The concept of the development of the public center of the city Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

THE CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC CENTER OF THE CITY KOMSOMOLSK-ON-AMUR

Mylova J.A.

PNU, Khabarovsk, Russia

Abstract

The article contains the main aspects of the socio-economic situation in the Far Eastern region of Russia. The role of urban planning as an instrument of the strategic planning in the context of state programs for the development of Far Eastern cities is revealed. According to the long-term plan of the complex development of the city Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the relevance of updating the architectural and urban environment is defined in the article. Conceptual projects of the formation of modern public spaces in the city center are also considered. In conclusion the rationality of state regulation of the construction of prospective districts of the city is described in the article. A complex assessment of the specifics of the mod-ern urban planning of the Far East territory in Russia is given.

Keywords: city, public center, architectural and town-planning environment, master plan, perspective development, strategic planning.

Абстракт

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЦЕНТРА ГОРОДА КОМСОМОЛЬСКА-НА-АМУРЕ

Мылова Ю.А.

ТОГУ, г. Хабаровск, Россия

В статье изложены основные аспекты социально-экономической ситуации, сложившейся в дальневосточном регионе России. Выявлена роль градостроительства как инструмента стратегического планирования в контексте государственных программ развития дальневосточных городов. В рамках долгосрочного плана комплексного развития города Комсомольска-на-Амуре определена актуальность обновления архитектурно-градостроительной среды. Рассмотрены концептуальные проекты формирования современных общественных пространств в центре города. Сделаны выводы о рациональности государственного регулирования застройки перспективных районов города. Дана комплексная оценка специфики применения современного градостроительного подхода на территории Дальнего Востока России.

Ключевые слова: город, общественный центр, архитектурно-градостроительная среда, генеральный план, перспективное развитие, стратегическое планирование.

east far urban planning

Introduction

During the period of accelerated urbanization of neighboring territories - the countries entering the APR, the development of the Far East of Russia has been becoming one of the most important priorities of state policy. At the federal level, effective mechanisms for stimulating the economy of the Far Eastern territories have been adopted. The Fund of the Development of the Far East has become an essential factor of supporting investments. The financing of large-scale infrastructure projects has been increasing. The formation of the territories of advanced development is being planned where new economic prospects will be created due to tax incentives and reduction of administrative barriers. The large industrial center Komsomolsk-on-Amur is in a number of the most important territories for the outstripping development of the Far East region. In conditions of the dynamically developing Asia-Pacific region, Komsomolsk has a favorable economic and geographical position and it is a perspective base for economic growth of the Far East. The decision of the long-term comprehensive plan for social and economic development of Komsomolsk has been adopted at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation.

1. The factor analysis of Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the context of strategic planning and urban planning

Komsomolsk-on-Amur is a regional engineering center, a city with a modern hightech industry that produces civil and defense products. The oil refining industry is of particular importance in the economic life of the city, as well as the formation of the aircraft-shipbuilding cluster. The course to restore production level and intensive using of resources is leading the desire of the population to improve the quality of life and, as a result, the renovation of the urban environment and a new wave of urbanization of territories.

At the moment the level of the social infrastructure of Komsomolsk isn't corresponding to the potential of the city. Undoubtedly, the migration outflow of perspective specialists is connected with this fact, for the last 25 years of existence the population of the city has decreased by 20%. A competent policy of the formation of the comfortable urban environment is capable of qualitatively changing the situation. The longterm plan of the development of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, which is being implemented now on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, includes the modernization of the social, transport and engineering infrastructure. The government has given the facility to make the Far Eastern engineering capital a modern and comfortable city, to ensure its sustainable development. For 2016-2025 years 62.9 bil-lion rubles were invested in the development of the city (49.3 from the federal budget, 6.5 from the regional budget, and 7.2 from extra-budgetary sources) [3].

Komsomolsk-on-Amur was founded in 1932, and it's a great example of a Soviet city with a fractional planning structure, that was formed due to the fact that urban development in the first half of the XX century developed according to the scheme of the growth of small settlements near the industrial complexes under construction. The mutual location of a large number of industrial enterprises, residential areas and public centers of the different accessibility and infrastructure levels determines the scheme of functional zoning of the city. The ratio of the area of industrial zones to the whole territory of Komsomolsk-on-Amur makes it possible for estimating the high importance of the economic development of the production sphere and its influence on the planning structure of the city.

The city's road system copes with the modern traffic load. It is due to the fact that during the construction of the city there were originally wide streets and avenues on the first master plan. The developed network of roads, on the one hand, was necessary as an infrastructure base of an industrial city. On the other hand, the wide streets were planned for the organization of mass events, qualitatively significant in the life of the Soviet city - meetings, processions.

Preconditions for creating an attractive architectural environment were visual tensions because of the dominance of residential areas, the lack of local centers. The urban infrastructure is characterized by a high percentage of depreciation of the housing stock. The lack of ensemble solutions is still existed in modern buildings.

2. Program for the modernization of the urban environment of Komsomolsk-on-Amur

On different stages of history of the formation of the building of Komsomolsk, the question of the organization of the city center was appeared. However, the architects and builders of the city, in the absence of financing for construction, aspired to keep as much as possible empty space suitable for the formation of a public center from the ordinary building. It led to the appearance a number of reserve areas in the planning structure of Komsomolsk - wastelands, the development of which is necessary within the creating an integral three-dimensional composition of the city.

Nowadays the sealing construction is a way of overcoming the gaps in urban structure. As far as the quality of urban infrastructure directly depends on the rationality of the use of the territory and the density of development, the intensification of the use of urban spaces is becoming one of the main directions for the modernization of the architectural environment [5].

On the other hand, the availability of free space on the site of the city center is a great potential for improving the quality of the architectural and urban environment. Based on the analysis of the previous negative experience of the formation of two centers of social activity in the Leninsky and Central districts of the city, the need for an integrated approach to the development of public urban space of Komsomolsk is obviously. The autonomous existence of local centers leads to a decrease of the probability of a holistic urban development. The administrative regulation of the construction of socially important territories can become a means of forming a center where all types of activity are concentrated.

In 2016 priority areas for the integrated development of the city were formulated after adjustment of the general plan of Komsomolsk-on-Amur according with the specifics of the modern development of urban areas. A decision was made on the need of the formation of a modern social infrastructure with the possibility of a variety of residents' leisure. Based on the analytical development of the design office "Strelka", the technical task of the competitive project for the construction of the city center was developed [4].

3. Competitive construction projects of the administrative and public center of the city Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Based on the analysis of the planning structure of Komsomolsk, a complex of principal decisions was singled out that meet the main goals of creating a comfortable urban environment. The most important task in modern conditions is the functioning of transport and engineering infrastructures, as well as the preservation and development of recreational areas of the city.

Fig. 1. The competitive project of the administrative and public space of the Leninsky district of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Architects: Aleshchenko A.V, Sorokina O.N.

Saturation of central urban spaces with cultural, entertainment, scientific and education-al facilities will help to modernize the existing social service institutions in accordance with the needs of inhabitants, taking into account new technologies and the current level of development of the society. Improving the quality of citizens is also achieved through safe and comfortable connections between the areas of the city and optimizing the traffic of transport.

The social center in the Leninsky district includes a regional center for the development of sport, a medical complex, an open-air aviation museum [1]. The development of public-business functions of the district in the context of the urban settle-ment is supposed the creation of a commercial zone, which includes trade and exhibition, shop-ping and entertainment centers, hotels, office buildings.

The project includes offers for the development of the architectural and spatial environment of the territories of the Leninsky District on the basis of natural and urbanized frames (Figure 1). The recreational zone in the floodplain of the Amur River has been organized with the inclusion of objects of cultural, educational and religious purpose (chapel). Conservation of the recreational area around the stream Warm key allows to enter these territories into the structure of the city as well-equipped parks. This project is provided functional zoning according to the principle of ecological priority of the decisions. Accommodation of residential areas with different density of construction and height from 4 floors in the southern part of the territory and to 9 and 14 floors in the northern part creates a town-planning visual perspective from the Amur River to the designed facilities.

Fig. 2. The competitive project of the administrative and public space of the Central District of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Architects: Beloshnichenko V.N, Groshev D.V

The task of the development of public space in the Central District was presented in the context of the creation of a single complex of the public center, despite its multifunctionality: the center includes cultural and administrative-public buildings with a hotel complex [2]. The basic idea of the project is to form a pedestrian boulevard in the continuation of the main city-forming street - Pervostroiteley Street (Figure 2).

Based on the visual analysis of urban construction and the surrounding landscape, the architects tried to create a unique silhouette of the city embankment of Komsomolsk, which forms a panorama of the city from the side of the Amur River. The building of the river station of 1976, the author of which is the Leningrad architect B.A. Votinov, is proposed to restore and saturate with new functions, without disfiguring the architectural appearance.

A powerful urban core in the existing planning structure of the city (within the boundaries of Dzerzhinsky Street, Avenue of Labor, Prospect International, Prospect Oktyabrsky) should become a functional center of attraction of citizens and a town-planning accent. The high dominants of the administrative and business center and hotel complex that located in the corners of the quarter, create the illusion of a huge atrium space.

The physical culture and health complex, the shopping and entertainment center and the congress hall are integral parts of the overall composition of the center. A cultural and ethnic complex, an ethnographic museum, a children's technopark - an innovative interactive center and religious buildings are linked together by means of architecture. The Orthodox church in this town-planning situation should become one of the dominants of the embankment, completing the perspective of the Prospect International.

Residential buildings are supposed to be located to the west from the developed territory. Residential buildings are located along the embankment. Storey buildings up to 16 floors is variable with rhythmic swings that creates an original silhouette that supported complex visual perception of the development of the central part of the city from the side of the Amur River, and also from the city side. Reconstructed and newly designed backbone networks within the boundaries of the street Dzerzhinsky, Avenue of Labor, Prospect International, Prospect Oktyabrsky, are provides to project in the tunnels under the pedestrian boulevard.

4. Town-planning significance of the forest park Silinskiy. In accordance with the competitive offers, the concept of uniform development of public centers of two districts of Komsomolsk is defined. However, the task of forming a single central city space has not been solved. The unique nature of Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the presence of a large forest-park area along the Silinka river, which divides the city into two parts.

The implementation of the development project of this territory was problematic because of the large amount of necessary works on improvement. Thus, in the center of the industrial city, the territory with a pristine landscape has preserved. The use of this reserve will allow to integrate the natural landscape into the urban development, which is accorded the advanced tendencies of the world urban development.

The project can be supported by the construction of an educational facility on the basis of a natural reserve - an administrative resource that would become a pulse for the development of the territory. The phased development of the area requires the application of a set of measures to activate the territory of the Silinsky Forest Park: provision of maintenance services; saturation with a cultural-event program; branding of the territory; creation of interactive spaces. The increase of the tourist routes could lead to the development of infrastructure. The project can supervise the tasks of the creating a tourist recreational cluster in the city Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Conclusion

Architectural and planning environment of Komsomolsk, that established in the time of Soviet urban planning, needs revision of the main aspects of urban planning at the present stage of the city's existence. Understanding of the current trends in the development of the city's economic sphere allows to draw conclusions about the need of the modernization of the Komsomolsk building. Analysis of trends in the transformation of social infrastructure makes it possible to determine methods for optimizing the existing architectural and spatial environment of the city.

In the context of the identified problems in the urban planning environment of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, it becomes necessary to make a vector for the further development of architecture and construction. Intensification of urban spaces has become the determining direction of the adaptation of the city to modern conditions. To create a favorable social structure of the city, it is necessary to combine separate locations into the integrated structure of the center of social activity, the application of an integrated approach to its development.

References

1. Architectural and town-planning concept of the public center of the Leninsky district of the city Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Explanatory note. Aleshchenko A.V., Sorokina O.N., Gor- bach N.V., Savkov S.S., Savkova N.V.

2. Architectural and town-planning concept of the public center of the Central District of the city Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Explanatory note. Beloshnichenko V.N., Groshev D.V., Korza M.V, Umarov A., Pulyaevsky V.V., Romanov S.A., Ivanov E.S., Demichev A.A., Polyakov V.V., Sergeeva A.V.

3. Biryukov V. The development of the engineering capital / Khabarovsk region today. June 13, 2016. special issue - page 4-5

4. Materials of the Far Eastern Youth Forum "Amur", Komsomolsk-on-Amur, June 1226,2016

5. Materials of the second series of urban conferences "Cities and Territories tomorrow: a tool for positive changes", Khabarovsk, May 22, 2015.

Размещено на Allbest.ru