"Revolution" -- ( ) - ( )

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25.03.2019
192,4 K

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-- ( y) - ( )

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-- (y) (). XIX , . . . . , , , y IV - V . . , . , y, 346 . y 347-389 , - 390 - 414 / 415 .

: , , , , , --, , , ,

In this article materials about chronology of reigns of empress Okinaga-tarashi-hime (Jingu) and emperor Homuda-wake (Ojin) are analyzed. At the end of the XIX century researchers realized that time of reigns of the first sovereigns of Yamato are excessively extended. The reasons of it were found out by the Japanese scientist of Naka Michiyo. After that attempts of revision of chronology began. The most significant results are analysed in this article. Histori-ans, having compared materials of Japanese chronicles with the Korean and Chinese sources, found out that the second half of the Jingu's regency and the most part of Ojin's reign fell on the second half of IV - the beginning of the V centuries. Unresolved was a problem of time of the beginning of Jingu's regency and a problem of the end of Ojin's reign. In article results of the solution of these problems on the basis of comparison of materials of Japanese, Korean and Chinese sources are yielded. It is found out that reign of emperor Chuai came to the end in a year of the Korean campaign of empress Jingu which in the Korean sources is dated 346 AD. The period of the regency of empress Jingu falls on 347-389 AD, and reign of Ojin - on 390 - the end of 414 / beginning 415 AD.

Keywords: ancient Japan, Yamato, chronology of ancient Japan, revision of the ancient Japanese chronology, the reconstructed chronology, the regency of empress Jingu, Jingu, reign of emperor Ojin, Ojin, Chinese sources

-- ( y) - ( ) . , , . , , , , y .

. (1603-1867 ., ) , (1730-1801) [56, . 43]. ( 1867-1868 .) , 660 .. ( ) - , --- () (.: [67, . 192]; [99, . 175-198]; [96, . 136-220]).

(1868-1911) ( - ). , , [160, p. 93]. ( XIX ) . 1878, 1888 1897 (ÔNl "篸 " - " ",{ÔNl " 篸 " - " " 㐢NIl "篸 " - " ") ([147, p. 217, n. 1]; .: [58, . 1-65]), , "-" ([160, p. 93]; [134, p. XVI]; .: [58, . 1-65]). 1889 .. , "" "-" ([133, p. 39-40]; .: [154, p. 2]) : 461 [133, p. 67]; [134, p. XVI]; [150, p. 346, n. 3]; [9, . 24], [150, p. 346, n. 3].

. , . (.: [135]), .. , .. [134, p. XVI]. 1891 "" (.: [88, . 233-256]) "" "-" (, " " (N . ) "" 1258 - .: [123, . 12-13]). "" (.: [88, . 233-256]; [160, p. 93]).

, XIX , , . , , , "-", , V - , . , - [135, p. 80]; [58, . 4, 10-11]; [154, p. 2]. , . , 10- 18- 50 , 8-10 16 - 100 .

, "" , , , . , , , 80-90 - 100 (lA?S]Ύ rOB([124, . 1707]; [118, . 822]) (--, . 115, VIII [2, . 35]; --, . 115, -, 75, -, ); llASN \NB([74, . 856]; [75, . 634]; [76, . 547]; .: [52, . 260]; [50, . 247]; .: [56, . 260]) (-, -, . 30-, , . 26 , 9-10); l SN \B([126, . 2536]; [127, . 2173]) (-, . 97, [50, . 256]; -, . 97-, -, -, ); lA ?\A ?S΁B([51, . 730]; . : [56, . 260]) (-, . 54-, -, 48, -); lA ?\AS΁B[62, . 1974; 63, . 1673] (-, . 79-, ; -, . 79, IV) [2, . 44]). , VI-VIII , , . VII " " 100- , [4, . 425, . 4]: "9- 1- 613 ., --- ( [4, . 425, . 3]), -, 100 " [4, . 415]( , 613 , 1- , 9- ). , , (N . / ), , iN . , . - 1) ( ); 2) ( ); 3) , , , [3, II, . 891]).

1880 , "" , , , , , ( ) [135, p. 81-82]. "-", "-", III ..: " (. - - . " ") [/] , (.: * [55, . 60]) [] () (. )..." (鰗 H? sm?Ύl߁AA v?tkHA?NIB([74, . 856]; [75, . 634]; . : [121, . 13]; [55, . 60]; [56, . 115]; [9, . 100, 226]; .: [50, . 246]) (-, , . 30-, . 26 (3 ), 8-9, -) (* L . - . 1) ... 2) , , ; ; , ; . 1) ; ; ; , ; 2) . ; ... [3, IV, . 335]). "" .

. (, .. ) [140, s. 495]. ( ) (.: [146, p. 11-14]; [34; 35; 36; 37]). . - ( , , - ).

.. XX : " , [ - .. ] . , , , , - , , , , - [] [ - .. ] , - "" "-" : , , - ; , , . - , , " [43, . 193].

, , [58, . 4, 10-11]. [58]. "" "-" , 12- (.. 604 .), [44, . 194].

, "-". , (橈ܐ . --, . -- - .: [81, . 252]; [73, . 150]; [65, . 44, 45, 58]) (橈ܗ . --, . -- [73, . 159]). - (58- ), -(. -) - , , , " " ([58, . 25]; . : [96, . 136-220]; [3, II, . 904]; [73, . 150, 159, 160, 162]; [81, 252]; [65, . 60]; [60, . 58]). " " *( 1260 - 21- 60- [21, . 906-907; 22, . 874-875; 23, . 281; 24]; [58, . 24-25]; [73, . 150, 160, 161]; [121, . 612];[54, . 166]) (* . / , . ? ; ( 60 ), .. 420 [73, . 150, 160]; [65, . 58, 44]; [60, . 58]; .: [3, II, . 777]). , "-" 1- --- ( ) [58, . 24-25]; [121, . 612]; [39, . 9-10]; [60, . 58]. ( - ) ( ѯ-) ([73, . 161]; [160, p. 94]; [60, . 58]), . . - 620 ( "" - " ", , , --- / ). 604 - , -, 601 ( -, 58- - - / . -;9- ---- / ) ( 1260 ), 601 (660 ..) ([58, . 25]; [121, . 612]; [73, . 150, 161, 160]; [39, . 9-10]; [81, . 252]; [65, . 58, 44-45]; [60, . 58]). , [ ( ) - .. ] , .. . , , , , . [44, . 192].

, VI - VIII , , , , . , ("--", "-", "-"), . , (), (. ), - (. -). - -- (y). , , ([121, . 610]; [73, . 34, 162]; [56, . 3]; [39, . 11]; [112, . 2, 3]; [157, p. 1]; [160, p. 52-53]; [144, p. XI, XII, XIII]), -- (y), , , , ([73, . 162]; [66, . 282, 283, 462, . 78; . 463, . 80, 81, 84]). , , "-" , (.: [160, p. 54]; [147, p. 237-238]). -- "-" , ( -- [y] III ) ( "") (.: [147, p. 237-238]).

, , , : II-III IV - - (166-213 .) - (214-233 .) III , ()-- (346-374 .) ()-- (375-383 .) IV , (()ьÉ (-)-; ()M{ (-)- [56, . 45, 152-153, 154]; [130, . 189]; .: [67, . 258-263]; [150, p. 247, n. 1]). "-" -- (y) -- -- III ( , "-" "- "), -- (y).

"-" . , , , , , , . . II ( : 147, 164, 173 188 - .: [130, . 64, 67]; [80, . 108]; [5, . 12]; [52, . 95]; [56, . 147]; [73, . 136, 107, 162]; [45, . 146, 138]; [12, . 249]; [9, . 80]) 247 , -- (y) 201 269 . 247 --, , -, (.: [73, . 162]). , -- (y) 200 . , y 244-246, 255 (. .) - 256, 264 (. .) - -. III - , , III (- 213 , - - 233 ). "-" - ( 264, 265 . . .), - ( 265, 272 . . .), - ( 272, 285 . . .), - ( 294 . . .) - III , .. IV - V [142].

"-", -- (y) III , , y , , "-" ( 39-, 40-, 43- y - 239, 240, 243 . .) "-" (66- y - 266 . .) [160, p. 52]. , 266 "-" -- , , ( ) 247-248 . , , -- (y). [160, p. 53, 54].

, , , . "-" V " "(. ) "", 60- (Nx . - - .: [39, . 13, 14]) (.: [58, . 50-51]). , : ("-", "-", "-", "-") ( ) , : ( 413, 421, 425 .); ( 438 .); ( 443, 451 .); ( 462 .); - ( 477, 478, 479, 502 .) ([130, . 296-297]; [15, . 328]; [39, . 16]; [87, . 7]; [59, . 4]) (- [126; 127], 9- (413 .)) ([130, . 296]; .: [39, . 16]; [87, . 7]); (-, [51]) [130, . 296]; (- [62; 63], -, 2- - (421 .), 2- , - [130, . 297, 294]; .: [53, . 13, 38, 57]; [65, . 163], [130, . 294]; -, . 79, IV [2, .44-46]); (-- [111], 981, - (405-418) [130, . 296]); (- [92; 93], -, 2- - [130, . 294]; [53, . 13]; [121, . 801], -, 2- - (425 .) [130, . 294], , 7- - (430 .), 1- [130, . 294], 15- - (438 .) [130, . 295], -, 15- -, 4- , - [130, . 295]; 20- - (443 .) [130, . 293]; 28- - (451 .), 7- , -[130, . 293]; 4- - (460 .), 12- , - [130, . 294]; 6- - (462 .) [130, . 293-294]; [121, . 801]; 1- (477 .), 11- , - [130, . 295]; - [130, . 295]; [56, . 183-184]; .: [9, . 121]; [121, . 801]; [152, p. 8]; -, 20- - (443 .) [130, . 293]; .: [39, . 17]; [65, . 52]; 28- - (451 .) [130, . 293]; [121, . 801]; [15, . 329]; 2- [121, . 802]; [130, . 294, 295]; [39, . 18]); (- [129], -, -, 2- - (425 .) [130, . 294, 295]); ( - [61], -, 1- - [130, . 297-298]).

, , , " " : (413, 421, 425 .) - -(); (438 .) - - (); (443, 451 .) - --- (); (462 ) - (); (477, 478, 479, 502 .) - -- - () ([130, . 23, 295, 296, 297, 312, 401]; [53, . 12]; [73, . 28-29]; [39, . 17, 18]; [121, . 592, 591]; [141, p. 7]; [64, . 316, 317, 320]; [149, s. 30]; [159, s. 105, 102. 101]; [20, . 213]; [9, . 26, . 3]; [5, . 19]; [117, . 178]; [65, . 15, 52]; [56, . 127]; [17, . 30]; [59, . 4]; [104, . 8-45]; [102, . 4-24]; [94, . 87-102]; [95, . 14-25]; [108, . 4-29]). , "-", . , , , " "(. ) "" :

"-"

(. ) ""

" "

270-310

- (31- )

394

? - 394

313-399

- (4- )

427

394-427

400-405

- (9- )

432

427-432

406-411

- (14- )

437

432-437

412-453

- (31- )

454

437-454

454-456

---

--

454 - ?

457-479

- (6- )

489

? - 489

, " "(. ) V "" , "-", - () (.: [58, . 50-51, 54-55]).

, , , III-IV 120 , 60- ([58, . 36-37, 38, 39]; [147, p. 217]; .: [144, p. 24]).

, - "-" - (. Ѹ) - IV -- --. y -, -, , , (), IV - V [58, . 37-39]. , , "Ѹ-" ( 9- ) , y -- (346-375) [58, . 38]. "[ ] [ ] -- [346-375]. [ ], (, ), [-- ] []. y" (~?y ߏьÉBy ?An?MB _c@VN B - . : [58, . 38]; .: [78, . 4496; 79]) (Ѹ-, 9- (790 .), 7- , 17- ).

"-"

-

(43- ..)

, - - -(346-375) ([58, . 36]; .: [30, . 151]).

346

y, 46- . .

- (3- ..)

- , .. [] - . - - ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 278]).

(366)

49- . .

- (6- ..)

- (-) - , ..; [ ] . ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 280]).

(369)

52- . .

- (9- ..)

[ ] [] - , .. ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 282]).

(372)

55- . .

- (12- ..)

- - ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 282]).

-

(12- ..)

- - , - ([58, . 36]; .: [30, . 152]).

375

56- . .

- (13- ..)

- , ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 282]).

376

64- . .

- (21- ..)

-, , ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 283]).

- (21- ..)

- - . [] ([58, . 36]; .: [30, . 153]).

384

65- . .

-

(22- ..)

- ; [] , [] - ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 283]).

-

(22- ..)

; , [] [] ([58, . 36]; .: [30, . 153, 154]).

385

,

3- . .

-

(29- ..)

- - (-) [], - - , - - , - , - [] . [] - , [ ]. - - [], [] , ([58, . 36]; .: [66, . 286]).

- (29- ..)

() . - ([58, . 36]; .: [30, . 155]).

392

8- . .

-

(34- ..)

"-" : [] . [ ] []. [] [ ] [.. ] , [] ո, , - (. " " ).* [], , []. ([58, . 37]; SϋL ]Bԉ A?X MB̒D?m\XAy ?AxNAJ߁AؔVnBȌ?qmx VAȏC?扤VD B[67, . 272]; .: [66, . 287]; D. - 1) , , ; (-.) 3) (-.) [3, III, . 51]) (* ; - - .: [66, . 287]).

-

(34- ..)

, [] [ ] ([58, . 37]; .: [30, . 156, 157]).

397

16- ..

- (42- ..)

- -[- ] . (-) - : " [] [ ]". [] (. -) [ ] ([58, . 37]; .: [66, . 291]).

-

(42- ..)

- . , (), [] [ ]. - [] . [] [] - , , . [] , [ ]. , [] [ ] . [] [] , .. [] [] [ ] . [] [] , , ([58, . 37]; .: [30, . 157]).

405

25- ..

- (51- ..)

- - . - , ([58, . 37]; .: [66, . 293]).

(414)

-

(57- ..)

- . [] - ([58, . 37]; .: [30, . 158]).

420

, XIX , .. - "-" "-" -- (y) - () "-" "-", , , , , , 60- . , 120 .

, IV .. III .. ([58, . 36-37, 39]; [48, . 681-682]; [49, . 691-692]; [150, p. 247, n. 1; p. 249, n. 3; p. 251, n. 6; p. 252, n. 1; p. 253, n. 1, 2; p. 256, n. 1; p. 257, n. 6; p. 262, n. 5; p. 263, n. 3; p. 265, n. 1; p. 267, n. 6]; .: [138, p. 213, n. 11]; [9, c. 24; 27, . 4];[113, c. 15]) ( "-" (OjL) [30] "-" (ʊ [114; 115]), , "-" [11, c. 17, 18]; .: [121, . 635]).

"- "

"- "

"- " (" ")

366

y 46- (246 .)

- (. Ѹ), , (SZ ьÉ " -". [67, . 258]; .: [150, p. 247]; [66, . 278])

346-375

--

(366 .) 21- - [30, . 151].

369 .

49- . (249)

- (. ) (ьÁBy q M{Bv " (. ) , [] ". [67, . 260]; .: [150, p. 249]; [66, . 280]).

346-375

--

(369 .) 24- -; [30, . 152].

375 .

55- . (255)

" -" (SZьÉ IB[67, . 263]; .: [150, p. 251]; [66, . 282]).

, 3- (375), (12- ), , 11- (JNONi375jA~\ꌎB[115, . 4-, . 5]).

--, -- (SZߏь IAqߋw B[115, . 4-, . 5 ]; . : [121, . 635]).

30- - [375 .], [] , [ -] [30, . 152, 153].

376 .

56- . (256)

" [] , (. )" (SZq M{ ?B[67, . 263]; .: [150, p. 251]; [66, . 282]).

(376 .) 2- - [30, . 153]

384 .

64- . (264)

" (. ) . [] - , (. )" (SZ M{ IBq ?B[67, . 264]; .: [150, p. 253]; [66, . 283]).

, 9- (384), (21- ), , 4- (瑾Ni384jb\AĎlB[115, . 4-, . 7]; . : [121, . 635-636]).

--, - (SZ ߋw IAq Bv [115, . 4-, . 7]; . : [121, . 635-636]).

(384 .) 10- -. , 4- . ... , [30, . 153].

385 .

65- . (265)

, , . (. ) , (. ) (SZ IBq ԔN Bf CzD ?B [67, . 264]; .: [150, p. 253]; [66, . 283].

, 10- (385), - (22- ), , 10- ) (瑾\Ni385jсA~\B[115, . 4-, . 7]; . : [121, . 636].

, , [] (- -) (SZ IAq ? cA Cz B [115, . 4-, . 7]; . : [121, . 636].

(385 .) 2- . , 11- , . ... , [] , [ ] [30, . 153, 154].

392 .

, 3- . (272)

" - (. -) [] - , [] (. )" SϒCz VXMVc RSϚ E?Cz ӔV ? ? [67, . 271]; .: [150, p. 256]; [66, . 287]).

, 17- (392), (29- ), 11- (瑾\Ni392jpCA\ꌎB[115, . 4-, . 10-10]; . : [121, . 636]).

() . - [] ... (SZ CzAI 猴s{AVq ? B[115, . 4-, . 10-10]; . : [121, . 636])

(392 .) 8- . 11- [] () .

[, ] , [] [30, . 155].

397 .

8- . (277)

""-" : -, , [] [ ] []" (SZL ]Bԉ ?X M ?q q VB [67, . 272]; .: [150, p. 257]; [66, . 287]).

, 1- - (397), (34- ), , 5- (痲Ni397jсAČ܌Bv [115, . 4-, . 11]; . : [121, . 636]).

() , (SZo?`?DA?qAx਎B [115, . 4-, . 11]; . : [121, . 636]).

(397 .) 6- . , 5- , () [30, . 156].

405 .

16- . (285)

" -. [] (. -) - [] , : " [] , (. -, . )*". (: ) (΁BSZԉ IBVc ?x VHA ? ȎkʁB[67, . 277]; .: [150, p. 263]; [66, . 291]; * k . - , . [3, III, . 107]).

, 1- (405), (42- ), , 9- (`Ni405jAH㌎B[115, . 4-, . 14-14]; . : [121, . 636]).

, [] () [ ] . [ ] , . , , . [] , . () [] 100 . [] ... , [], , (SZ ? IAq Ax ` s ҁAq P Aȑ qVҁAG?XE PA AAx ]AɚLdA` Sl ʑAAx EAl𒉁A}HA剤 A?XE ZA葾q VvAAx ` ʁA C VAlE ?XA}?B [115, . 4-, . 14-14]; . : [121, . 636])

(405 .) 14- . , 9- , ... [ ] . 14- [] [ - .. ], , , ( ), , . , , [ ], [ ]. . ... [] , [ ] [30, . 157].

...

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