Public facility integration with citizens’ demands toward the planning urban cores of compact cities (integrating compact city research in Yubari city, Hokkaido)

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Public facility integration with citizens' demands toward the planning urban cores of compact cities (integrating compact city research in Yubari city, Hokkaido)

Sugimoto Sho,

undergraduate student, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan

Setoguchi Tsuyoshi,

PhD in Engineering, Professor, Dean of Faculty of Engineering,

Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan;

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ С ПОТРЕБНОСТЯМИ ГРАЖДАН В ПЛАНИРОВАНИИ ГОРОДСКИХ ЦЕНТРОВ КОМПАКТНЫХ ГОРОДОВ (ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КОМПАКТНОГО ГОРОДА В ГОРОДЕ ЮБАРИ, ХОККАЙДО)

Сугимото Сё,

студент инженерного факультета, Университет Хоккайдо, г. Хоккайдо, Япония

Сэтогути Цуёси,

PhD (технический науки), профессор, декан инженерного факультета, Университет Хоккайдо, г. Хоккайдо, Япония

Абстракт

В региональных городах Японии, где население быстро сокращается, необходимо создавать компактные города, соответствующие численности населения, чтобы противостоять упадку городских функций из-за старения социальной инфраструктуры и ухудшения финансового положения. Для создания компактного города необходимо реорганизовать общественные объекты путем их консолидации и объединения, но не ясны конкретный метод реорганизации и процесс планирования, а также связь между политикой реорганизации общественных объектов и намерениями жителей, которые используют объекты. Целью данной работы является получение эффективных знаний для определения направления размещения и функции общественных объектов, отражающих намерения горожан по формированию городской базы в городе Юбари, Хоккайдо, способствующей формированию интенсивного компактного города. Для каждого из базовых районов были определены разные ориентации городских ядер, и стала очевидной необходимость многобазовой городской структуры. Кроме того, в статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь между жилыми зонами, городскими функциональными зонами и реорганизацией общественных объектов.

Ключевые слова: архитектура, Хоккайдо, Япония.

Abstract

In Japan's regional cities, where the population is rapidly declining, there is a need to create compact cities that match the size of the population to counter the decline in urban functions due to aging social infrastructure and deteriorating financial conditions. To create a compact city, it is necessary to reorganize public facilities by consolidating and combining them, but the specific method of reorganization and the planning process are not clear, and the relationship between the policy of reorganizing public facilities and the intentions of the residents who use the facilities needs to be clarified. The purpose of this paper is to obtain effective knowledge for determining the direction of the location and function of public facilities that reflect the intentions of citizens toward the formation of an urban base in Yubari City, Hokkaido, which is promoting the formation of an intensive compact city. Different orientations for the urban cores were derived for each of the base districts, and the necessity of a multi-base urban structure became clear. In addition, the relationship between residential zones, urban function zones, and the reorganization of public facilities was discussed.

Keywords: architecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

Background and Objectives of the Study. In regional cities with rapidly declining populations, there is a need for the formation of compact cities that are integrated to match the size of the population in order to counter the decline in urban functions due to aging social infrastructure and deteriorating finances. However, the specific reorganization methods and planning process are not clear, and the relationship between the public facility reorganization policy and the intentions of the residents who use the facilities needs to be clarified.

The purpose of this paper is to obtain effective knowledge for determining the direction of the location and facility functions of public facilities that reflect the intentions of citizens toward the formation of an urban center, using Yubari City in Hokkaido, which is promoting the formation of an intensive compact city.

Research Method. In this paper, @we will extract the current situation in the formation of a compact city and issues in the reorganization of public facilities from the site optimization plan [1] and the comprehensive management plan for public facilities

formulated by Yubari City. A questionnaire survey of citizens. ©Be conducted to clarify the living needs of each district and the actual status of use of major public facilities. ©Organize facility management policies based on existing research3) and clarify the evaluation of current public facilities based on physical factors such as their location and degree of aging. ©Derive possible functions and the image of the base from the opinions of the citizen workshop [4]. (Hereinafter referred to as "WS"). ©Clarify the direction of public facility reorganization based on the relationship between the planning policy for the formation of centers in each district, the physical elements of public facilities, and the direction of center facilities based on the opinions of citizens as indicated in ©, ©.3. Organizing current issues. In the Yubari Municipal Land Optimization Plan , each district is classified into three categories: a base district to induce urban and residential functions, a regional reorganization district to discourage new residents, and a production district to support industry and conserve greenery. 3 of these base districts (Wakana, Shimizusawa, and Momijiyama) have their own district-specific future development policies (Table 1). However, the district-specific policies do not specify the specific direction of consolidation of facility functions or the direction of maintenance and management of the remaining facilities.

Table 1. District-specific policies for base districts

Analysis of the questionnaire

4-1. Method of analysis of the questionnaire survey. In this study, we used a questionnaire survey [2] conducted on heads of households in Yubari City to analyze the following items related to the reorganization of public facilities. The following items were analyzed: age, district of residence, importance in future life, frequency of use of facilities, and thoughts on how to continue living in Yubari with peace of mind.

4-2. Living needs in each district. Figure 1 shows the results of the analysis on the two items of "residential district (base district)" and "what is important for daily life in the future". 3 base districts have a high demand for grocery stores, and there is a need for places where people can buy groceries close by. In addition, demand for places where residents and friends can get together is high in the Shimizusawa and Momijiyama areas, indicating that there is a need for restaurants and community spaces where people can easily get together.

4-3. Actual use of major public facilities. Figure 2 shows the results of the analysis on the two items of "frequency of use of facilities" and "age". A comparison of the single function Cultural and Sports Center (hereafter "Bunsupo") and the multi-functional Risuta and Melodo shows that facilities with multiple functions tend to be used more often than those with a single function. In addition, public and administrative functions such as library, transportation, and city hall branch office were often used once a week, once a month, or once a year in Risuta, and retail functions such as grocery store were often used daily, 2-3 times a week, or once a week in Melodo, which was combined with the roadside station. From the above results, it can be assumed that the function of the complex influences the frequency of facility use.

Figure 1. Living Needs of Base District Residents

Evaluation of current public facilities and direction of base formation in each district 5-1. Organizing facility management policy. Yubari City has developed a facility management policy for the purpose of evaluating the current public facilities for public facility reorganization. The location and degree of aging of each facility (hereinafter referred to as "physical factors"), which are the basis data for deriving the facility management policy in previous studies [3], were used for comparison with the citizens' intentions.

Figure 2: Usage of major facilities

5-2. Analysis of Citizen WS and the Image of the Center. In this study, we used the results of the first through third WS [3] of the four WS, the citizen's intentions derived from the results of the questionnaire analysis in Chapter 4, and the material elements to derive the direction of the possible reorganization of the base facilities in each base district (Figure 3). From the results, it became clear that there is a need to convert less aged facilities to other functions and to combine them with other functions. The following is a summary of the direction of the facilities in each of the three districts.

The direction of the center facilities for each of the three districts is as follows:

[Wakana District] A health and community center that can be used by multiple generations by combining the functions of a sports center, a welfare center for the elderly, and a new municipal clinic. The sports park and its surrounding area will be developed as a base for exercise that can be used by people inside and outside the district. The two cores are connected by a rich space.

[Shimizusawa District] A community core with a space that can be easily used by young people, using the Risuta and surrounding external space and stores. The possibility of relocating the City Hall building and developing it into an urban center was also suggested.

[Momijiyama District] A core that serves as the gateway to Yubari City, used by people from inside and outside the city with the station building, roadside station, living hall, and martial arts center. It was also suggested that the exterior space of the current parking lot, which is surrounded by the four facilities, needs to be enriched.

Сonsideration. From Fig. 3, the following can be considered as the relationship between the residential guidance zone, the urban function guidance zone, and the reorganization of public facilities.

Many facilities outside the residential guidance zone were not mentioned in the WS, and those that were mentioned believed they should be abolished if there were other facilities that could replace their functions. It is considered desirable to abolish facilities located outside the zone when reorganizing public facilities if their functions can be replaced by facilities within the zone.

In the case of facilities located outside of the urban function guidance area but within the residential guidance area, based on the opinions of the Shimizusawa residence hall and the two facilities in the Seiryo areas, it would be desirable to promote the use of these facilities by combining them with other functions while maintaining the use of the surrounding residents. In addition, based on the opinions of the Miyamae Bathhouse, it is thought that it is necessary to gradually move in the direction of abolishing facilities that are highly necessary for the residents of the surrounding area, rather than immediately abolishing them, while gauging the intentions of the surrounding residents.

It is considered desirable that the facilities in the urban function induction area should become the center of each district base facility, taking into consideration the direction reflecting the citizens' intentions shown in Chapter 5-2.

Figure 3. Future vision of each district and direction of urban cores

Reference

compact citie infrastructure

To be determined in April 2021

In June 2021, 1,643 heads of households in each district of Yubari were surveyed with the aim of ascertaining the living conditions and needs of each district, and 687 valid votes were received.

Urban Functions in Location Optimization Plan -Integrating Compact City Research in Yubari City, Hokkaido-

From November 4, 2021, to December 16, 2021, a total of three workshops were held with 12 citizens with the aim of ascertaining citizens' intentions for the formulation of the district concept. The fourth workshop is scheduled to be held in February 2022. The themes for each session were: Session 1: "Ideals to enrich people's lives," Session 2: "Efforts to achieve the ideals," and Session 3: "Details of concrete facilities for the urban cores.

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