Passive voice
Concept of the concept of voice in languages. Active voice and passive voice syntactically, semantically and pragmatically viewed. Voice and related concept. Passive Voice in English. Passive Constructions in Vietnamese. Dependent and Independent verbs.
| Ðóáðèêà | Èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè è ÿçûêîçíàíèå |
| Âèä | êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà |
| ßçûê | àíãëèéñêèé |
| Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ | 31.05.2014 |
| Ðàçìåð ôàéëà | 50,5 K |
Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå
Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.
The contrast between the English passive constructions and the Vietnamese ones are in three areas: Syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
Syntactic similarity
Syntactically, the passive constructions in English and Vietnamese share two common features.
+ The identical function of grammar between the object in active and the subject of the corresponding passive.
+The optional part expressing the agent in English and in Vietnamese.
Syntactic difference
+The Vietnamese passive sentences need some adjuncts, adverbs showing circumstances, manner...to be natural in use.
+The English noun phrase passivization is based on the movement of the by -phrase, the insertion of possessive markers of and's. The Vietnamese ones, on the other hand, do need the presence of subordinators such as sù, viÖc and other subordinators.
Semantic similarity
+The same features of semantic roles of the passive subjects.
Semantic difference
+ Firstly, subjectivity in Vietnamese passive sentences with “BÞ”, “®îc” expressions agaist the objectivity in English passive construction
+ The choice between animate/ inanimate noun, instrumental/ non-instrumental nouns, serving/ served person acting as the subject in the Vietnamese sentences partly decide the type of sentence being active, neutral or passive.
+ Two different groups of transitive verbs rarely used in the passive in two languages. The Vietnamese transitive verbs often are the spiritual transitive verbs while the English ones often are the possessive ones.
Pragmatic similarity,
+The information structure: The choice of passive constructions in the two languages allows the given information preceding the new information.
Pragmatic difference
+ The English non - agent sentences: S + BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE have the following Vietnamese equivalents:
- Passive constructions (non- agent passive constructions)
- The special equivalents: existential structure
- Possessive structures, impersonal structures beginning with Ngêi ta, Ta, Hä, Chóng ta, --- Imperative structures beginning with H·y or with Transitive verbs.
+ The English agent -including passive construction S + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE+BY PHRASE, the feature of non-agent promotion/ agent being the late news is expressed in Vietnamese with the following structures:
- Causative structures with do, b»ng ,bëi with the emphasis markers chÝnh do,chÝnh bëi.Existential structure with cã, special sentences with prepositional phrases
From one English passive structure, there are several corresponding Vietnamese passive constructions. The explanation comes from both linguistic and extra- linguistic factors like the difference in types of verb (transitive /intransitive), the difference in idiomatic expressions and others in two languages.
The implication of the study is to help the learners obtain the most logical concept of Vietnamese passive. For Vietnamese learners, the awareness of the difference is helpful especially in the translation from Vietnamese into English.
The thesis have not covered all areas connected with the passive voice usage like thematic structures, cultural factors. I hope that these issues will be investigated in further research.
Bibliography
(In English)
1. Asher, R.E. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics: Volume 6-9.New York: Pergamon Press.
2. Borsley, R. 1999. Syntactic Theory. New York: Oxford University Express, Inc.
3. Borsley, R.D. (1999) A unified Approach. London Arnold Edword.
4. §en, NguyÔn V¨n (2003) The negative Effect of the Vietnamese Words “bÞ” and “®îc” on the Formation of English Passives. M.A thesis.
5. Eastwood, J. (1992) Oxford Practice Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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7. Haliday, M.A.K (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edword Anord.
8. Herold, R. (1986) A quatitativeStudy of the altenation between Be- passive and Get passive, paper read at the XVth NWAVE Conference, Stanford university, October 1986(ms)
9. HiÒn, Vò ThÞ Minh (2000). The contrastive analysis of Passive voice between English & Vietnamese equivalents. M.A thesis.
10. Jonh East Wood. (1994) Oxford Guide to English Grammar. Oxford University press .
11. Lakoff, R. (1971) Passive resistance, CLS no 7. Chicago: Chicago linguistics society
12. Leech, G and Svartvik, J. (1992). A communicative Grammar of English. Longman Group UK ltd.
13. Murphy, R. (1985). English Grammar in use. Cambridge Univesity press.
14. NguyÔn §×nh Hoµ (1996). Pasivization in Vietnamese. Southern Illinois University
15. Palmos, F. (1995) The sorrow of war. Great Britain: Reed Consumer Books Ltd.
16. Quirk, R. and GreenBaum. S. (1973) A university Grammar of English. Hongkong: Longman Group Ltd.
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20. Sinclair, J. et al. (1990). Collins Cobuild English Grammar. Glasgow: Harpercollins Publishers.
21. Swan, M. (1997) Practical English Usage. Oxford University
22. Thomson L.C (1965) A Vietmese Grammar. Eatle and London: University of Washington Press.
23. Thomson, A.J. &Martinet, A.V. (1986). A practical English grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
24. Twain, Mark. The adventures of Tomsoyor. Germany :Seven seas Publisher
Bibliography
(in Vietnamese)
25. NguyÔn ThÞ ¶nh (2000) TiÕng ViÖt cã th¸i bÞ ®éng kh«ng? T¹p chÝ ng«n ng÷, sè 5/2000.
26. DiÖp Quang Ban and NguyÔn ThÞ ThuËn (2000) L¹i bµn vÒ vÊn ®Ò c©u bÞ ®éng trong TiÕng ViÖt. T¹p chÝ ng«n ng÷ sè 7/2000.
27. DiÖp Quang Ban . (1998). Ng÷ ph¸p tiÕng ViÖt. Hµ Néi: NXBGD.
28. Lª Biªn (1991). TiÕng ViÖt: Tõ lo¹i TiÕng ViÖt hiÖn ®¹i. Hµ Néi: §HSP.
29. NguyÔn ThiÖn Gi¸p (1996). DÉn luËn ng«n ng÷. NXBGD
30. Cao Xu©n H¹o (2002) TiÕng ViÖt s¬ th¶o ng÷ ph¸p chøc n¨ng, Volumn I. TP. Hå ChÝ Minh: Nxb KHXH.
31. Nguþ Méng HuyÒn & Hoµng Ph¬ng (2003). Cuéc phiªu lu cña Tomsoyor. Hµ Néi: Nhµ xuÊt b¶n V¨n häc.
32. NguyÔn V¨n Léc (2000). C¸c m« h×nh kÕt trÞ cña ®éng tõ tiÕng ViÖt. Research paper.
33. Lª V¨n Lý. (1968). S¬ th¶o ng÷ ph¸p tiÕng ViÖt. Trung t©m häc liÖu Bé Gi¸o dôc.
34. B¶o Ninh (2004) Th©n phËn t×nh yªu. Hµ néi: Nhµ xuÊt b¶n phô n÷.
35. Hoµng Träng PhiÕn (1980). Ng÷ Ph¸p TiÕng ViÖt: C©u. Hµ Néi: NXB §H & THCN.
36. Lª Xu©n Th¹i (1989). C©u bÞ ®éng trong TiÕng ViÖt. T¹p chÝ ng«n ng÷ sè 2/1989.
37. Lª Xu©n Th¹i (1989). C©u bÞ ®éng trong tiÕng ViÖt. Ng«n ng÷, 3, 13-15.
38. NguyÔn Kim Th¶n (1999). §éng tõ tiÕng ViÖt. NXB KHXH.
39. Hoµng V¨n V©n (2000). Ng÷ ph¸p kinh nghiÖm cña có TiÕng ViÖt m« t¶ theo quan ®iÓm chøc n¨ng hÖ thèng. Hµ néi: Trêng §¹i häc Quèc gia.
40. Hoµng V¨n V©n. (1991). Ng÷ ph¸p kinh nghiÖm cña có tiÕng ViÖt_M« t¶ theo quan ®iÓm chøc n¨ng hÖ thèng. Hµ Néi: §HQG.
Appendices
Examples of passive constructions in the novel The sorrow of war translated from the original novel Th©n phËn t×nh yªu by B¶o Ninh.
|
English 1.They war forgotten by peace , damaged or impassable… … 2. Where they park beside a wide creek clogged with rooting branches 3. His Battalion 27 was surrounded and almost totally wiped out 4. The diamond - shaped grass was piled with high bodies killed by helicopters 5. Numerous souls of ghosts and devils were born in that deadly defeat 6. From then on it was called the Jungle of Screaming 7. The sobbing whispers were heard deep in the jungle at night.. 8. Kien was told that.. 9. Living here one could go mad or be frightened to death 10. …but after the fight the soldiers were still terrified.. 11. Gradually the entire regiment was wiped out.. 12. Kien regiment had been based on this very sport for nearly two months 13. The world is divided into three camps 14. Still, the scouts were treated lightly , not being pressured as much as others to attend the indoctrination sessions 15. Two different ages, two worlds, yet written on the same page of life 16. Endless landscape was coved with deadly silence or isolated ,sporadic gunfire 17. At the end of the wet season the echoes of cannon fires could be heard a hundred kilometers away.. 18. That autumn was sad , prolonged by the rain 19. Orders came for food rations to be sharply reduced 20. Since being recruited, he had been nicknamed “sorrowful spirit” 21. It is raining heavily in the north, “...” The radio says it has never rained as hard. My restrict must be flooded now 22. Only Tu had fought together with Kien to the Gate no 5of Saigon' Tan Son Nhat airport. Then Tu was killed 23. When we are demobed, I will stop driving 24. People have evacuated 25.. to avoid stabbing with bayonets but I have got used to it 26. He had originally been sentenced to death, then had that reduced to a life sentence, then to twenty years. Bao did not look like a criminal; 28. We must keep our best seeds, otherwise all will be destroyed.. 29. I know you are scared of being killed 30. Their chaotic minds,their trouble speed revealed how cruelly they are twisted and tortured by war 31. Who was left to help her? I could have been exemted as the only son left… 32. It is you not me who has been chosen for the offices' course and being sent back 33. Leaving a helpless old mother , exposed to hardships 34. The commanding offiers issued specific orders for Can to be traced.. 35. After some final touches with the shovel their graves would be done … 36. Kien had been unfortunatedly not been included in this ambience of love… 37. The next morning the matter was not mentioned… 38. The farm house had been abandoned… 39. It looks empty and innocent but in fact it is crowed 40. So many blood so many lives were sacrified for what? 41. Our era is finished 42. The hope is contained in the beautiful pre-war past 43. That wonderful period has been heartlessly extinguished 44. Near a flight of steps, almost obscured by wild flowers and shrubs… 45. So many recruits used to be based in my house 46. If the name are changed we can really tell the truth 47. Any where people were jamped up close together and force to share thaier lives 48. The tap trickled, drop by drop, every story was told 49. It is true love ,something that canot be easily hidden 50. Not once had she been seen to smile at her neighbours 51. The words she longed to say would never be voiced |
Vietnamese 1. C¸c ng¶ ®êng trong rõng vÉn cßn ®ang lÇy léi , h n¸t , bÞ hßa b×nh bá hoang, hÇu nh kh«ng thÓ qua l¹i ®îc 2. Xe ®Ëu bªn bê suèi phñ ®Çy cñi môc 3. TiÓu ®oµn 27 ….®· bÞ bao v©y råi bÞ tiªu diÖt mÊt hoµn toµn phiªn hiÖu 4. Trªn c¸i tr¶ng h×nh thoi ë gi÷a tru«ng…th©n thÓ giËp vì, tanh bµnh… 5.V« khèi hån ma ra ®êi trong trËn b¹i vonh Êy hiÖn vÉn lang thang kh¾p c¸c xã xØnh .. 6. C¸i tru«ng nói vÉn v« danh tõ bÊy cã tªn lµ gäi hån 7. TiÕng nãi cña nh÷ng hån hoang binh lÝnh mµ ngêi câi d¬ng ta cã thÓ nghe thÊy.. 8. Kiªn nghe kÓ lµ… 9. Sèng ë ®©y cã thÓ ®iªn lªn hoÆc chÐt rò v× khiÕp sî 10. …song lÝnh tr¸ng ta vÉn rÊt h·i 11. Vµ lÇn lît , kÕ tiÕp nhau hÇu hÕt trung ®éi ®· bá m×nh.. 12. Trung ®oµn cña Kiªn ®· cã gÇn hai th¸ng trêi th¶ neo ë ®©y 13. ThÕ giíi chia lµm ba phe.. 14. C¸nh trinh s¸t con cng bao giê còng ®îc nÓ v×, Ýt bÞ èp häc.. 15. Cïng lµ mét trang cuéc ®êi mµ lµ hai thÕ giíi hai thêi ®¹i.. 16. Cuéc chiÕn cã vÎ nh bÞ vïi lÊp trong biÓn mªnh m«ng mï mÞt ma 17. Trong ma ®¹i b¸c vang dÒn thóc déi ra ngoµi tr¨m dÆm 18. Mïa thu n·o nÒ lª thª, mïa ma Èm ít 19. KhÈu phÇn thøc ¨n gi¶m ghª gím 20. BiÖt hiÖu thÇn sÇu ph¶i mang tõ håi míi nhËp ngò… 21. “Ngoµi B¾c ®ang ma to l¾m,“…” ®µi hä loan thÕ, b¶o lµ ma to cha tõng thÊy. Quª t«i l¹i lôt mÊt.” 22. ChØ cã Tõ lµ cïng Kiªn ®¸nh ®Õn cöa sè 5 s©n bay T©n S¬n NhÊt råi míi hi sinh” 23. Gi¶i ngò,t«i sÏ th«i l¸i 24. ThËt ®óng lµ ch¼ng bót lùc nµo t¶ næi t©m tr¹ng cu¶ Kien trªn ®êng phi vÒ phè nhµ, song còng ch¼ng bót nµo t¶ xiÕt t©m tr¹ng thÊt väng ,®Êt sôt díi ch©n khi anh vµo tíi s©n. §i s¬ t¸n hÕt c¶ råi 25. T«i t nhñ tr¸nh giÕt ng¬× b»ng dao ..nhng mµ quen tay mÊt råi 26. Ph¹m téi giÕt ngêi l·nh ¸n tö h×nh h¹ xuèng chung th©n (B¶o) ë tï hai m¬i n¨m mµ B¶o kh«ng cã vÎ g× lµ mét phÇn tö nh vËy 28. Ph¶i gi÷ gièng kh«ng th× tiÖt 29. Ai mµ muèn chÕt thùc thÕ 30. T©m hån bÊn läan, ng«n ng÷ ®éc tho¹i rèi mï, hä bÞ thùc c¶nh chiÕn tranh ®Çy ¶i tµn nhÉn lµm suy sôp s©u s¾c c¶ thÓ x¸c vµ tinh thÇn 31. §¸ng lÏ t«i ®îc miÔn coi nh con ®éc.. 32. Kh«ng thÎ nÊn n¸ v× suÊt häc sü quan lµ cña anh 33. Bá l¹i sau lng c¶nh mÑ giµ mµn trêi chiÕu ®Êt 34. Riªng trêng hîp Can trªn vÉn truy lïng r¸o riÕt 35. Sau nh÷ng nh¸t xÎng ®Êy huyÖt tèi t¨m lé ra, vµ lan h¬i thë cuèi cung cña ngêi ®· khuÊt 36. Ch¼ng may anh ®· ë vµo sè mét vµi ngêi bÞ cuéc t×nh Êy xa l¸nh 37. S¸ng h«m sau c¶ ThÞnh c¶ Thanh ch¶ ®¶ ®éng g× ®Õn chuyÖn håi ®ªm 38. Khu tr¹i t¨ng gia bÞ bá quyªn bªn bê th¸c níc 39. Tr«ng hoang vu thÕ th«i chø díi kia ngêi n»m ®· ®«ng chËt c¶ råi 40. Bao nhiªu x¬ng m¸u ®· ®æ ra 41. Thêi ®¹i cña c¸nh ta ®· hÕt råi 42. TÊt c¶ ®· mÊt h¼n mÊt hót mét c¸ch kh«ng th¬ng tiÕc 43. C¶nh vËt y nguyªn nh thÓ bÞ thêi gian bá sãt 44. Bªn thÒm gi÷a bôi c©y hoang tµn.. 45. Bao nhiªu lît t©n binh ®· vÒ ®ãng ë nhµ em 46. ChØ cÇn ®ång chÝ h cÊumét c¸i tªn cho t«i vµ bµ nhµ t«i 47. Hµng ngµy sèng chen chóc quÇn tô trong ng«i nhµ nhiÒu hé nµy 48. Cßn thiÕu g× chuyÖn ..mµ Kiªn cha ®îc nghe 49. Gi÷a hä râ rµng lµ t×nh yªu cha cã ph¶i lµ t×nh g× ®©u mµ che giÊu næi 50. Cha hÒ ban cho ai mét lêi chµo hái gäi lµ 51.Muèn nãi thªm mét ®iÒu g× mµ kh«ng bao giê nãi |
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