Індоєвропейська лексика

Вивчення діахронічних процесів семантичного розвитку лексики, когнітивних аспектів еволюції різних структурних рівнів індоєвропейських мов за допомогою порівняльно-історичного методу. Тенденції розвитку сучасного порівняльно-історичного мовознавства.

Рубрика Иностранные языки и языкознание
Вид диссертация
Язык украинский
Дата добавления 22.06.2014
Размер файла 39,8 K

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The concept of the Indo-European s-mobile has been modified in compliance with the optimality theory and is considered by the author to be a member of the system of the word-formative affixes. In the Proto-Indo-European and common Germanic and Slavonic languages, these affixes had been undergoing the process of permanent changes in the speech caused by various phonetic, morphological and phonetic-syntactical conditions.

The analysis of the peculiarities in the semantic development of the reflexes of the Indo-European root archetype (S)KER(T)- carried out in the second chapter of the thesis, shows the extreme compositional diversity of the families of the Indo-European words derived from the roots of this type. The categories of lexical units that have been established include words which denote various static and dynamic, reflexive and causal aspects of the actions of twisting, bending, and rotating and their consequences. Among the sixteen groups into which the reflexes of the Indo-European root archetype (S)KER(T)- have been divided, nine groups include the lexical units denoting dynamic aspects of indirect movements (weaving, twisting; running; bending; bouncing, blowing; rotating; scattering; tightening, drying up, withering; curling, compressing). The seven remaining groups consist of Indo-European words representing the static aspect of the indirect movements (elements of relief; elements of architectural and household items; rounded items; body parts; defects of an organism; elements of flora and fauna; deception, complications). The wide spectrum of meanings peculiar to the reflexes of the root archetype (S)KER(T)- is explained by the mobility of the seme of crookedness and by the polyvalence of the actions of twisting, bending, rotation in material and spiritual culture of the Indo-Europeans.

The study of the reflexes of the Indo-European root archetype (S)KER(T)- helped to reveal the number of lexical units that represent a zone of the semantic field transition, i.e. can be interpreted either as a reflex of *(s)ker- `bend' or *(s)ker- `cut', for example, Slav. *krivъ() `curved'. The lexical units of this kind are used to substantiate the hypothesis concerning the semantic syncretism of the meanings `bend' and `cut'.

The Indo-European root variants with the root archetype (S)KER(T)- `bend, curve, twist, rotate' served as the basis for some meanings and common and proper geographic names (those of rivers, hills) in the Indo-European languages. By means of metaphoric and metonymic semantic transposition the notion of crookedness, and protuberance was fixed in the names of hydronymic and toponymic objects, thus reflecting the configurational properties of these relief elements.

The realisation of the nomination and semantic motivation models based on the principle of taboo is characterised by the actualisation of pejorative (vs. meliorative) meanings. The reflexes of the Indo-European root archetype (S)KER(T)-, the meanings of which were developed due to the taboo mechanism, are represented by the negative symbolic words denoting diabolic entities and their destructive actions, some body parts and bodily functions, diseases, names of the deceased, and insanity.

Key words: Indo-European reflexes, Indo-European root archetypes, Indo-European root variants, semantic syncretism, thematic groups of the Indo-European vocabulary, metaphor, metonymy, taboo.

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