanded to the appropriate population size in Japan where the population decrease is progressing at present. In addition, it is difficult to secure financial resources for maintenance and management costs of public facilities in local cities due to a decrease in tax revenues. Therefore, it is important to consider the reorganization of public facilities when considering an integrating compact city. In 2014, the Location Optimization plan was institutionalized, and the restructuring of public facilities began to have a great influence on the guidance of urban functions.

The purpose of this study is to consider a method of reorganizing public facilities based on maintenance costs for a site optimization plan for Yubari City, which is promoting Integrating compact city.

Keywords: declining Population, Location Optimization Plan, Compact City, Reorganization of Public Facility, Urban Reorganization

Абстракт

Узки Сета, Сетогути Тсуеси

Университет Хоккайдо, Саппоро, Япония

МЕТОД РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ С ПОМОЩЬЮ СРЕДСТВ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ НА ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЮ, ДЛЯ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ИХ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ (НА ОСНОВЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ “КОМПАКТНЫХ ГОРОДОВ” В ГОРОДЕ ЮБАРИ, ХОККАЙДО)

Необходимо рассмотреть концепцию “компактного города”, для того чтобы уменьшить слишком разросшиеся города Японии, где численность населения в настоящее время сокращается. Кроме того, из-за уменьшения налоговых поступлений, становится трудно обеспечивать финансирование служб коммунального хозяйства в местных городах. Вот почему важно рассматривать реорганизацию общественных объектов при формировании компактных городов. В 2014 году Планы Оптимизации Размещения общественных объектов были узаконены, и тогда реструктуризация общественных объектов стала оказывать большое влияние на управление функциями городов.

Целью данного исследования является изучение метода реорганизации общественных объектов в рамках средств, выделенных на эксплуатационные расходы, для плана реорганизации местности города Юбари, способствующего формированию компактного города.

Ключевые слова: сокращение населения, план оптимизации местоположения, компактный город, реорганизация государственного объекта, реорганизация городской среды.

Introduction

In the future, many public facilities will be renewed in Japan, and huge renewal costs will be required in addition to maintenance costs. On the other hand, in local cities where the population is declining and the birthrate is aging, it is difficult to secure sufficient financial resources due to a decrease in tax revenues. Therefore, reorganization of public facilities is one of the important factors when considering the formation of an integrating compact city. In 2014, the Location optimization plan was institutionalized, and the reorganization of public facilities has a great influence on inducing urban functions.¹ However, there are no studies that have clarified a practical and quantitative method of restructuring public facilities in order to be appropriate. From the above, this paper aims at studying the reorganization method of public facilities based on the maintenance and management costs for Yubari City, which promotes an integrating compact city.

1. Method of this study

First, Extract analysis items and evaluation items in the reorganization of public facilities for a location optimization plan. Then Organize the basic data of public facilities in Yubari city to grasp the situation of the facilities. Then Create a flowchart using the analysis items and derive the policy of the facilities. Then Based on the derived policy and based on the evaluation items, calculate the maintenance cost of public facilities and show the effect of facility reorganization. Finally, consider a series of methods.

Fig 1 Method of this study

2. Extract analysis items and evaluation items

Yubari City is currently engaged in several public facilities projects, and has grasped the current status of those projects. In addition, precautions for formulating a location optimization plan were organized. From these two and previous papers, three analysis items and one evaluation item were extracted. The service coverage is the service of the facility that covers the entire city or only the district. The building aging is the number of years that have passed if the useful life is assumed to be 60 years. The earth and sand disaster warning area is whether the facility is built within the earth and sand disaster warning area. Reducing the financial burden calculates the maintenance cost of the facility over 60 years.

Fig 2 Analysis items and Evaluation items

3. Derivation of public facilities policy

First, administrative hearings were conducted to classify facilities for which the policy was determined and those for which the policy was not determined. After that, a flowchart was created from the three analysis items to derive the latter policy. The following four Yubari city structures were used when creating the flowchart.

Fig 3 Urban Structure

First, the common feature of the four urban structures is that Shimizusawa is a city core. However, only urban structure C is Shimizusawa and Momijiyama. As for the degree of aggregation, the urban structure A is the loosest, followed by C, and the hardest is B. Urban structures A and В are proposed by overlaying and ranking data on the future population, building aging, and earth and sand disaster warning areas in Yubari City. The urban structure C is a modification of the urban structure В based on the opinions obtained from interviews with the residents. Based on the urban structure in the future, we have created a flowchart to determine the facility policy from the three analysis items.

Fig 4 A flow chart

There are four policies. The maintain and update means that major renovation is performed once every 30 years, and rebuilding is performed once every 60 years. Temporary maintenance means that facilities will be maintained until 2040 and then consolidated. Aggregation outside or inside the district means that facilities will be maintained until 2030 and then aggregate. At that time, if there are facilities with similar functions at the aggregation destination, it is assumed that only the functions are aggregated. Based on this flowchart, facility policies for each of the four urban structures of all public facilities were derived.

Fig.5 Location of public facilities in 2040 based on policy results

4. Reorganizing effect of public facilities

Based on the result of the facility policy derived in the previous chapter, the maintenance cost was calculated based on the evaluation items. Based on the existing literature and the facility renewal calculation software, the five items required to calculate the facility maintenance costs required for the next 60 years were arranged. public japan city

Fig 6 Cost items used for calculation

The calculation results are as follows. The table above shows the calculation results of the maintenance and management costs for each type of public facilities and the total, and the graph below is easy to understand. Maintenance! and Maintenance! are the maintenance costs assuming that all facilities are maintained. Maintenance! will renovate the facility once every 30 years and rebuild it once every 60 years. Maintenance! will maintain the facility with only major renovation once every 30 years without rebuilding according to the actual situation of Yubari city where tax revenue is low. On the other hand, the lower four are the maintenance costs of the facilities of the master plan, urban structure A, urban structure B, and urban structure C in order from the top.

Facilities that have a clear maintenance policy are grouped together as "maintenance facilities" because there is no difference in maintenance costs for 60 years for each pattem(excluding Maintenance!). Schools, firefighting facilities, doctors' houses, other administrative facilities, incidental facilities, crematoriums, public toilets, garbage disposal facilities, sewerage facilities, elderly welfare facilities, purification centers, and museums correspond to these.

Fig 7.1 Maintenance costs for each facility category

Fig 7.2 Maintenance costs for each facility category

The following three points were clarified as the effects of public facility reorganization.

1. In the case of reorganizing facilities (Master Plan, Urban structureA, Urban structureB, Urban structureC ), the maintenance and management costs of up to 9,921 million yen can be reduced over 60 years compared to the case of not reorganizing facilities (Maintenancel, Maintenance!).

2. When reorganizing facilities (Master Plan, Urban structureA, Urban structures, Urban structureC), the facilities with the most noticeable difference in maintenance and management costs for each of the four urban structures are assembly facilities. This is because there are many facilities to be consolidated because the gathering facilities are located in each district. The maintenance and management costs were calculated assuming that the facilities designated as Shelter out of the assembly facilities that had been consolidated were maintained and renewed.

3. The government building located in Honcho will be rebuilt 19 years later. However, relocation outside the area after 5 years can reduce the maintenance cost of 53 million yen over 60 years. In consideration of the decrease in the number of staff members since the beginning of construction, the total floor area of the new government building was reduced by 65% from the current government building, and the cost was calculated.

Conclusion

In this paper, we clarified the reorganizing effect of public facilities and the method to a Loction Optimization Plan based on the maintenance cost.

1. By calculating the maintenance cost of public facilities based on the future urban structure, the effectiveness of public facility reorganization was demonstrated. This can be an important source of judgment when making a Location Optimization Plan.

2. In Yubari City, the effect of the reorganization was remarkable because the assembly facilities were located in each district and the number of facilities was large.

3. When planning the restructuring of public facilities in a local city, especially in a city where the urban area is widespread and each district is dispersed, by examining the restructuring effects based on the method considered in this study.

4. However, it is thought that there will be a clear difference in maintenance costs for each urban structure. On the other hand, in Yubari City, there are many facilities that have already been consolidated (elementary and junior high schools, etc.), and facilities for which the maintenance policy of the city has been decided, and there is no significant difference in maintenance costs for each urban structure in the future. In the future, it is necessary to clarify the effect of public facilities reorganization using the method studied in this study and to improve the accuracy of the method in other local cities.

Bibliographic references

1. Yubari City Town Planning Master Plan / Yubari City 2012

2. Yubari city regional population vision and regional comprehensive strategy / Yubari City 2017

3. Yubari city planning basic investigation / Yubari City

4. Yubari city General management plan for public facilities / Yubari City 2017

5. The Effect and Planning Theories of Facility Management on Integrated Compact Cities/Kitahara Kai 2017

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