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Abstract

Sexual contacts with the enemy during the second world war: mutilated destinies of women

Volodymyr Ginda, Candidate of Historical Sciences (Ph.D.), Senior Researcher of the Department of Military Historical Research, Institute of History of Ukraine of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv),

Goal. Based on the existing historiographical and source base, the author in this scientific research aims to investigate the attitude of post-war societies and states towards women who had sexual contact with soldiers of enemy armies during the Second World War. To show certain differences of states in their treatment of such women and their punishments at the legislative level and to reveal several problems and humiliations they had to face in the first months and years of the postwar period. Methodology. This article is based on the principles of objectivism, systematicity, historicism and scientificity. The methodological work of the research is based on the principles of historical-comparative, historical-systemic, analytical, and historical approaches. Their application made it possible to reveal most of the problems in the later life of such women, to show, compare and analyze the attitude of societies (verbal level) and governments (legislative level) of various states of Europe and the USSR to them. To trace the causes of aggressive and inhumane treatment of those around them and excessively harsh punishment by governments in the legislative sphere. Scientific novelty of the research. Based on the existing material, the problem of the future life of women who had sexual contact with enemy soldiers is covered for the first time in Ukrainian historiography. The entire tragedy of this period in Europe is revealed, a few problems faced by «guilty» women in everyday life are shown, and they received physical and mental injuries from their compatriots due to their «sexual offenses», and in some countries, they were punished at the legislative level in the form of imprisonment anger. Conclusions. It is found that women's sexual relations with enemy soldiers after the end of the war became a problem for European post-war societies. In many countries, such women were subjected to stigmatization and were the objects of prejudiced treatment both by their compatriots and the state. A significant percentage of women lost their lives, received imprisonment with impairment of their rights, mutilations due to the terrible tortures of the enraged mobs, which in the first days after the expulsion of the Nazis poured all their fury on them, and severe psychological injuries. Everyone who managed to go through these wanderings later lived with a sense of guilt.

Keywords: World War II, sex, woman, enemy soldier, occupation, Nazis, state, crowd, punishment, «year of shame».

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