Етикетизація англо-американського наукового дискурсу

Ключові слова: етикетизація, англо-американський науковий дискурс, персуазивність, текстуальний та інтерперсональний, культура, стратегії й тактики етикетизації, модуляції категоричності та некатегоричності, декодування інформації, хеджінг, линеарність.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Ильченко О.М. Этикетизация англо-американского научного дискурса. - Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора филологических наук: специальность 10.02.04 - германские языки. Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко. Киев, 2002.

В диссертации исследуется этикетизация современного англо-американского научного дискурса как специфическая функционально-коммуникативная категория, при помощи которой реализуется персуазивная интенция адресанта в плане повышения эффективности коммуникации. К средствам выражения категории этикетизации относятся текстуальные структурно-композиционные и интерперсональные коммуникативные единицы, ряду которых свойственна культурная специфика, а также невербальные визуально-риторические средства. К языковым средствам передачи этикетизации принадлежат аппроксиматоры, индикаторы эпистемической модальности, уступки и противопоставления, некатегоричного отрицания, условий, средства выражения деперсонализации, волюнтативной и деонтической модальности, а также оценочные и эмоционально-экспрессивные номинации, риторические вопросы и гипофоры. Этикетизация передается при помощи модуляций категоричности и некатегоричности номинаций с тяготением к некатегоричности на уровнях слова, предложения и текста, а также посредством структурирования текста. К стратегиями этикетизации относятся: "уменьшение" воздействия на адресата, вуалирование негативного мнения, проявление солидарности с адресатом, привлечение его внимания, упрощение декодирования информации. Данные стратегии реализуются в ряде тактик.

Ключевые слова: этикетизация, англо-американский научный дискурс, персуазивность, текстуальный и интерперсональный, культура, стратегии и тактики этикетизации, модуляции категоричности и некатегоричности, декодирование информации, хеджинг, линеарность.

ABSTRACT

Ilchenko O.M. Etiquettization in Anglo-American Scientific Discourse. Manuscript.

Dissertation for a doctoral degree in philology: speciality 10.02.04 - Germanic Languages. - Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. - Kyiv, 2002.

The present dissertation addresses etiquette issues of Anglo-American scientific prose from the perspective of discourse expectations of a native English-speaking scholar. Etiquettization is discussed in light of modern theories of discourse as social interaction and as structure and process.

It is argued that etiquettization is a specific functional-communicative category expressed through the interplay of textual and interpersonal elements that may have culture-specific flavor. Etiquettization is employed by an addressor to fulfill his or her persuasive intention through modulations of categoricity and non-categoricity of nominations and special text structuring in view of information decoding facilitation, and is considered to be an essential component of written scientific communication.

Several etiquettization strategies are employed in the language of science: conveying "restraint", implicit expressing of negative statements, conveying solidarity with the addressee, attracting the reader's attention, information decoding facilitating. The strategies are pursued through a number of tactics: minimizing imposition on the addressee, reducing assurance of the truth of the author's statements, accepting implicitly addressee's point of view, expressing reservation, minimizing social distance between the author and the addressee, asking indirectly for addressee's permission, impersonalizing the utterances, implying alternative approaches, expressing assurance of the truth of information, cushioning negative and categorical statements, using "diplomatic" language, conveying modesty, complimenting the addressee, clarifying, presenting additional information, structuring the text to help the reader decode information. It is shown that the combination of various strategies rather than the use of a single strategy is characteristic of present-day Anglo-American scientific prose.

Etiquettization means include verbal markers of impersonalization, concession and contrast, non-categorical negation, epistemic, volitional, deontic modality, axiological nominations, intensifiers, rhetorical questions, hypophoras, linearity means, acknowledgements, thanks, dedications, referring, as well as non-verbal visual rhetoric elements.

The corpus-based study of etiquette means in basic (purely theoretical), applied, and both basic and applied published research texts reveals that such hedges as approximators and epistemic modality indicators are most frequent in Anglo-American scientific discourse. They are followed by linearity, impersonalization, deontic and volitional modality markers. Overall, verbal etiquettization elements are most frequent in applied research writings. The results of the study demonstrate clear signs of disciplinary and genre variation of etiquettization means in question.

Various hedging devices (somewhat; possibly; rather; however; on the other hand; not impossible etc.) play an important role in interpersonal communication since they help mitigate the statements that otherwise would sound as overly categorical claim making. Hedges in scientific discourse imply primarily tentativeness and possible alternative interpretations. On the other hand, the combination of hedges and boosters produces a balanced categoricity and non-categoricity modulations effect, though Anglo-American scientific discourse still tends to be non-categorical rather than definitive and categorical one.

The abundance of reader-friendly textual linearity markers (e.g. we first discuss; we then present; we conclude by; in other words; in sum) helps disclose the author's intentions, maintain clear structural pattern, and eventually facilitates information decoding by the addressee. Such structuring is argued to be a characteristic feature of Anglo-American "intellectual style" that reflects culture-specific ways of turning thoughts into language, namely, in written discourse.

Emphasized here are culture specific etiquette means, including linearity, enantiosemy, evaluations and modality indicators. Special attention is paid to such words as apparently, eventually, interesting, challenging, aggressive, and argue. The markers of the addressor's personal voice are also examined.

The rhetorical use of etiquettization language elements is also explored.

Clustering of etiquettization means is viewed as an important trait of Anglo-American "intellectual style". For that matter, of special importance are the combinations of several epistemic modality indicators (might seem; would likely/probably etc.), and modulations of categoricity and non-categoricity of nominations (e.g. clear sign(s); it certainly seems likely) that suggest Anglo-American scientific discourse specificity. Various clustering patterns, as well as discourse modulations of categoricity and non-categoricity on the levels of a word, sentence, and text are elucidated and discussed.

Adequate employment of etiquettization means is argued to be an important element of communicative competence, essential part of advanced "academic literacy" as a vital cultural knowledge required for success in academic community, and one of the prerequisites for a non-native English speaking scholar's recognition by Anglo-American scientific community.

The dissertation suggests theoretical and practical perspectives and directions for future research.

Key words: etiquettization, scientific discourse, persuasion, textual and interpersonal, culture, etiquettization strategies and tactics, modulations of categoricity and non-categoricity, information decoding, hedging, linearity.

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