Система регулювання аграрного сектору в Європейському Союзі

Ключові слова: ЄС, аграрна модель, багатофункціональне сільське господарство, регулювання сільського господарства, спільна аграрна політика ЄС, гармонізація аграрної політики.

Аннотация

Винская О.И. Система регулирования аграрного сектора в ЕС.- Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата экономических наук по специальности 08.00.02 - мировое хозяйство и международные экономические отношения. ГВУЗ «Киевский национальный экономический университет имени Вадима Гетьмана», Киев, 2011.

Диссертационная работа посвящена исследованию эволюции становления и развитию системы регулирования аграрного сектора в ЕС. В соответствии с принципами историзма, програмированности и регулируемости экономической среды выделено семь основных этапов эволюции стран-лидеров в процессе регулирования аграрного сектора. Значительное внимание уделено основным аграрным моделям, реализуемым в постиндустриальных странах.

В диссертации системно исследовано особенности эволюции регулирования аграрного сектора ЕС. Обосновано формирование современной многофункциональной аграрной модели ЕС, которая отвечает концепции устойчивого развития реализуемой в союзе. Доказано, что комплиментарность в финансировании расходов на проведение единой аграрной политики союза будет усиливаться.

На основе изучения современного состояния регулирования аграрного производства на Украине определены основные направления отставания от европейской сельскохозяйственной модели, которая базируется на принципе многофункциональности. Выявлено, что основным направлением повышения эффективности и конкурентоспособности сельского хозяйства и обеспечения продовольственной безопасности Украины является гармонизация украинской аграрной модели с соответствующей в ЕС.

Ключевые слова: ЕС, аграрная модель, многофункциональное сельское хозяйство, регулирование сельского хозяйства, единая аграрная политика ЕС, гармонизация аграрной политики.

Annotation

Vinska O.Y. The regulatory system of agricultural sector in the EU. Manuscript.

The thesis for obtaining the scientific degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences by specialty: 08.00.02 - World economics and International economic relations. - SHEE “Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University”.- Kyiv, 2011.

The dissertation is dedicated to the research of the evolution of growth and development of agricultural regulation in the EU. According to the principles of historicism, programmability, and regulation of the economic environment, seven periods of the evolution of approaches of the leader-states to the regulation of agriculture were defined. The necessity of state intervention in the functioning of agriculture, based on the special characteristics of instability particular for this sector such as seasonal production, high price and limited timing of storage of output, high dependency on the climatic and weather conditions, monopolistic tendencies in the related industries of machinery, fertilizer, storage and processing, was justified. The main agricultural models- liberal, protectionist and multifunctional, that have been implemented in the postindustrial countries were emphasized. The main objectives, mechanisms and instruments of state regulation of the agrarian sector by the methodic of the OECD and the WTO were analyzed. The basic factors, such as degradation of environment, excess budget costs, controversial issues with the developing countries, inability to guarantee adequate incomes to all the farmers, and tendencies of transformation of agricultural sector regulation in the leader-states, such as ecologization of agricultural production, decrease in total budget support, liberalization of international trade in agricultural commodities and promotion of rural development, were disclosed. Using the econometric partial equilibrium model the results of export subsidies and direct support on farmers, consumer and tax-payers in both domestic and foreign countries were defined.

In the dissertation the evolution of mechanisms and instruments of agricultural sector regulation in the EU was systematically researched. It was detected that the main priorities of increasing production and limiting foreign competition of the early stage of the Common agricultural policy changed substantially. The formation of a multifunctional agricultural model of the EU, which is based on principles of sustainable development and includes farmers income support, flattening the fluctuations of market prices for agricultural commodities, ecologization of agricultural production, guaranteeing food safety for the European consumers, promoting the rural development and extends to such principles of dotations as cross-compliance, modulation and financial discipline was substantiated. Basing on the in-depth analyses of the EU budget spent on supporting the agriculture, particularly the European agricultural guarantee fund and the European agricultural fund for rural development, the main net-donors and net-recipients of financial resources were excreted and the increase of complementarity in financing costs of the proceedings of the common agricultural policy of the union is proved.

Basing on the research of the current state of agricultural regulation in Ukraine, the key factors which restrain the efficient development of the domestic agricultural production, particularly the inadequate domestic demand for agricultural commodities, strong market power of intermediary, price disparity between machinery and fertilizer and agricultural goods, instability of land ownership affairs, were identified. It was proved that in order to increase efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture and ensure food security of Ukraine, there is a necessity of convergence of Ukrainian agricultural model with the relevant one in the EU. The algorithm of harmonization of the Ukrainian agricultural model with the European one which consists of three main stages such as identification of basic components of modern multifunctional agricultural model of the EU, selection of basic directions of Ukrainian arrearage and introduction of main mechanisms and instruments of convergence, was worked out. The Spearman coefficient of ranks correlation for analyzing the link between consumption of basic agricultural commodities such as meat, fruits and grains and the level of medieval net income of citizens was used, which proved that one of the factors which caused disparity between development of crops and stockbreeding sectors is the low income level of Ukrainian consumers.

It was forecasted that the world food crisis will be deepened which will lead to the according enhancement of state intervention into the proportions of agricultural production for guaranteeing the food security for domestic population. Keywords: the EU, agricultural model, multifunctional agriculture, regulation of agriculture, the EU common agricultural policy, harmonization of agricultural policy.

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