Становлення парламентської демократії Другої Речі Посполитої (1918-1926 років)

Аналіз доробок радянських, польських дослідників, а також сучасних наукових розвідок. Вивчення позиції основних польських політичних партій до діючої моделі парламентської демократії. Дослідження причин й сутності конституційної кризи та її наслідків.

Рубрика История и исторические личности
Вид автореферат
Язык украинский
Дата добавления 30.07.2015
Размер файла 38,3 K

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Dissertation on the receipt of scientific degree of candidate of historical sciences in speciality 07.00.02 - World history. - The Institute of history of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. - Kyiv, 2011.

The Dissertation is dedicated to the complex research of national statehood renaissance and formation of social and political system in Poland in 1918-1926. The historical premises of restoration, formation and development of Poland on its way to the renaissance of national independence during the researched period have been analyzed in the thesis paper. Attention is drawn to objective and subjective circumstances under which the Polish statehood was being restored. It has been proved that declaration of Poland's independence on November 11, 1918 ended the long-term efforts of Polish people in restoration of their own statehood; declaration of Richpospolita II was one of the most important steps on the way to sovereign self-determination and self-esteem and the period of national statehood formation.

Based on various sources the regularity of restoration of Poland's independence and its formation as a parliamentary democracy has been proved; national-state institutionalization of Richpospolita II in 1918-1926 has been analyzed.

The research has substantiated that after Poland had become independent a completely new stage in the development of socio-political forces started, along with democratization of their existence and activity. The significance and role of 1921 March Constitution for the activity of political organizations and unions has been analyzed. It has been stated that multiplicity of parties, organizations and ideological movements was a typical feature of the Polish parliamentarism. Plurality system acted as an influential instrument for the formation of parliamentary democracy.

The role and influence of elections to legislative Sejm in January 1919 and declaration of constitution in 1921 together with other state acts, as well as parliamentary elections in 1922 have been thoroughly expanded upon in the dissertation. It has been observed that the Constitution of 1921, which determined the principles of the Polish statehood and its social and political basics, plays a significant role in the national-democratic process.

Declaration of the Constitution provided for the creation of country's legal system, strengthening of law and order in society, development of legal consciousness and political culture of population; it became the most important prerequisite for the restoration of Polish national statehood for the purposes of major landmarks of Polish contemporary history.

Social and economic, humanitarian and cultural factors in the formation of Polish national statehood have been analyzed. The causes of the crisis of parliamentary democracy and coup d'etat in 1926 have been discussed, followed by the evaluation of its consequences for the country.

Key words: restoration of statehood, parliamentary democracy, Rich Pospolita II, political crisis, the May 1926 Coup d'Etat, transformation of parliamentary regime.

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