Villa Meg an enlightened commission can generate an architecture where interiors and exteriors interact perfectly

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Architectural firm MM+

VILLA MEG AN ENLIGHTENED COMMISSION CAN GENERATE AN ARCHITECTURE WHERE INTERIORS AND EXTERIORS INTERACT PERFECTLY

Marchesi Marco, Mauro Fantin

Interni e Architecture

Abstract

Simple and rational geometries for a single building developed on two levels.

The first surrounded by a sand-dune (the turtle) and the second, protruded on the first, protected from the roof garden.

Large windows to the south and proper insulation throughout the building envelope guarantee wellness heat during the summer and in winter time. Solar panels, radiant floor systems, ventilated wood-walls, natural stones, artificial lightings with a low energy consumption and a feng-shui garden for a mediterranean house in hand with sustainability.

Keywords: concrete structure, near the sea, sustainability, energy saving, hygrothermal comfort, landscape integration, green rooftop, visual comfort, acoustic comfort

Аннотация

Маркези Марко, Фантин Мауро Проектная студия «MM+ Interni e Architetture», Тревизо, Италия

VILLA MEG - ОСОБЫЙ ПОДХОД К АРХИТЕКТУРЕ, ПОЗВОЛЯЮЩИЙ ВЫСТРОИТЬ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ИНТЕРЬЕРА И ЭКСТЕРЬЕРА

Здание виллы MEG имеет два уровня представленных в простых и рациональных геометрических формах.

Первый уровень «вставлен» во второй, который в свою очередь выступает как консоль, опираясь на первый, и завершается «крышей - садом».

Большие окна развернуты в направлении на юг, что совместно с продуманной изоляцией строения обеспечивают зданию тепловой комфорт как летом, так и зимой.

Использование солнечных батарей, систем напольного отопления, вентилируемых деревянных стен, натурального камня, контролируемого искусственного освещения с низким энергопотреблением и сад в стиле фэн-шуй позволяют привести этот средиземноморский дом в качестве примера «экологичной архитектуры».

Ключевые слова: бетонная конструкция, у моря, экологичность, энергосбережение, гидротермический комфорт, ландшафтная интеграция, «зеленая крыша», визуальный комфорт, акустический комфорт

The project

was born on the "ashes" of a single-family house in the 60s. Together with the client it was decided to demolish the existing for two fundamental reasons:

1. the roof structures and the walls of the basement floor were in difficult conditions;

2. the orientation and the position of the building were completely wrong from the bioclimatic point of view and compared to the outline of the planimetric envelope allowed by the lot.

The shape of the land, in addition to the presence of pre-existing buildings close to the boundaries of the lot, was decisive for the choice of exposure and views. Another determining constraint, also from the urban point of view, was that of the natural preexistences, that is the sand dunes and the native trees.

These unalterable elements, rather than jeopardizing their success, have given added value to the project.

From the bioclimatic point of view the building faces, with the two living areas and the windows of all the main rooms, to an "imperfect" south (8th). To the north, two narrow and long windows cut the whole facade bringing natural and diffused lighting to the internal corridors and acting as natural extractors of hot air during the summer.

The living area on the first floor overlooks a loggia overlooking the pool that brings light and natural cooling; given the considerable size of the door, it protects, in turn, the living area of the ground floor, creating an ideal shade area for plain-air lunches and adequate protection.

A shelter protects the windows of the rooms from direct sunlight and bad weather.

The path that leads from the external staircase to the main entrance forms a cantilevered "corridor" that protects and shades the windows of the ground floor.

The roof of the building has been designed to better accommodate a garden roof, solar thermal panels and the provision for photovoltaics.

From the plant engineering point of view, much focus has been placed on energy saving using a condensing boiler, a floor radiant system and a solar panel accumulator that can help the heat generator for both heating and domestic water.

The building was made entirely of exposed concrete, a technology that has allowed some risky choices from a structural point of view and that is more suited to the architectural style of the work. Despite this, the intention was to have a building with low energy consumption (class B of Casa Clima) thanks to the appropriate perimeter insulation (8-12 cm of expanded polystyrene) and in coverage (22 cm of wood fiber), it is useful to remember that the most exposed walls of the ground floor are completely "drowned" and therefore protected by the sand dune; careful design has avoided all the classic thermal bridges and the use of thermal break windows with low-emissivity glass has considerably increased the thermal efficiency of the enclosure. Internally the use of natural materials has prevailed: the floors are all made of walnut and the plasters are in plaster.

energy mediterranean house solar

Not “only an architecture”

The client, satisfied with the architectural project, also claimed the garden and interior design. The green project was more complex than expected because we tried to reconcile the use of native species with the precepts of feng-shui. The final result can be appreciated only when all the plants, bushes and ground cover will be completely "up to speed" but already now it is fully integrated with the sinuous shapes of the dunes and the sharp edges of the building.

For the interiors, a special research has been made on artificial light, opting for efficient luminaires that are not invasive or even invisible. The furnishings follow the minimalist architectural style and integrate it harmoniously with clean shapes and volumes; apparently aseptic and impregnable, they hide, through sliding floors and doors, a pulsating and efficient heart.

The shipyard, which started with the best forecasts, has fully complied with the construction times of around one calendar year. In fact, the demolition of the existing building began on May 15, 2006 and the end of the works, ie the building complete with systems and finishes, was given on August 3, 2007.

Keep in mind that from June to September, as the construction site in the tourist area there are some strict limits regarding the respect of the hours of "silence" and in August the site activities are completely forbidden.

With regards to the construction phases, the first floor, that is the second floor, was reached in little more than six months (November 2006), including the construction times of the internal partitions and the brick counter-walls.

The structures

In general, the conditions found, from geognostic surveys, of the land present on the area have turned out to be good to excellent, being a thick layer of homogeneous sand with sporadic decimetric levels of sandy silt (Rp = 55 - 90 kg / cmq). The superficial foundations are therefore placed on the surface layer with good resistance. Therefore, with the structural engineer, a direct and continuous foundation was built in reinforced concrete with inverted beams, while the cupolex of Pontarolo were installed inside the armed curbs to create, as required by art.4 of the Friuli regional law Venezia Giulia 23/08/1985 N. 044, an attic with a 20 cm inner tube leading from the east to the west and also towards the north of the aeration tubes. This solution, tested for years, primarily allows a good thermal insulation from the ground due to the air chamber, an insulation from rising damp, the conveyance to the outside of the building of any gases harmful to health (eg radon), a saving of aggregates equal to the height of the domes.

Not to mention the speed of installation given by the ease of interlocking and the lightness of the modular elements.

The load-bearing walls of the ground floor are in reinforced concrete, made in full casting, and have a thickness of 25 cm. Given the proximity to the sea and the known material withdrawal phenomena particular attention has been paid in choosing the right mix for a Rock concrete 400 with cement type X-S1, dosage 340 kg / m³, consistency S5, maximum aggregate size 25 mm, A / C ratio <0.5.

The architectural / structural aesthetic idea of two monolithic parallelepipeds in exposed concrete and with strong projections to the south was poorly combined with the intention of creating an eco-sustainable building for the known characteristics of the concrete with respect to the thermal conductivity (approx. 0.6 W / mK).

Despite all the concrete is also a massive element with high thermal inertia and this contributes to the internal microclimatic well-being by reducing annoying thermal peaks; in order to avoid the problem of conductivity, an internal thermal insulation system was chosen: an extruded expanded polystyrene panel with a total thickness of 8 cm (0.0 of 0.033 W / mK) and an internal perforated brick wall with a thickness of 8 cm the package works very well from the thermal point of view because the walls of the ground floor are to the north completely buried, and in large part also to the east and the west, leaving only the walls to the south completely exposed.

On the latter, an external insulating covering has been designed in horizontal wooden slats (ipetabacco) which perform the dual function: aesthetically they detach and give greater depth to the ground floor, highlighting the first floor and its projections even more; physically they serve as a ventilated wall both for the summer and for the winter period being detached from the concrete facade of about 2 cm. This texture, particularly pleasant and warm, is also found in continuity also on the overhead door of the garage which is completely camouflaged in this way. The same essence was then also used horizontally for the paving of the solarium and the external paths of the balcony and the cantilevered terrace.

Returning to the description of the attack on the ground, the walls have the foundation foot and the whole part later covered by the dune, suitably waterproofed with an anatomic plastomeric membrane sheath / membrane with a woven glass thread, protected by panels of rusticated membrane in rolls with semiconic reliefs in virgin anti-root HD- PE.

Given the particular shape and dimensions of the land, it was chosen with the client not to build the classic sidewalks around the North, East and West elevations, thus requiring a draining "curb" created by a galvanized containment plate to block the sand, and white river pebbles for a depth of about 40 cm and a width of 30 cm. This "curb" guarantees an easier drying of the ground around the perimeter walls and avoids the phenomenon of the excavation that occurs in case of absence of sidewalk. The south-facing walls therefore enjoy the most of this exposure with large windows made of aluminum, opaque white, thermal break windows with low emissivity glass that guarantee an average UW of 2 W / m2K. For the living area in particular, an all-light sliding window frame (size 550 x 250 cm) has been chosen, divided into only two doors that allows a coplanarity between the internal and external flooring without problems of differences in height but also without worries for water and humidity. This frame brings a great brightness and the perception of internal-external continuity strongly desired by the client and the designer. The problem of the overheating of the windows in the summer has been solved in two different ways: for the living areas have been inserted Venetian blinds controlled inside the double glazing, for the sleeping areas instead has opted for an effective blackout curtain also electrically operated. It is useless to say that both fully fulfill both the function that is proper to obscure both the aesthetic one of obviating the classic roller shutters or the uncomfortable and heavy dark wooden (more suitable for other types of architecture).

Returning to the internal walls it is useful to remember here also a choice against the trend and not really cheap, ie the use of gypsum-based plasters. It was decided to opt for this type of material for two reasons: the first is ecological, ie the intention to have as less of a chemical product as "internal last skin" (and therefore not for cementitious plasters), the second is linked to thermal and tactile sensation, that is, gypsum-based plasters are "hot" and much smoother than the commonly used premixes. If you add also a greater plasticity of the material and therefore a smaller presence of micro cracks the result is almost perfect.... the only drawback was the drying time, the plaster in fact, in many places has absorbed all the humidity of the internal brick walls and it took a long time to dry completely.

Once the casting (medium thickness 8 cm) of the floor slab above the cupolex was completed, the top was further insulated with a 3 cm slab of extruded expanded polystyrene interlocked between the reinforced jet and the lightened upper (PB25) for implants, also 8 cm thick, with insulating properties ((X 0.069 W/mK) To complete the flooring a self-leveling screed (AR97) of 4 cm was made and once a floor with slats was laid American walnut (12 cm x 220 cm) The floors of the first floor were made with two techniques: the first, more traditional, with a 26 cm latero-cement, the second one, covering all the cantilevered elements, with a full jet in cls.

Particular attention was paid to the consistency with the declared and desired sustainability of the intervention, all the precautions before and after casting were taken to avoid any thermal bridge including (in the internal staircase, between the pillar and internal dividing walls, between beams and counter-walls, between floor and slab...) a 6 cm slab of single-layer extruded polystyrene foam ("Dow" styrofoam with X of 0.029 W / mK).

The floor of the first floor therefore also houses a radiant system, whose characteristics in terms of energy saving, thermal and hygrometric comfort are now well known... low operating temperature, large heating surface, no convective motion with dust movement, no unsightly "whiskers" on the walls, no air too dry, a feeling of homogeneous well-being in any area of the house.

On the upper floor, the perimeter walls, not undergoing the pressure of the ground and such a significant upper load, were made with 20 cm of exposed reinforced concrete with the same characteristics stated previously. The thermal advantage in this case is given by the possibility of increasing the thickness of the insulating material, ie bringing a total thickness (rough) of 40 cm the wall, with a double slab of 6 cm of extruded polystyrene foam for a total of 12 cm.

The roof

The roof slab, also in this case of two types, has been insulated both internally and externally, to ensure optimal thermal insulation the package has been studied in this way starting from the inside: plasterboard sheet 8 mm, 10 cm d air gap, 12 cm of extruded polystyrene foam, 26 cm of slab in cemented concrete with appropriate slopes to convey rainwater in two internal rains, breathable waterproofing membrane, 8 cm of wood fiber panels that allow a thermal displacement of about 10 hours, breathable and anti-rooted waterproofing fabric, aerated supports in expanded polystyrene (Daku FSD30 sp 8 cm) that house the special soil of the extensive sedum-seeded garden (Daku roof soil 2 sp 8 cm) resting on the breathable fabric (Daku Stabilfilter 1.1 mm).

This package is certainly the most interesting and important of the entire building envelope. As is well known, in fact, the roof is the part most exposed to elevation, surface and time to the most extreme thermal and climatic situations. The air gap and the synthetic panel guarantee in this sense a high thermal protection for the winter period, the wood fiber is instead a good winter thermal insulation but above all an excellent summer insulation with a high time of displacement and finally the garden The extensive thermal and hygrometric regulator works by accumulating humidity and meteoric waters that evaporate with heat, avoiding overheating / expansion and movements of the waterproofing and insulation.

In general, the green roof is to be considered an ideal solution in the ecological and urban areas. It allows in fact a recovery of the areas subtracted from the natural environment equal to the surface of the building itself. Other advantages are: prolonging the life of the entire roof structure and reducing the risk of damage, attenuating effect with respect to noise pollution, improving the aesthetic quality of roofs visible from other buildings (as an alternative to bituminous sheaths / exposed grit or more rarely protected with gravel), improvement of the city climate and air pollution, reduction of rainwater to its natural cycle.

On a bare roof, without green coating, there are differences in temperature between winter and summer of about 110 degrees. A green roof reduces these values to a maximum of 30 degrees. On a bare roof, the meteoric precipitations flow quickly in the canalization systems, without being able to be used and this entails an overload of the water disposal network.

The idea of a project was therefore born with a flat roof and it would have been a missed opportunity not to make a roof garden; it should be added that in order to be able to house vacuum systems and solar panels, as well as the predisposition for photovoltaic systems, the situation was ideal. For all the overhanging parts, a cladding of Zintek plate (zinc-titanium) was used, also used as a crowning edge for the whole building and for the cantilevered cantilever that protects the entrance landing.

For aesthetic reasons and as a final protection of exposed concrete, it has been decided to apply a transparent clinging product (primer) on which two / three coats of white paint have been applied, while the plinth has a darker gray color to highlight more the separation between the two floors and above all the net design of the two superposed solids.

The outdoor areas required special care both for aesthetic reasons and for imposed urban restrictions, for example the surface of the waterproof floors could be at most 110 square meters, a parameter widely respected and obtained using a natural material, the gray luserna stone, with split surface. The solarium that surrounds the pool has a surface of about 40 square meters and is made with draining underlay covered with a floating floor in ipe tobacco slats (as for the facade cladding).

Schemes, plates and pictures

Fig. 1 Registered projects

Fig. 2 Executive project

Fig. 3 View from the pool

Fig. 4 View from the pine forest

Fig. 5 View from the main entrance

Fig. 6 View from the upper level

Fig. 7 View on south elevation, by night

Fig. 8 Views on the first kitchen opened

Fig. 9 View on the first kitchen closed

Fig. 10 View of the living room and 2nd kitchen

Fig. 11 The living room and the distribution corridor

Fig. 12 The 2nd kitchen: closed and opened

Fig. 13 The master bedroom

Conclusion

The work appears as a minimalist wrapping and wants to connote itself as a mediterranean architecture. The apparent simplicity of the result has been achieved with a careful search for mediation between aesthetics and the technical need for bio-climatic sustainability.

Villa MEG is a demonstration of how perfect harmony can be achieved between the shell and the interior. Architecture is like a human body... the interiors are its vital parts (the heart, the liver, the brain, the lungs). The exterior is "only" an envelope if what is inside does not work.

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