Mitigating Negative Impact of Global Automation by Developing Local Workplaces
The Long-term unemployment as a serious problem for the modern city economy. The relationship between automation and the reduction of low-skilled personnel as the most vulnerable social group. Analysis of existing methods to combat unemployment.
| Рубрика | Экономика и экономическая теория |
| Вид | дипломная работа |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 07.12.2019 |
| Размер файла | 4,4 M |
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Using the developed methodology, the data obtained were converted accordingly: the population density data was converted from the 500 - 7800 range to the 1-20 range, data from the commercial places from the 0-10 range would be converted to the 0-10 range if it were not in it, the data about the activity of the territory from the range of 0 - 140 were converted to the range of 1 - 10. Using the expression Density minus Commercial minus Street activity, the attribute of favorable territory was obtained in the range of -12 + 14, where negative values ??indicate the active areas of the territory, 0 means balance, positive values ??indicate inactive areas having suitable properties to house workers of the enterprise.
In addition to the analysis performed, the typology of the quarters located in the Metrogorodok was determined by visual indication. The territory was divided into several types: parallel buildings, a regular quarter, an irregular quarter, inter-house space, a space attached to municipal institutions. This classification affects the further development of the territory, after the installation of the working enterprise. However, such analysis requires further improvement, for example use of machine learning algorithms for identification of typology in automated regime, as it was done in the CityClass project (Kuchukov, 2017).
Figure 7. Map of population density
Figure 8. Map of commerce concentration
Figure 9. Map of territory activity
Figure 10. Map with universal index
3.3 Business model
As part of the study, it was determined that the business model of the Oosterwalder is best suited to the management of a small business that benefits from the sale of everyday products.
Figure Business model canvas (Osterwalder, 2008)
|
Key partnership |
Key activities |
Key resources |
Value proposition |
Customer relationship |
|
|
Customer segments |
Cost structure |
Revenue streams |
Channels |
This model is recommended as the basis of enterprise activity. In this work the description of each section is done; however, the dynamic model is available as a part of the interaction with the web-site.
Key partnership. Since the enterprise model is initially based on the possibility of replication and scaling - the main or partner in the division of labor may be an existing or future farm. The architectural project has the ability to connect enterprises into a cluster.
Key activities. The main activity is the goods production; however, according to the experience of urban farms, the activity should be differentiated through additional events.
Key resources. The factor determined by the type of activity. the amount of resources is calculated on the basis of the financial model, which is dis cussed in the next section.
Value proposition. Depending on the chosen location, it is determined on the basis of the quantitative parameter of population density and commercial concentration and leads to B2B or B2C relations. In any case, the value is supposed to be in locally made product with no transportation costs for client.
Customer relationship. It is built on the basis of neighborliness with the residents of the quarter. Customer is welcomed to be informed about entire production process.
Customer segments - may be focused on the business community of the district, but the priority of the concept is designed for residents who have income from work and who want to receive benefits made by hand on a neighboring enterprise.
Cost structure and revenue streams. is described in financial model section, because it requires a detailed analysis of the structure of revenue and costs.
Channels. Developed architectural project implies a sales point. Also, additional sales are possible during exhibitions and fairs held by the enterprise.
Thus, key resources, cost structure and revenue streams are connected with financial model, customer relationship and channels are depending on architectural solution, value proposition depends on spatial data, other sections are defined by the user.
3.4 Financial model
Despite the social orientation of the business, its strength is financial sustainability. The model is optimized in such a way that it achieves payback with minimal investment by the entrepreneur. As an example, given the financial plan for opening a local brewery in one of the neighborhoods of Metrogorodok. The dependencies are represented on the Sankey diagram below. Interactive financial model is available as a part of web-site.
Figure 12. Sankey diagram with structure of costs
Figure. Table with Costs and Revenue of local Brewery
|
Capex |
Opex |
Revenue |
|||||||
|
min |
max |
min |
max |
min |
max |
||||
|
Building |
300000 |
350000 |
Land rent |
16000 |
33000 |
Beer selling |
250000 |
350000 |
|
|
Brewing machine |
70000 |
117000 |
Communal expenditure |
4400 |
13860 |
||||
|
Brew kettle |
155000 |
155000 |
Wage fund |
120000 |
180000 |
||||
|
Bottle rolling machine |
4000 |
8000 |
Consumables |
10000 |
15000 |
||||
|
Office equipment |
40000 |
60000 |
Additional expenditure |
10000 |
20000 |
||||
|
Furniture |
100000 |
150000 |
The financial model takes into account the construction cost of the building based on the calculation:
· 50 thousand rubles for the basement, frame and lining of a block of 36m2 and 25 thousand rubles of glazing. Thus, the cost of a standard block of 12 * 12 m is 300 thousand rubles. Reduced module - 150 thousand rubles, increased - 450 thousand rubles.
· Land rent is based on average rental price on Moscow periphery.
· Consumables are calculated for 100 liters of beer production.
· Cost of equipment is relevant for market prices.
· Operating expenses and revenues are calculated on the basis of the sale of 100 liters of beer per month, but demand depends on the location of the brewery.
The difference between Revenue and Operation expenditure is positive, which allows to compensate the capital expenditure in time. Based on the optimistic development scenario, the project payback period is reached in 9 months of work. This calculation is presented in order to demonstrate financial stability in a certain activity.
3.5 Architecture
Based on the need to create a new physical object to accommodate the working enterprise, an architectural model that satisfies the recommendations was developed. The model is based on the principles of lightweight, modularity and universality.
The enterprise module consists of a square with a side of 12 meters and a gable roof and an isosceles triangle with sides of 12, 6.9 and 6.9 m. This form allows to use a separate unit as a production room with a terrace or connect 3 modules with triangle tops to organize a three-beam construction with a working area of 432 m2 with internal well.
Figure 14. Modularity of proposed structure
The 12 meter side of the module allows to divide it into 4 universal rooms with an equal area of36m2. The skeleton of the module is made of wood from a beam technology, the columns consist of double beams, with a profile 150 * 50mm. The building is made of wood, with window bets, on one side the object is sheathed with wooden slats, to give expressiveness.
Figure 15. Isometric view of enterprise module
Figure 16. Wooden framework of enterprise module
Conclusion
The growing problem of technological unemployment extends to the Moscow labor market, especially to the socially unprotected class, unable to solve for itself the problem of job loss. The developed proposal focuses on solving the problem at the local level, without resorting to interaction with the federal government. The recommendations developed include a proposal for the development of local enterprises with the aim of creating jobs suitable for the social class in question.
This paper describes a proposal to use inactive plots of a micro district for creating new jobs for the unemployed. The technique used to solve this problem can be used throughout the city, which has a similar spatial structure. Since the solution is largely based on data of the territory, having the appropriate dataset, it is possible to determine inactive areas that are suitable for the project in other territories.
To conclude, unused areas in monofunctional areas have great potential for development. The working enterprise has all the necessary characteristics to start activating these sites and extract benefits from them, their financial stability guarantees the creation of jobs without using budget funds. Such enterprises have high chances to become the first step towards the formation of local communities and a variety of neighborhood functions.
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