Chinese residential buildings

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Chinese residential buildings

Chai Xiaoyan, Panchuc N.N.

Abstract

This article discusses the current status and problems of residential building design in China and the development direction of contemporary residential building design. Including green eco-residential, residential design, functional using, apartment layout of the diversified, completed supporting facilities, as well as the increase of living comfort. The article also covers the design of high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are becoming more and more popular in China. This article also discusses the site selection and planning of high-rise buildings, energy saving, lighting, ventilation, insulation and so on.

Keywords: residential building design; development direction; green ecological housing; apartment layout; practical functions; high-rise buildings; energy efficiency.

Абстракт

ЦУС, г. Чанчунь, Китай; ТОГУ, г. Хабаровск, Россия

КИТАЙСКИЕ ЖИЛЫЕ ЗДАНИЯ

Ключевые слова: проектирование жилого здания; направление развития; зеленое экологическое жилье; расположение квартиры; практические функции; высотных зданий; энергоэффективность.

1. The status of residential building design and problems

The construction industry can be divided into "narrow construction" and "general construction". The narrow construction mainly includes the production activities of products, while the broad construction industry covers both the production of construction products and construction-related all services include the planning, survey, design, production, construction and installation of construction materials and finished products and semi-finished products, the operation, maintenance and management of built-up environment, and related consulting and intermediary services and processes. Industry activity space. However, whether in narrow or broad sense, the construction industry, as the pillar industry of the national economy, plays an important role in economic development and raising the living standard of the resident.

At present, due to the excessive development of the construction industry in our country, there are many problems in the design of residential buildings. For example, the design of high-rise buildings in urban areas only focuses on the design of buildings themselves and the surrounding environment. However, in many high-rise buildings. There are many high-rise building constructions neglected urban design, too much emphasis on independent self-improvement, isolation exists in the urban environment. There is no intimacy and give people a sense of fear. Ignoring the architecture and buildings, streets, urban space and building environment coordinated design. Many design relies on some of the best design information for imitation design, building and the local ecological environment is not coordinated, there is a huge waste of resources in the construction process and environmental pollution, etc. These are not conducive to the long-term development of the construction industry. Therefore, Chinese residential building design is facing severe challenges.

2. The development direction of contemporary residential building design

With the deepening of the reform of the national housing system, residential development and the development of housing industry, the form of residential buildings is showing more and more diversity. At the same time, based on the shortcomings of high- rise residential, in the design process residential design should carry out the applicable construction guidelines of economy, safety, aesthetics and environmental protection and the guideline of "people-oriented". It is necessary to organize the interior space reasonably based on the living behavior of modern families and improve the utilization rate of interior space so as to improve the residential using functions.

The direction of the development of contemporary architectural design is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) The development of "green ecological housing."

In recent years, with the development of the real estate market and the improvement of people's living standards, the design of residential buildings is no longer simply focused on the rational layout of the planning plane, but more on the concept of healthy ecology. Many real estates have played a "healthy", "ecological" concept as a selling point of sale. Enhancing the health elements, protecting the residents' physical, psychological, moral and social adaptation to multi-level health needs, promoting the sustainable development of housing construction and creating a comfortable and healthy living environment. At the same time, in the process of building, we should pay attention to coordinate with the environment, so that the building and the natural environment coexist. In the planning and design of buildings, to maximize the preservation of valuable ecological elements, as little as possible to interfere with and damage the natural environment, reduce pollution, scientifically construction, according to local conditions, well-designed type of construction, the choice of less impact on the surrounding ecological environment building materials, reduce pollution, consider the building and the surrounding greening, reduce energy consumption, so that the design of buildings on the natural factors to minimize the impact.

Green ecological residential building design, attention to the impact of the building on the environment and the building itself energy-saving design. Building design and strive to minimize the pollution of the environment in the construction process. At the same time improve resource utilization, reduce building energy consumption. Efficient use of energy is one of the most important issues to be considered in eco-friendly green building design. Improving energy efficiency and using highly efficient and pollution- free energy are primary considerations. To this end, building designers should be based on local climatic conditions and design a reasonable building program. Through the selection of various factors of the layout, orientation and size of the building community, it makes full use of the local climatic conditions, uses non-polluting energy sources and adopts new energy sources. For such as solar energy, solar lights and other efficient energy sources to make full using.

(2) Modern architectural design also emphasizes the appearance of residential buildings and the pursuit of architectural modeling.

Residential buildings often appear as a group. The direction of modern residential building should proceed from the overall situation, consider the design and coordination of the surrounding building environment, and access to the surrounding environment. Living together with the local environment, to avoid considering only its own facade effect.Ignoring the factors of the surrounding environment. At the same time, the color design of residential buildings should pay attention to the color and the theme of the surrounding environment to maintain a coordinated, flat, facade layout changes, meeting the ventilation, lighting requirements under the premise of patchwork, complement each other.

Interior space can be separated according to the functional requirements for a variety of processing, with the diversification of applied materials, three-dimensional, planar, interwoven, up and down cross, plus lighting, lighting, actual conditions, furnishings simple and space twists and turns, size, height and artistic modeling and other techniques, can produce a variety of spatial separation.

From the single effect, we should pay attention to harmony in shape, color, merging with the natural environment, and strive to tap the characteristics of the element symbol theme, highlighting the shape, color, texture, and rich expressive theme residential construction, reflecting the humanities cultural characteristics. The color is refined, reflecting the diversity and richness of color, shaping the architectural style.

Today's residential construction has not only limited to live, people increasingly high demands on the environment, cultural factors combined with the construction of more and more closely, so, tap the cultural element is also very important, urban history, culture, folklore. The design of residential buildings can greatly enrich the connotation of residential buildings and enhance the cultural level of residential buildings. This is the deeper pursuit of contemporary architecture.

(3) The diversification of apartment layout design, residential design to take into account the diversity of market demand to diversify the size to meet the growing consumer demand for personalized housing, and can be flexible apartment layout to adapt to the consumer stage of the family. Changes caused by the layout adjustment, so that housing has a longer period of use. In recent years, residential design has placed a greater emphasis on scientific and rational design and distribution of residential units, with a view to providing a good environment for each household, landscape and ventilation, reducing the number of elevator services available and minimizing inter-user interference.

(4) Residential buildings pay more attention to rational design, practical functions and perfect supporting facilities. Improving the beautiful inner living environment, including architectural space in line with aesthetic standards, convenient living system, safe living environment, completed and thoughtful service facilities. It needs to start with a lot of detail design to create a good house. At the same time, people began to pay more and more attention to the environmental qualities of living space around themselves. Therefore, residential buildings pay more attention to the construction itself and the quality of residential quarters, as well as residential areas and the surrounding environment functionality and convenience. Improving the level of configuration of residential equipment, which is also an inevitable requirement for people to pursue high quality of life.

3. High-rise buildings in China

As the main symbol of high-rise buildings is becoming more and more common in Chinese cities, the use of high-rise buildings can effectively improve the land resource conservation rate, but also save energy and protect the environment, becoming the favored engineering design method in the current construction industry. However, the demand for high-rise buildings is also becoming more stringent. Therefore, during construction, we must strengthen the improvement of construction technology and incorporate environmental awareness so as to reduce the pollution caused by construction to the surrounding environment, create a healthy and healthy living environment for residents, and maximize the use of resources and energy so as to prolong the construction. The use of time, continue to improve the social and environmental benefits of high-rise civil buildings.

(1) Site selection and planning

Designers need to do a good job in the survey before the planning work, we must use the local geographical factors, but also with the climatic conditions, the full utilization of natural resources. Due to the relatively large scale of tall buildings, people also have high requirements on their functions and quality.

(2) . Building energy efficiency

The current high-rise residential buildings gradually toward the development trend of high-rise and super-highs, has exceeded 20m. Due to the increasing content of suspended particles in the air at the upper level, the compositions of various gases have also changed and residents are not accustomed to the high-level environment. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to create a balanced and comfortable space in the design of high-rise buildings.

(2).1 Chasing the sun

Due to the obvious differences between the floors of the high-rise civil buildings, the orientation of the buildings and the pattern of the interior, there are significant differences in the sunshine levels between different residential buildings. There are differences in sunshine hours and sunshine levels. During the design of the building, the spacing between the buildings should be controlled through rigorous calculation. By setting the layout of a good layout to be south-facing, it is guaranteed that each residence can get the minimum lighting time regulated by the regulations.

(2).2 For natural wind.

Building design full use of wind energy to meet the requirements of residents for the warm winter and cool in summer, the design process should make full use of natural wind, through the rational planning of the spacing between buildings, according to the local wind direction, rational distribution, minimize the summer natural wind blocking, to avoid too much wind in winter to the building.

(2).3 Using of insulation.

With the development of exterior wall insulation technology and roof insulation technology, in the course of design of high-rise civil buildings, thermal insulation technology should be adopted on the external walls, roofs, walls, beams, columns and other parts of buildings to play a role in winter.

(2).4 Adding a parasol.

Currently green energy-saving building design, the extensive use of the singled balcony design, the formation of high-rise residential shade, play a balance within the building's ecosystem.

(2).5 Installing energy-saving window.

With the continuous improvement of the building height, the wind and air pressure on the building are also constantly increasing. Sound insulation, windproof and compression resistance to the windows have higher requirements. Appropriate energy-saving windows can be installed to reduce energy consumption and reduce light pollution effectively.

As a key construction project in the construction industry, high-rise civil buildings have become more and more environmentally friendly, green and sustainable in the design of such buildings, which is a requirement of modern architectural design as well as a solution to the current society. A development requirement for the construction industry. High-rise civil buildings in the design and construction, to use high-performance, low- pollution environmental protection materials, while introducing energy-saving technologies and equipment, construction workers have a certain sense of environmental protection.

Conclusion

design high-rise building residential

At present, China's rapid economic development, housing is the basic material conditions for human survival, and residential construction has been the number of quantitative and qualitative development. Residential building needs change from space demand to life quality demand. High quality and new life are the main themes of current residential development. Considering design factors and improving the applicable performance, safety performance, durability performance, environmental performance and economic performance of high-quality residential buildings. It can meet the needs of new lifestyles to the maximum, change people's life philosophy, improve people's life quality, and promote the common development of material civilization and spiritual civilization. As a modern home of high-tech products, we should vigorously promote and use new building materials in design and construction to promote energy-saving and environment-friendly buildings to meet the ever-increasing demands on living conditions and to build a well-to-do, safe, comfortable and beautiful 21-st century well- residential.

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