Transition and characteristics of waterfront space on Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus

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TRANSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERFRONT SPACE ON HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY SAPPORO CAMPUS

Shotaro Ikeda, Takeo Ozawa

Abstract

This paper examines transition and characteristics of waterfront space including the water system elements, boundary elements and adjacent elements on Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus.

Keywords: campus development; campus maintenance; waterfront space.

Аннотация

Шотаро Икеда, Такео Одзава Университет Хоккайдо, Саппоро, Япония

ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИБРЕЖНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА КАМПУСА УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ХОККАЙДО В Г. САППОРО

Эта статья рассматривает преобразование и особенности прибрежного пространства, включая элементы системы водоснабжения, граничные и смежные элементы кампуса университета Хоккайдо в городе Саппоро.

Ключевые слова: развитие кампуса, эксплуатация кампуса, прибрежное пространство.

Introduction

hokkaido university sapporo campus

Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus moved to the current site in 1903 and developed while leaving the river and nature that existed on the premises. The river inside the Hokkaido University has withered once because of urbanization in the central city of Sapporo, but one of them, the Sakushukotni River, has been regenerated and now it is a component of the naturally rich campus environment. This river, which was regenerated, is also valuable for Sapporo which lost many old rivers along with urbanization in terms of the conservation of the original landscape where rivers meander and the ecological environment. Based on these backgrounds, with a view to the future sustainable development of Hokkaido University, it could present new possibilities to the campus environment reorganization method by grasping the campus space from the relationship with the surrounding environment, and building networks of each element with complex value with the clue of the natural elements such as rivers. Studies on facilities changes at Hokkaido University 1). Likewise, research on the river, Sakushukotoni River, in the premises 2) have done, but there is no thesis that captures the rivers and the surrounding environment as a waterfront space together, focusing on the relationship between the natural environment and the entire campus. The circumstances where the current waterfront space has formed is not clear.

In this paper, the water system elements (Sakushukotoni River, Seronbetsu River and Ono Pond), boundary elements and adjacent elements in Hokkaido University are defined as the waterfront space. Based on the literature data ³⁾, this paper examines transition and characteristics (in terms of the landscape, the space and the ecological) of waterfront space on Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus.

Table. 1

Water System Elements, Boundary Elements, Adjacent Elements

Constituent elements of waterfront space and its transition

Water system elements

In this section, this paper captures transitions to focus on the shape and state of water system elements (Table 1). Hokkaido University moved to the current site sandwiched between two meandering rivers. These meandering rivers were inherited, not only in the northern major campus but also in the upstream kernel Kairakuen. However, the rivers on the campus were straightened around 1925. Following the depletion of the rivers at the same time as the underground construction of Sapporo station in 1951, because of the cancellation of the river designation to the south of The Paddy Field on The First Farm in 1974. The river site was landfilled and the promenade was prepared, although the water flow of the river on The Central Loan was guaranteed by the pumping up of the groundwater. In addition, the southern skating rink on the south side of turned into a garbage disposal site because of high economic growth but revived as Ono Pond around 1970. In 2002 Sakushukotni river was regenerated and maintained in a meandering/linear shape, and in the west side of @, it was culverted. Due to the shape and state of the water system, it is divided into 4 periods (period I: inheritance of the meandering rivers, period II: linearization of the rivers, period Ш: exhaustion of the rivers, period W: regeneration of the river).

Boundary elements

Buildings and roads that represent the end of the waterfront space are boundary elements (Table 1). In the period I, @~@ was constructed with clearance between the water systems, etc. was constructed with the front facing the waterfront space. In the period II, in order to expand the facility to start the Imperial University, ~@ was constructed close to the water system with the back facing. In the period Ш, development on the north side of @, @~@> is constructed with the back facing to the water system, and @ are built on the old riverway. In the period W, ®~® was constructed with the back facing to the water system.

Adjacent elements

External space and external elements (farm, playground, forest, loan, vacant ground, promenade/deck, ruins) existing between the water system element and the boundary element are adjacent elements (Table 1).

Forest: In the period I, forests with tree species preferring wetlands were adjacent to the Kairakuen on the south side of the Hokkaido University, but in the period II Kair- akuen was urbanized and the forest disappeared. In the period between II and III, the forest on the campus decreased on account of the expansion of the facility, but the forest expanded to the north side of the campus. In the period W, the natural environment was improved accompanying the regeneration of Sakushukotoni River, and the forest adjacent to the water system was improved too.

Farm: In the period I, the farm spread all around the campus, and near the current Ono pond and the north side of was a drinking place for cattle⁴). The Second Farm to the south of Kita 18-jo Street disappeared with the expansion of the facility in the period and the northern side of The First Farm disappeared with the preparation of the playgrounds in the period III. In addition, because of the depletion of the Sakushukotoni River, The First Farm has used it only for drainage since 1961 5).

Loan: In the period I, the low wetland along the river was maintained as a central loan while leaving the topography, and as a loan on the east side of ®. Because of the expansion of facilities in the period II and III, medical department loans, the loan on the north side of ®, and the loan on the east side of ® decreased, now The Central Loan and the loan near Kita 18-jo Street along Sakusyukotoni River only remain. Around 1970 the connection to the garden in front of @ became weak because of the hedge on the west side of The Central Loan.

Athletic field: The skating rink along the river of The Central Loan (period I), and athletics stadium etc. (period II and III) were prepared near the water system. Fences were set up at the riverside boundary of the soccer field (period III) and of the tennis field on the east side of @ (period W), so it became inaccessible.

Vacant ground: In the period I, there were vacant lands between the buildings and the water system, which could be used integrally with the river, but they decreased because of the expansion of facilities in the II and III periods. Currently, subdivided vacant grounds along the water system are mainly in the back of buildings, and they exist intermittently as parking lots and undeveloped grassland. On the other hand, as stated in the university newspaper (S03, S13), the vacant ground on the east side of was not only a child's playground but also a place for rest for various people.

Promenade/deck: In the period Ш and W, Promenades and decks were intermittently prepared along the water system, and the hydrophilic space was positively prepared. People can stay at the deck around Ono Pond and only pass the other promenades. The deck on the west side of Ono pond is off limits due to the dangers of fallen trees 6).

Ruins: Many ruins are excavated along the Sakushukotoni River in the period Ш and W, an expanse of them is in prospect.

Fig. 1 Transition of Water system elements, Boundary Elements, Adjacent Elements

Table. 2

Components and Characteristics