Analysis of the impact of occupational sex-segregation on the wages of men and women and its significance in the gender pay gap: Russian case
The impact of horizontal occupational gender segregation on the hourly wages of men and women in Russia after the crisis. The main indicator of occupational segregation: the percentage of women in the industry, the so-called occupational feminization.
| Рубрика | Экономика и экономическая теория |
| Вид | дипломная работа |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 18.07.2020 |
| Размер файла | 966,1 K |
Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже
Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.
(0.0937)
Marst_6
-0.241***
0.0472
-0.0304
0.0340
DIPLOM
(0.0914)
(0.136)
(0.107)
(0.128)
Diplom_3
0.0204
-0.154*
-0.120
0.0868
(0.106)
(0.0917)
(0.0950)
(0.160)
Diplom_4
-0.0537
-0.246***
-0.206**
0.0214
(0.0969)
(0.0907)
(0.0929)
(0.147)
Diplom_5
-0.0294
-0.158
-0.144
0.0459
(0.0977)
(0.108)
(0.103)
(0.158)
Diplom_6
0.259***
-0.0815
0.128
-0.0282
INDUSTRY
(0.0988)
(0.138)
(0.108)
(0.170)
Industry_2
-0.0944
0.194*
0.0971
0.00938
(0.0833)
(0.112)
(0.106)
(0.122)
Industry_3
-0.0265
0.271**
0.164
0.140
(0.0747)
(0.135)
(0.101)
(0.133)
Industry_4
0.191*
0.254**
0.224**
0.0551
(0.107)
(0.110)
(0.0994)
(0.116)
Industry_5
0.288***
0.265***
0.255***
0.169*
(0.0902)
(0.102)
(0.0926)
(0.0899)
Industry_6
0.311***
0.224**
0.247**
0.0159
(0.114)
(0.101)
(0.0991)
(0.106)
Industry_7
0.0217
0.106
0.0851
0.00582
(0.0840)
(0.0883)
(0.0831)
(0.0881)
Industry_8
-0.268***
0.0405
-0.0509
-0.0216
(0.0902)
(0.114)
(0.101)
(0.0985)
Industry_9
-0.194***
-0.0104
-0.0732
0.114
(0.0732)
(0.130)
(0.105)
(0.107)
Industry_10
-0.260**
-0.296**
-0.236**
-0.0816
(0.102)
(0.150)
(0.113)
(0.132)
Industry_11
-0.348***
-0.106
-0.186
0.0222
(0.0846)
(0.191)
(0.145)
(0.130)
Industry_12
-0.344***
-0.200
-0.257**
0.0212
(0.100)
(0.140)
(0.110)
(0.117)
Industry_13
-0.0986
-0.0837
-0.109
0.0282
(0.101)
(0.173)
(0.150)
(0.113)
Industry_14
-0.0693
-0.0463
-0.0630
0.0376
(0.0543)
(0.0736)
(0.0652)
(0.0687)
Industry_15
-0.111
-0.175
-0.164
-0.0199
(0.0893)
(0.126)
(0.112)
(0.108)
Industry_16
0.285***
0.455**
0.386***
0.180
(0.0840)
(0.188)
(0.120)
(0.129)
Industry_17
-0.246***
0.0787
-0.0191
-0.0141
(0.0683)
(0.132)
(0.109)
(0.0942)
Industry_18
0.0477
-0.166
-0.133
0.153
(0.141)
(0.141)
(0.0982)
(0.150)
Industry_19
-0.361**
-0.180
-0.247*
-0.00388
(0.164)
(0.148)
(0.130)
(0.168)
Industry_20
-0.0728
-0.130
-0.142
0.248**
(0.451)
(0.215)
(0.250)
(0.121)
Industry_21
-0.374**
0.328**
0.200**
0.367
(0.159)
(0.138)
(0.0806)
(0.242)
Industry_23
-0.267*
-0.0696
-0.115
-0.273
(0.161)
(0.179)
(0.187)
(0.248)
Industry_24
-1.152***
-0.765***
-0.846***
-0.955***
(0.0907)
(0.111)
(0.0970)
(0.133)
Industry_25
-0.437**
-0.405***
-0.426***
-0.228**
(0.221)
(0.129)
(0.147)
(0.109)
Industry_26
0.105
0.163
0.131
0.211*
(0.113)
(0.120)
(0.102)
(0.113)
Industry_27
-0.178
0.0644
-0.0304
0.0130
(0.200)
(0.132)
(0.132)
(0.153)
Industry_28
-0.761***
-1.551***
-1.406***
-0.661***
(0.151)
(0.151)
(0.140)
(0.138)
Industry_29
-0.407*
-0.167
-0.269
0.647
(0.221)
(0.356)
(0.344)
(0.506)
Industry_30
-0.213
0.129***
0.0603
0.243
(0.132)
(0.0476)
(0.0443)
(0.206)
Industry_31
-0.448**
-0.374***
-0.436***
0.143
(0.192)
(0.0888)
(0.0752)
(0.143)
Industry_31
-0.428**
-0.242
-0.291
-0.0477
REGION
(0.190)
(0.184)
(0.185)
(0.132)
Region_2
0.595***
-
0.593
-
(0.166)
(0.403)
Region_3
-0.340***
-
-0.327**
-
(0.0661)
(0.127)
Region_4
-0.0793
-
-0.0601
-
(0.0605)
(0.131)
Region_5
-0.315***
-
-0.358**
-
(0.0610)
(0.141)
Region_6
-0.572***
-
-0.572***
-
(0.0614)
(0.134)
Region_7
-0.433***
-
-0.430***
-
(0.0592)
(0.122)
Region_8
-0.202***
-
-0.183
-
(0.0578)
(0.131)
Region_9
-0.152
-
-0.166
-
(0.0965)
(0.175)
Region_10
-0.176***
-
-0.255**
-
(0.0674)
(0.126)
Region_11
-0.142
-
-0.140
-
(0.0931)
(0.170)
Region_12
-0.367***
-
-0.366***
-
(0.0623)
(0.135)
Region_13
-0.644***
-
-0.640***
-
(0.0681)
(0.133)
Region_14
-0.0111
-
0.0913
-
(0.102)
(0.112)
Region_15
0.101
-
0.0488
-
(0.0729)
(0.178)
Region_16
-0.124*
-
-0.132
-
(0.0692)
(0.141)
Region_17
0.0727
-
0.104
-
(0.0778)
(0.153)
Region_18
-0.163**
-
-0.204
-
(0.0806)
(0.149)
Region_19
-0.239***
-
-0.301***
-
(0.0693)
(0.114)
Region_20
-0.364***
-
-0.318**
-
(0.0931)
(0.161)
Region_21
0.675***
-
0.654
-
(0.166)
(0.400)
Region_22
0.802***
-
0.818***
-
(0.0775)
(0.126)
Region_23
-0.291***
-
-0.348**
-
(0.0650)
(0.143)
Region_24
-0.532***
-
-0.551***
-
(0.0678)
(0.152)
Region_25
-0.00947
-
0.0323
-
(0.149)
(0.111)
Region_26
-0.0519
-
-0.0304
-
(0.0767)
(0.188)
Region_27
-0.283***
-
-0.327**
-
(0.0682)
(0.146)
Region_28
0.139**
-
0.0961
-
(0.0641)
(0.123)
Region_29
-0.677***
-
-0.744***
-
(0.0555)
(0.125)
Region_30
-0.237***
-
-0.270**
-
(0.0546)
(0.126)
Region_31
-0.183**
-
-0.128
-
(0.0728)
(0.158)
Region_32
0.279**
-
0.358
-
(0.124)
(0.348)
Region_33
0.182*
-
0.201
-
(0.105)
(0.206)
Region_34
0.652***
-
0.659***
-
(0.0594)
(0.124)
Region_35
0.384***
-
0.371**
-
(0.0756)
(0.151)
Region_36
0.343***
-
0.338**
-
(0.0585)
(0.132)
Region_37
0.0377
-
0.0233
-
YEAR
(0.0708)
(0.117)
Year_2011
0.147***
0.148***
0.146***
0.129***
(0.0376)
(0.0377)
(0.0274)
(0.0366)
Year_2012
0.248***
0.251***
0.248***
0.219***
(0.0345)
(0.0541)
(0.0248)
(0.0616)
Year_2013
0.422***
0.429***
0.423***
0.381***
(0.0329)
(0.0788)
(0.0258)
(0.0887)
Year_2014
0.493***
0.497***
0.491***
0.429***
(0.0334)
(0.105)
(0.0285)
(0.116)
Year_2015
0.536***
0.546***
0.537***
0.464***
(0.0338)
(0.128)
(0.0274)
(0.140)
Year_2016
0.598***
0.619***
0.605***
0.511***
(0.0342)
(0.153)
(0.0300)
(0.166)
Year_2017
0.642***
0.664***
0.649***
0.542***
(0.0357)
(0.176)
(0.0309)
(0.192)
Year_2018
0.745***
0.776***
0.756***
0.631***
(0.0345)
(0.203)
(0.0329)
(0.220)
Constant
4.149***
4.184***
4.113***
-
(0.202)
(1.101)
(0.227)
Observations
3,729
3,729
3,729
3,303
R-squared
0.523
0.355
0.169
Number of idind
421
421
Robust standard errors in parentheses
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Heteroscedasticity test
|
Modified Wald test for groupwise heteroscedasticity in fixed effect regression model |
|
|
H0: sigma(i)^2 = sigma^2 for all i |
|
|
chi2 (9839) = 52076.34 |
|
|
Prob>chi2 = 0.0000 |
Hausman (1978) specification test
|
Coef. |
||
|
Chi-square test value |
92.87 |
|
|
P-value |
0.0019 |
Sample 4. Without skills
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
||
|
VARIABLES |
OLS |
FE |
RE |
FD |
|
|
fem |
0.480* |
0.669*** |
0.626*** |
0.0140 |
|
|
(0.265) |
(0.241) |
(0.233) |
(0.224) |
||
|
fem_gender |
-0.0868 |
-0.165 |
-0.176 |
0.159 |
|
|
(0.0883) |
(0.183) |
(0.150) |
(0.173) |
Appendix 3. Contribution of occupational feminization to the gender wage gap (Detailed)
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
||
|
Samples |
OLS |
FE |
RE |
FD |
|
|
Sample 1 |
|||||
|
a |
-0,000154 |
-0,11966 |
-0,0846 |
0,019978 |
|
|
b |
0,02039463 |
-0,13943 |
-0,08647 |
-0,03455 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (a) |
0,000148 |
0,115 |
0,0813 |
-0,0192 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (b) |
-0,0196 |
0,134 |
0,0831 |
0,0332 |
|
|
Average feminization (for women) |
0.6388849 |
0.6388849 |
0.6388849 |
0.6388849 |
|
|
Average feminization (for men) |
0.4380794 |
0.4380794 |
0.4380794 |
0.4380794 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for women) |
4.79583269 |
4.795833 |
4.795833 |
4.795833 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for men) |
4.98881427 |
4.988814 |
4.988814 |
4.988814 |
|
|
Sample 2 |
|||||
|
a |
0,04785 |
-0,10886 |
-0,05240 |
0,07836 |
|
|
b |
0,07836 |
-0,13518 |
-0,07082 |
0,01280 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (a) |
-0,04 |
0,091 |
0,0438 |
-0,0655 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (b) |
-0,0655 |
0,113 |
0,0592 |
-0,0107 |
|
|
Average feminization (for women) |
0.6419432 |
0.641943 |
0.641943 |
0.641943 |
|
|
Average feminization (for men) |
0.4268734 |
0.426873 |
0.426873 |
0.426873 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for women) |
4.808376301 |
4.808376 |
4.808376 |
4.808376 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for men) |
4.988161302 |
4.988161 |
4.988161 |
4.988161 |
|
|
Sample 3 |
|||||
|
a |
-0,16425277 |
-0,20399** |
-0,18015* |
0,062654 |
|
|
b |
-0,15895429 |
-0,23181** |
-0,20002* |
-0,01246 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (a) |
0,124 |
0,154** |
0,136* |
-0,0473 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (b) |
0,12 |
0,175** |
0,151* |
0,00941 |
|
|
Average feminization (for women) |
0.6423629 |
0.642363 |
0.642363 |
0.642363 |
|
|
Average feminization (for men) |
0.4261113 |
0.426111 |
0.426111 |
0.426111 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for women) |
4.784450456 |
4.78445 |
4.78445 |
4.78445 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for men) |
4.947706144 |
4.947706 |
4.947706 |
4.947706 |
|
|
Sample 4 |
|||||
|
a |
-0,66301656* |
-0,80005*** |
-0,73776** |
-0,14119 |
|
|
b |
-0,64363821* |
-0,68378** |
-0,6561** |
0,037788 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (a) |
0,479* |
0,578*** |
0,533** |
0,102 |
|
|
Coefficients of feminization (b) |
0,465* |
0,494** |
0,474** |
-0,0273 |
|
|
Average feminization (for women) |
0.66998 |
0.66998 |
0.66998 |
0.66998 |
|
|
Average feminization (for men) |
0.4296647 |
0.429665 |
0.429665 |
0.429665 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for women) |
4.826975242 |
4.826975 |
4.826975 |
4.826975 |
|
|
Log of average hourly wage (for men) |
5.000592366 |
5.000592 |
5.000592 |
5.000592 |
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Размещено на Allbest.ru
...Подобные документы
The major structural elements of economic safety of a national economy branches. The structural analysis of economic activity. Share of wages in ВВП, of productivity of Russia and western countries. The essence of the economic taxes and their purpose.
статья [166,3 K], добавлен 12.04.2012Concept of competitiveness and competition, models. Russia’s endowment. Engendered structural dominance and performance. The state of Russian competitiveness according to the Global Competitiveness Index. Place in the world, main growth in detail.
курсовая работа [1,2 M], добавлен 28.05.2014General characteristic of the LLC DTEK Zuevskaya TPP and its main function. The history of appearance and development of the company. Characteristics of the organizational management structure. Analysis of financial and economic performance indicators.
отчет по практике [4,2 M], добавлен 22.05.2015The Hamburger Industry: franchising, market conduct, marketing strategies of competing parties. Challenges confronting in the fast-food industry. Conflicts between franchisers and franchisees. Consumer behavior. The main role of management, its changes.
курсовая работа [29,7 K], добавлен 06.11.2013Solving the problem of non-stationary time series. Estimating nominal exchange rate volatility ruble/dollar by using autoregressive model with distributed lags. Constructing regressions. Determination of causality between aggregate export and volatility.
курсовая работа [517,2 K], добавлен 03.09.2016A theoretic analysis of market’s main rules. Simple Supply and Demand curves. Demand curve shifts, supply curve shifts. The problem of the ratio between supply and demand. Subsidy as a way to solve it. Effects of being away from the Equilibrium Point.
курсовая работа [56,3 K], добавлен 31.07.2013Mergers and acquisitions: definitions, history and types of the deals. Previous studies of post-merger performance and announcement returns and Russian M&A market. Analysis of factors driving abnormal announcement returns and the effect of 2014 events.
дипломная работа [7,0 M], добавлен 02.11.2015Stereotypes that influence on economic relations between the European Union countries and Russia. Consequences of influence of stereotypes on economic relations between EU and Russia. Results of first attempts solving problem. General conclusion.
реферат [19,0 K], добавлен 19.11.2007The global financial and economic crisis. Monetary and financial policy, undertaken UK during a crisis. Combination of aggressive expansionist monetary policy and decretive financial stimulus. Bank repeated capitalization. Support of domestic consumption.
реферат [108,9 K], добавлен 29.06.2011Socio-economic and geographical description of the United states of America. Analysis of volumes of export and import of the USA. Development and state of agroindustrial complex, industry and sphere of services as basic sectors of economy of the USA.
курсовая работа [264,5 K], добавлен 06.06.2014Analysis of the causes of the disintegration of Ukraine and Russia and the Association of Ukraine with the European Union. Reducing trade barriers, reform and the involvement of Ukraine in the international network by attracting foreign investment.
статья [35,7 K], добавлен 19.09.2017The air transport system in Russia. Project on the development of regional air traffic. Data collection. Creation of the database. Designing a data warehouse. Mathematical Model description. Data analysis and forecasting. Applying mathematical tools.
реферат [316,2 K], добавлен 20.03.2016Law of demand and law of Supply. Elasticity of supply and demand. Models of market and its impact on productivity. Kinds of market competition, methods of regulation of market. Indirect method of market regulation, tax, the governmental price control.
реферат [8,7 K], добавлен 25.11.2009Defining the role of developed countries in the world economy and their impact in the political, economic, technical, scientific and cultural spheres.The level and quality of life. Industrialised countries: the distinctive features and way of development.
курсовая работа [455,2 K], добавлен 27.05.2015Analysis of the status and role of small business in the economy of China in the global financial crisis. The definition of the legal regulations on its establishment. Description of the policy of the state to reduce their reliance on the banking sector.
реферат [17,5 K], добавлен 17.05.2016Establishing a favorable environment for investments, removing administrative barriers. Establishing high-technology parks. Formation of financial mechanisms to attract and support investments, tax stimulation measures. Brand promotion of Russian regions.
реферат [15,9 K], добавлен 04.06.2013Issues about housing prices formation process. Analytical model of housing prices. Definition a type of relationship between the set of independent variables and housing prices. The graph of real housing prices of all Russian regions during the period.
курсовая работа [1,6 M], добавлен 23.09.2016Assessment of the rate of unemployment in capitalist (the USA, Germany, England, France, Japan) and backward countries (Russia, Turkey, Pakistan, Afghanistan). Influence of corruption, merges of business and bureaucracy on progress of market economy.
реферат [15,5 K], добавлен 12.04.2012The stock market and economic growth: theoretical and analytical questions. Analysis of the mechanism of the financial market on the efficient allocation of resources in the economy and to define the specific role of stock market prices in the process.
дипломная работа [5,3 M], добавлен 07.07.2013Основные показатели, используемые в бизнес-планировании. Краткая характеристика и финансово-экономический анализ ТОО "REDBERRY industry". Анализ существующей системы бизнес-планирования на предприятии. Формирование и составление финансового плана.
дипломная работа [183,9 K], добавлен 27.10.2015
