Women’s entrepreneurship: а comparative study or Russia and Niger

Our results found that among all the opportunities mentioned above there are more non-financial supports than less financial one, which was confirmed in total by 77.5% for Russia out of 71 participants and a total of 54% out of 250 participants in Niger. Also concerning the obstacles, most of the them found in Russia with high percentages are: Cultural prejudices, fear of failure and success, financial literacy, and educational issues in the field of women entrepreneurship with respectively 22.5%, 22.5%, 21.1% and 18.3% out of 71 participants. However, in Niger the most dominants obstacles found were: Corruption, high taxes, unfair Government policies and fear of failure and success with respectively 40%, 22%, 16% and 10% out of 250 participants. Thus, having a look at all the research done about the opportunities including, personal findings, the theorical review about it and the results of our study, have come to the conclusion that Russia have more opportunities (financial and non-financial) than Niger. However, it is obvious that Niger has more obstacles than Russia because the country is landlock and is having a political instability these last 5 years with do not encourage women to increase their incomes like Russian once even if both have difficulties to do such.

From the comparison, because Russia has more opportunities than Niger, Niger can adopt practices from Russia such as reinforcing their educational system, creating network contacts, start-up incubators and accelerators, professional seminars and workshops for awareness and reduce the level of corruption. And Russia also can encourage young people be to engage in entrepreneurial activities as in Niger. However, both countries should improve their Governmental contribution and financial support to women entrepreneurs.

The novelty of our study is due to the fact that other news opportunities and financial supports were found which are not discuss in the previous study and so far this is the first comparative research conducting in Russia and Niger about women entrepreneurship opportunities and obstacles.

Our first limitation is that, this study was conducting only in the capital regions of Russia and Niger thus, our finding should not be generalized other countries because these findings are unique to these countries and studies that will be conducting in other countries may give different results. Our second limitation is related to the differences in our samples number, which is 250 for Niger and 71 for Russia, due to the coronavirus we were not able to get the same sample for both countries. entrepreneurship niger economic women

For future research, a study can be conducted including not only the capital regions of Russia and Niger with more samples, but also their far regions. A qualitative research can also be conducted thus may give different results.



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Appendix

Questionnaire for Interview

Can you tell me about please about yourself (studies, university, age, nationality) and the experiences you had before creating your own business?

Can you tell me about your business and how it works?

As a woman, why did you choose to become entrepreneur- some of the factors that pushed you to start your own business instead of looking for a job?

Having your business set now, do you have some success stories to share with us (about this business)?

According to you what are the specifics of Russian females who are running companies?

Within the experiences you got in women entrepreneurs' field, what are the opportunities these women have in Russia to make their business successful?

What about the obstacles they faced that can hamper the success of their start-ups?

Do Russian entrepreneurs' women have some financial supports that could help them start or run their businesses?

What are their managerial implications in running start-ups?

Do they benefit from network or international alliances that will give them the chance to grow on an international plan, to expand?

Which advices do you have for women entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs in order to motivate them to engage in venture?

Thanks very much for your Time!!!!

Russian Interviewees

Interview report about Nadya's start-up (SKM TRACKING = Motion capture system)

Person interviewed: Nadya Kukovyakina

Interviewer: Issa Adamou Djelika

Me: Can you tell me about please about yourself (studies and others) and the experiences you had before creating your own business?

Nadya: My full name is Nadya Kukovyakina, am 24 years. I come from near village and I studied Biotechnical system and technologies at Moscow power engineering institute. Before starting my business, I was doing my bachelor's degree when our thesis mentor suggested my co-founder and I if we would like to work on a project which can result in a start-up while writing our thesis. In 2016 we started but we don't know about the business part but only the technical part, so we started looking for materials, information, to find customers, investment, financial help, grants, events and competitions to drive our business. However we realised that we needed a team to divide the tasks and run the start-up efficiently therefore we asked students on our campus who would like to join us, of course we got some but we had to train them because they don't have experiences. We found our first acceleration programme which helped us to understand more the business part of start-up and pushed us to meet and talk to our potential clients in order to know their needs and build our project according to their needs because it is a links start-up and that is the right way to not waste our time.

Me: Can you tell me about your business and how it works?

Nadya: As I said our business is about motion capture, so we take some hardware part and software part and we integrate these two systems in our product which is motion capture. The hardware part can not work without the software part for the motion capture. This hardware part work to understand where a person is located in an area, but it is estimated about 1 to 2 metres but in motion capture we talk about millimetres maximum 1 centimetre. As we are doing software, we are licensing them to our potential's clients (integrators or VR zone (second segment) or cinema (first segment).

Me: As a woman, why did you choose to become entrepreneur- some of the factors that pushed you to start your own business instead of looking for a job?

Nadya: I did because I love challenges, even when I was at university, however hard a course is or hard a teacher is, I always try to understand and solve my problems with all my efforts, that was the reason why when our mentor suggested us to start a business I said yes because I like challenges then I was studying and doing the project at the same moment. Also, my parents both are managers and leaders, so it is like an inheritance.

Me: Having your business set now, do you have some success stories to share with us (about this business)?

Nadya: Our project itself is a success story if we looked at where we came from, we are still developing our project, product not as fast as we taught but it is with high demand actually, so the best is to come.

Me: According to you what are the specifics of Russian females who are running companies?

Nadya: There are no big differences between Russian entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs from others countries, the only difference is about the relationship that connect people because I don't feel rejected as a woman contrary years by years I found positive aspects that confirmed the advantages of being woman entrepreneurs. I always have support from my adviser, thesis mentors and technical director when I want to make important decision. I won't make it if I were alone, it is meaningful to have support from our team.

Me: Within the experiences you got in women entrepreneurs' field, what are the opportunities these women have in Russia to make their business successful?

Nadya: I know about tendency in the world of women entrepreneurs, in Russia too I know some school which help them, but I don't know a big number of women entrepreneurs. I also don't think there are specifics opportunities depending on gender but on qualifications, competences and how good, profitable your project is.

Me: What about the obstacles they faced that can hamper the success of their start-ups?

Nadya: I don't actually see any obstacles, if you have potentialities and an interesting project that is on market with high demand like ours there are not problems may be in the opposite way they may be problems of finding finance or investors. May be there is just a need to awareness raising of entrepreneurs through forums, meeting where some successful entrepreneurs can share their experiences and success stories with not only women but also students and young people to motivate them creating their start-up.

Me: Do Russian entrepreneurs' women have some supports and access to finance that could help them start or run their businesses?

Nadya: I don't know exactly for women but for all young entrepreneurs yes.

For us Moscow seed fund, Muma and Winno-moscow gave us investment and PR support and before we won competition in Russia called УМНИК(Smarter), from fund for development and innovation which is a governmental help with a grant of 500.000 roubles. We also did an acceleration program as a competition for money price. There are many kinds of supports for young scientists and young entrepreneurs. However, everything is concentrated in Moscow, in other cities of Russia there not so much help

Me: What are their managerial implications in running start-ups?

Nadya: It is true that men are strong, clever and can do many things that women cannot often do however women in general have managerial qualities, are qualified in many positions as men and build more a favourable atmosphere for work.

Me: Do they benefit from network or international alliances that will give them the chance to grow on an international plan, to expand?

Nadya: Network and international alliance is some part of the acceleration programs. Agreement association of virtual and reality is am association with different nationalities so we have the possibility to talk about market in different countries and how to expand, we can also collaborate to make a good product for international market. Conferences and events help also in this case mostly it is important because in a short time you can know about how many project are in your field or with the same the product in regions, countries and in the world and have the chance to exchange with different people, to know your current business level, status so that you will be able to positioned yourself.

Me: Which advices do you have for women entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs in order to motivate them to engage in venture?

Nadya: My motivational advice for young people is to be confident and to try when you have an idea, you don't have anything to lose by trying instead of fulfilling your dream. You will never know if it will work out if you did not try. Generally, there are two kinds of barriers in starting a business: lack of confidence and knowledge. If you are not confident you should look for people with the same problem as you then you can talk and try to find some solutions. And about the lack of knowledge you can find solutions with consulting companies, on internet, some sites and from successful entrepreneurs' stories.

Thanks very much for your Time!!!! Friday, 14^th February 2020

Wonderobe

Founder SVETLANA

A beautiful, intelligent, and humble 38 years old woman with three kids, who studied Economics and Management at Moscow aviation institute, she worked at Aeroflot Russian Airlines and Lufthansa German Airlines, where she was responsible for public relations. She also had two entrepreneurial experiences.

After all this, she is now running a business called Wonderobe, which is an AI-powered recommendation platform for apparel and fashion retailers and their customers.

History behind Wonderobe

She got the idea two years when she went to a store and liked some items but could not imagine how to match them to other clothes; then, she realized that a store could help with some advice to her and other people. Every single piece of clothes we buy in a physical store exists in an image. So, why retailers don't give a possibility to people to put their purchases into virtual wardrobes automatically and why not to suggest how to complete outfits combining existing clothes and a new collection of the brand.

So, she approached some retailers and convinced them about providing people with ready outfits in physical stores that could be checked out by smartphones of stores' visitors and afterward to send people some outfit recommendations to what they already bought. They did several pilots with fashion e-commerce and physical stores to check assumptions after they came to the result that sales increase, convert-rate increase, and average check increase also.

How did they check their assumptions?

While doing a pilot with an e-commerce partner, they made the so-called A/B test: they sent out the same outfit recommendations to two groups of people: the A group people had some clothes included in outfits suggested, and the B group didn't have. As a result, the A group people showed results in sales much better than B. Also, they did some pilots in physical stores. Afterward, Svetlana and the team started developing the chatbot which works with Facebook, Viber, Telegram, and VK messengers. The business was established in 2018.

Acceleration program

They did two acceleration programs. One with WINNO in 2018 and the second with HSE in 2019 (She likes the accelerators because, according to her, there are a lot of open-minded people and accelerators give great opportunities to start a business even if you have nothing or no idea of how to do that).

Actual status of the business

They want to complete a piloting solution in Moscow with local retailers, but this year 2020, they want more to be in Europe and the USA to build a great platform connecting brands and people worldwide. They are also applying for international accelerators and sell abroad via cold emailing to relevant retailers and participating in exhibitions.

Support sources in the business

WINNO (with acceleration program very helpful and useful)

HSE (with acceleration program very helpful and useful)

GOVERNMENT (from which she got 3 million for RND)

FAMILY (quite strong)

Message to all women entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs who want to engage in start-ups

Whoever you are, man, woman, whatever your sex is, if you have ideas of creating a business, try, and act little by little and see the results; if it does not work, then change your strategy and start over.

Success is not for those who are super smart but for those who never give up.

The article was written by the student Issa

Adamou Djelika of The National research

University-Higher School Of economics

Intern in Winno - Moscow 2020

MY 2020 THESIS SURVEYTop of Form

Women in entrepreneurship

Monsieur / Madame: in order to contribute to improving the socio-economic conditions of women and help them learn more about the opportunities they have when starting a new small business, we are conducting a study on"women's entrepreneurship: a comparative study of Russia and Niger". Survey this will take no more than 5 minutes of your time.The research we are conducting is part of a master's degree thesis in the field of business development strategies: management and consulting. We assure you of the confidentiality of your information, the use of which will only be used for academic purposes; please answer the questions asked.

I IDENTIFICATION

1. Age *

18 to 25 years old

26 to 35 years old

36 and more

2. Marital status *

Single

In civil partnership

Married

Divorced

Widowed

3. Level of education *

Primary

Secondary

Bachelor

Master

Specialist

PhD or C.Sc. or D.Sc.

II UNDERTAKEN ACTIVITIES AND TRAINING RECEIVE

4. What kind of activity are you doing? *

Commerce

Breeding

Crafts

Restaurant

Customer service

IT

E. Commerce

Other please specify

5. Why did you choose this activity? *

It is profitable

To survive

I have experience in the field

Innovation

I had no other option

6. Have you been professionally trained to carry out this activity? *

Yes

No

If so, what was the organizer?

Department

The chamber of commerce

NGOs

Training Association of entrepreneurs (private or public)

Acceleration program

7. What was the purpose of the training?

Assembly and project management

Transformation of products

Marketing

Project management

8. Do you have any difficulties to increase your income? *

Yes

No

9. What do you need to be more successful in your business? *

Having access to bank loans

Improving the legal framework for women's cases

Review taxes downwards (

Create a framework to support women's businesses

III SOURCES OF FUNDING

10. Where did you get the money to start your business? *

Tontine

Personnel savings

Help from parents

Bank credit

Finance from organization

11. In your opinion, what is the quickest way to get a bank loan? *

Having relationships with banks

Present a reliable and cost-effective project

Corrupting officers in charge of reviewing the files

12. Do you belong to an association of entrepreneurs? *

Yes

No

IV MONITORING AND EVALUATIONS OF ACTIVITY

13. Does the ministry support you in the follow-up and training? *

Often

Always

Sometimes

Occasionally

Never

V ASSESSMENT OF THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

14. Legal texts are favorable to the creation of a business. *

Absolutely unfavorable

Rather unfavorable

Neither favorable nor unfavorable

Rather favorable

Absolutely favorable

15. Are taxes favorable for women entrepreneurs in your country? *

Yes

No

Do not know/ затрудняюсь ответить

VI Please select from these opportunities the most available for women entrepreneurs.

16. Financial and non financial support (up to 3 choices) *

Network contacts

Start-up Incubators and accelerators

Foreign Markets

Support from government and society

Professional Seminars and Workshops for awareness

Financial Support

Legal policies

Making documentation and processes easy

More advancement in technology to make it user friendly

Other please specify

VII In your opinion, what are the obstacles that most hinder women in the creation of their start-ups? Choose the most influential ones, please.

17. Obstacles faced by women entrepreneurs (choose up to 3) *

Educational issues

Financial literacy

Corruption

Cultural prejudices

Fear of failure and success (

High taxes

High interest rate from Banks

Lack of knowledge and experiences

Unfair Government policies

Lack of Network contacts

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