The influence of the construction process on the environment

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Institute of service and entrepreneurship

DSTU branch in Shakhty Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Foreign Languages

The influence of the construction process on the environment

Dmitrienko N.A., associate professor

cand. of pedagogical sciences,

Mashtakova K.V., мaster student

Russia, Shakhty

Annotation

In the article ways are presented ways to increase efficiency of methods for ensuring reduction of negative impact on the environment from construction process.

Several methods are pointed out:

- utilization of shell and core dumps to prevent possible penetration of harmful substances in underground waters ant further on in water objects;

- application of harmless, less polluted ways of demolition of buildings. Measures of protection the environment during construction process are provided in a table.

Key words: the construction process, population of the city, efficiency, negative factors.

Аннотация

Влияние строительного процесса на состояние окружающей среды

Дмитриенко Н.А., к.п.н., доцент, Маштакова К.В., магистрант. Институт сферы обслуживания и предпринимательства, Филиал ДГТУ в г. Шахты, Факультет «Техника и технология», Кафедра «Иностранные языки»

В статье представленные способы увеличить эффективность методов для обеспечения сокращения негативного воздействия на окружающую среду от строительного процесса.

Указывают на несколько методов:

- использование раковин, чтобы предотвратить возможное проникновение вредоносных веществ на грунтовые воды, далее на водные объекты;

- применение безопасных, менее загрязненных способов сноса зданий. Меры защиты окружающая среда во время строительного процесса представлены в таблицах.

Ключевые слова: строительный процесс, население города, эффективности, негативных факторов.

With the constant increase in the population of cities there is a significant need for an increase in the scale of production activities. When energy and resources are consumed, a large amount of waste is generated and then enters the environment.

Construction, at present, has occupied the first places in the list of negative factors affecting the environment. Analyzing research in the field of techno sphere safety, it can be emphasized that, in general, the environmental problems of construction are of an organizational and technological nature. The entire construction process: from the extraction of building materials to the operation of the constructed facilities, depends on the taken organizational decisions regulating the extent of possible environmental impact. An essential factor for ecosystem regression is landscape transformation [1]. The construction of linear objects requires a change in the nature of land usage at the construction site. Also, a change in relief leads to a deterioration in the conditions of development of the animal and plant world. Impacts from the construction spread in the landscape at a distance of about 6 km. Zones of indirect influence of linear objects are several times larger than the area occupied by them. However, when away from the source of exposure, the percentage of environmental impact falls

In the construction of linear objects, the factors of influence can be both direct and indirect. The most significant negative environmental factors are presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Existing negative factors affecting the environment

During construction, a large amount of pollution gets into the ground, including construction waste, cement, oil products, heavy metals and other toxic substances. As a result of these actions, construction erosion occurs, which contributes to the development of scours, ravines and other negative forms of relief. It also leads to the destruction of vegetation cover and silting of water springs. protection recycling environment construction

The actual scientific and technical challenge is the ability to improve the effectiveness of methods to ensure the reduction of negative impacts from construction on the environment [2]. The formation of undeveloped construction waste dumps becomes the main problem of pollution of the ecosystem. Consider a few examples of pollution of the ecosystem and analyze the most secure ways of dismantling of construction sites.

The place of construction waste storage sites is an obligatory item during construction of the facility. However, in some cases, after the completion of the work, the equipped storage sites can turn into landfills. Then the slow process of pollution begins and a lot of harmful substances get into the soil. In case of longterm placement of bulky waste, pollutants penetrate by 5-30 sm. It is obviously, that the state of landfills needs to be continuously monitored as part of environmental monitoring.

It is also highly probable that further contamination of the ecosystem components will occur with the spread of substances into surface and groundwater. Due to its high dissolving ability, water transports many ions of metals, sulphates, sulphites, petroleum products, which ultimately fall into water bodies. And since many water bodies are sources of fresh drinking water supply, their pollution can affect human health. Researcher Balzannikov M.I. in these works, the writer proposes to eliminate harmful effects of substances by means of specially arranged drainage elements together with filtration flows to prevent ingress of pollutants into water bodies. This is supposed to ensure the organized collection of polluted groundwater [3].

Thus, during the construction of facilities it is important to reduce the level of danger of ingress of harmful substances into the soil and further into the water bodies.

Considering the processes of dismantling construction sites, a parallel can be drawn between the most negative and least polluting way of demolishing a building. The most negative method of dismantling construction objects is demolition with the help of an explosion [4].

As a result, there is a rapid destruction of the dismantled structures, but the range of damaged areas increases due to spraying and separation of particles in the process of destruction. The smallest particles more easily fall into the depth of the ground, and then they are washed away by rainfall into water basins. To reduce air pollution, the use of foam generators was proposed. Their work is in the following order. Prior to the dismantling of the object or structures around vertical racks with screens are installed. Further, when the space between the screens and the building is filled with foam, the destruction of the necessary parts or the entire object occurs. Thereby, the dust from destruction is deposited in the foam.

The safest way of dismantling an object is the floor-by-stage gradual dismantling of structures. Using this type, there is a minimum shedding of small pollutants, which prevents penetration into the soil and the negative impact on it.

Despite the reduction in the level of danger or harmful substances into the soil and the observance of all rules during construction, it is necessary to develop measures to protect the environment. Since, with the rapid growth of needs, the development of society, the negative impact on the ecosystem persists. Environmental protection measures are presented in table 1.

Table 1

Measures for environmental protection during the construction process

Among the construction measures reducing harmful substances in industrial emissions determine the correct account of the direction of the prevailing winds, as well as the creation of appropriate sanitary protection zones between pollution sources and residential areas [5]. However, the studies show that these measures are not considered to be reliable enough.

Analyzing the above pointed facts, we can conclude that for harmless construction industry, protective measures should be used to prevent harmful substances from their getting into the soil, eliminate unqualified landfills, and also use preliminary demolition of objects in the form of floor dismantling in order to minimize the spread of dust in the territory. With an increase in the growth of construction processes, it is impossible to switch to absolutely harmless construction, but if the rules and protection measures are observed, it is quite realistic to reduce the percentage of environmental pollution.

References

1. Balzannikov M.I., Vavilova T.Ya. Environmental protection. Sustainable development. Life Safety: Terminology Dictionary. Samara: Publishing House of Samara State. architect.-building. University, 2011. 288 p.

2. Galitskov Yu.M. Protection of the soil and soil of urban areas from the effects of undeveloped landfills // Vestnik MGSU. 2009. №1. Pp. 48-62.

3. GOST 17.4.3.02-85 "Protection of nature. The soil. Requirements for the protection of the fertile layer of soil in the production of earthworks

4. Molev MD, Maslennikov S.A., Zanina I.A., Stuzhenko N.I. Forecasting the state of technosphere safety: monogr; Institute of service and business (branch) DSTU in the town Shakhty). Shakhty: 2015. 113 p.

5. Balzannikov M.I. Galitskova Yu.M. Protection of coastal slopes from destruction // Ecobaltic 2006: Sat. Proceedings of the VI Intern. Youth Environmental Forum of the Baltic Region. SPb.: Publishing house of SPbGPU, 2006. P. 74-78.

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