Trade Activities and the Spread of Christianity by Portugal: Port of Faifo (Vietnam)

From 1665 to the end of the 17th century, the Jesuits sought to return to Faifo and other localities of Cochinchina, in order to continue the missionary activity which had been conducted in the previous period. However, during this time, the management of missionary work in these places was no longer the responsibility of Portuguese Jesuit priests because the Roman Church gave this privilege to the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris Rooted in Hope: Festschrift in honor of Roman Malek S.V.D. on the occasion of his 65^th birthday. Vol. 1 / eds B. Hoster, D. Kuhlmann, Z. Wesolowski. Oxon; New York, 2017. P. 255; The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History. Vol. 1 / eds R. Benedetto, J.O. Duke, C. Lindberg, C. Ocker, R.H. Weaver. Louisville; London, 2008. P. 494.. This led to rising tensions between the Portuguese Jesuits and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris Chappoulie H.A. Aux origines d'une eglise: Rome et les missions d'Indochine au XVIIe siecle. T. 1. P 341; Launay A. Histoire de La Mission de Cochinchine, 1658-1823. T. 1. P. 176. in Faifo and other places in Cochinchina. Faced with this situation, the officials of the Roman Church felt they had to intervene in the conflict between these two missionary forces but resolved it in favor of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris Chappoulie H.A. Aux origines d'une eglise: Rome et les missions d'Indochine au XVIIe siecle. T. 1. P 261, 297.. In particular, on May 20, 1680, the Roman Church issued an order recalling the Jesuits from Vietnam Ibid. P. 55-63., which brought an end to their missionary work in Cochinchina.

Conclusion

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Faifo as the largest trading port in Cochinchina (Vietnam) received the first Portuguese contacts and over the years had become a place where local residents bore witness to the many ups and downs of the Portuguese's commercial and missionary activities in Vietnam. Motivated by a desire to modernize their military forces with European weapons, the Nguyen Lords extended invitations to Portuguese merchants and warmly welcomed Portuguese ships arriving in Faifo. However, unlike traders from China, Japan, and other Western countries, the Portuguese did not have the intention of establishing commercial firms in Faifo, despite receiving many favorable concessions from the Nguyen Lords. The Portuguese went there to trade and returned to Macao or Malacca following the trade winds between February and September every year. Thus, monsoon trade and the lack of established commercial firms were the most distinctive features of Portuguese commercial activity in Faifo. During the time when the Portuguese Crown strongly supported the Jesuits in their religious activities in Faifo, along with commerce, in the 17th century, Portugal also played an important role in spreading Chritianity there and in other localities of Cochinchina. These early Vietnamese congregations became the first Christian communities which laid the foundation for the introduction and development of Christianity in the region. From their initial purpose of tending to the spiritual needs of Japanese Christians in Faifo, gradually Jesuit priests expanded their activities to the Vietnamese community. In the process, Faifo became the first residence which was established in Cochinchina. It played an important role in the process of organizing and managing the missionary activities of the Portuguese Jesuit priests in the first half of the 17 th century. However, if considered comprehensively, it can be seen that Portuguese commercial and missionary activities in Faifo in the 17th century were not continuously sustained. In fact, the trade of Portuguese merchants in Faifo only really prospered during the first half of the 17th century, and from the second half of the 17th century, the Portuguese role in commercial activities in Faifo gradually faded. This was in part due to the fact that Portuguese Jesuit priests only held the right to manage missionary activities in Faifo and Cochinchina between 1615-1658. Afterwards, this responsibility was given to the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris by the Roman Catholic Church.

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