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, , , , .

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1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.

2.1

2.2

: , , . , . . .

, , , .

.

- .

- .

:

1. , .

2. .

3. .

. . , .., . . , . . , .. .

1.

1.1

, , , " ".

, . . .

"" , . . , , . "". , . , , , "" , , , ".

"" , .

, , , , , , . , . [ 1989 : 34].

:

1) , : , , , ;

2) , ;

3) ;

4) ( -- ) , ( , , , . .);

5) .

:

- ( -- ),

- ( , , ),

- ( , , ),

- ( ) . .

( ) http://tapemark.narod.ru/les/129a.html, . [ 1965: 3].

. , ( , ). , , .

1.2

. . , . , , 6 : ( + ), ( + ), ( V>N N> V), ( - -),( , ) . : ( feed food); (murmur), - (cuckoo,splash) , , , (tip-top ,hocus-pocus) . - , . [ 1956 : 87]

, . , , . , , (courageous, friendly, dictation, etc.), (anti-missile, postwar, disengage, etc.). , , , . , , (kingdom, earldom, freedom, officialdom, etc.). - (-fy, -er, -izer), - (-or, -ous), . , , + . - .

- , + , . (cowboy, blackboard, spaceship,etc.), (penholder, match-maker, baby-sitter). , (eye-brow, sunrise, schoolgirl), (handicraft, tradesman, mother- of- pearl). . , whitewash blackboard , .

, . , , to finger finger, to elbow elbow, etc. [ 1989 : 144]

, . , , [ 1959 : 14].

, . , : to host (a party) - to be a host (at a party); to elbow (one's way through the crowd) - to use one's elbow for the purpose; etc. N > V , : fish - to fish; skin - to skin; etc.

, , , , . , , , , .

- . , write - writer; work - worker; paint - painter burgle - burglar. , , : burglar , , burgle, . , flight-test flight-testing baby-sit baby-sitting. lose, laser (light amplification of stimulated emission of radiation). , , , , -- "-".

, , , - . , ( ). , , . , , - () () . (Euroshima < Europe + Hiroshima). (motel < motorist + hotel). , , -, ( blending; , , blends portmanteau words). , . , ( ) . , . . . , infobit: info- < information + bit (intentional pun on the computer acronym bit, meaning a binary digit.

1.3

, , :

1. (?`cdefh) - .

, , () (? fhc). ''. . , . - , . : yuliang - , ; Ɩgning - ; Vklaopo - ; l zhngrn - .

.

- , , .. . [ 2003 : 75].

(, ), .. , .

2. - , (Ӵ׺jiczhu). , , . , - - - .

. , , : .

3. (Ӱ׺jibnbnczhu) - . .

.. , - - , .

( O?bnqinzhu). , , (: nchoxngx - , Zchoduanqn - (/) -, wishngw - , ).

(@?bnhuzhu). , - . : , , , , (: ?haiyun - , Ԏdushou - ; , ).

4. - (). .. , , , , , : , (: ??fijchang - - > ?jchang ; kwBijng dxu - - - > kBid ).

5. - - . , , , , .

6. , - , . , , , .

: ? suo ? suo

?xfngf ?xfngf

7. - .

, , , .

2.

2.1

- , , , , , [. 2004 : 44].

, , , , . .., , , , , . .

. .., - , [ 1984 : 63]. .. [ 2005 : 77].

, . , . , .

, . . . . , , , [ 1977 : 24].

, , . , -, , , , -, . , , , , . . , [ 1986 : 189].

, , : .

. . :

1. , . , . :

- , , ;

- , , ;

- , , ;

- , , ;

2. , () :

- , , ;

- , , ;

- , , .

, . , [ 1966 : 43].

, , . , , .. :

) -ant, -er, -ee, -ess, -eer (assistant, employer, employee, actress, engineer);

) : -ian, -ese (Canadian, Chinese);

) : -age, -dom (luggage, freedom);

) : -ie, -let, -ling, -ette (birdie, booklet, duckling [ 1977 : 106].

, , .

, - , , . , , - .

, . :

) , (-er, -ee, -or, -ant, -ent), : writer (), employee (, ), saylor (), accountant ().

) , , (-ion, -tion, -ssion, -ment, -ure, -ance, -ence), : development (), modernization (), persistance (), absence ().

, , (-ness, -ity, -cy, -ure), : weakness (), identity (, ), democracy (). , , , (-ian, -ist), : christian (), marksist () [ 1975 : 19].

, , , , (-y, -ic, -al, -ar, -ous -ive, -ful) , , (-less), : meaningless (), counless (). , , (-ant, -ent, -able, -ible), : persistant (), amiable (), impossible (), content (, ).

, , , (-en, -fy, -ise/-ize) , (-en, -ise/-ize).

, , :

1) un- .

. , un- . un- , , un- , un-. , , : unadvisedly, unaware, uncommon, undisturbedly, unreservedly, unwillingly, unwittingly unadvised (); unaware (; ); uncommon ()( uncommon); undisturbed (); unreserved ().

un-, , , , , . un- , . : read () unread (); safe () unsafe (); pointed () unpointed (); sound () unsound (); selfish () unselfish (); thinking () unthinking ().

un- : abiding () unabiding (); parliamentary () unparliamentary ( ); workmanlike () unworkmanlike () [ 1989 : 77].

, un- , . : unfriended ( ); unmatched ( ); unparented ( ); unbacked ( ); unballasted ( ); uncritical ( ); unfriendly (); ungraceful (); unquiet (); unbelievable ().

2) in- ( ) il- l; im- b, , m; ir- r . .

, in- un-. , in- , , , un-. , , incautious () uncautious not cautious, uncautious (caution), a incautious (caution), . . (recklessness).

, in- , , . . un-. : inartistic tasteless (, ), unartistic not artistic ( , ); irreligious ungodly, neglecting the fear and worship of god (), wicked, sinful; unreligious not religious (, ).

3) well- , well- , , , . well- : , , . : well-aged (); well-born (); well-favoured (; ); well-done ( ); well-furnished ( ); well-knit ( , ); well-known (); well-seen (, ); well-timed (); well-read (); well-set ( ); well-tried (, ).

well- ( , , -ed) . : well-turned (, ); well-meaning ( ); well-liking (, ,).

4) self- . self- , . : self-eata (); self-cwalu (); self-sceaft (, ).

. , . self- . self- . : self-governing - ; self-diffusive - ; self-made - made by oneself [ 2003 : 75].

self-, . self- . : self-abhorrence - the act of abhorring oneself (); self-murder - the act of killing oneself (); self-reproach - the act of reproaching or condemning oneself (); self-control - the act of controlling oneself (, ); self-denial - the act of denying oneself ().

, self- . , self- , , , [ 1966 : 92].

auto-, self-. Auto- autos, .

auto- , . , , , , [ 1959 : 264]. , , auto- . auto- . : autobiographic (); autocratic (); autogamous (); automatic(al) (); automotive ().

, , , , , . -man (postman, spaceman, horseman, fisherman) -boy (cowboy, newsboy, playboy). man, boy, , , .

after- aftereffect ( ), aftermath (), afterthought ( ), afternoon ( ) .. , . , after , , , . . .

2.2

. , . . . , , - [ 2003 : 180].

, , , . , , , . - - .

- . , , , , , . , , . : bbzi - ; ñmo, ñmozi - [ 1984 : 64].

, , . : ch, chzi - ; ·l, ·lzi - .

, . .

. .

.. , . [ 1984 : 68].

zirͷtuji⣬zh죬b⡣

. , , , , , , .. , . [ 1962 : 49]. .. :

1. .

yo - > yozi -

Ʊpio - > Ʊpiozi - .

2. .

>

png - , pngzi - ; shu - , shuzi -

>

ˢshu - , ˢshuzi- ; jian - jianzi -

>

g - , gzi - ; du - , duzi - ,

3.

kou - > kouzi - ; gu - > guzi - .

. r [ 1984 : 70]. , , . .. , , :

1. - , Сxiao - .

Сxiaogour - , dor - , ָͷzhitour -

2. - .

chng - > chngr - lin - > lingr - [ 2005 : 81].

ͷ , [ 2003 :190].

1. ͷ, :

ͷshtou - , ͷmntou - , ʯͷshtou -, ľͷmtou - . , , .

2. ͷ, : ͷtintou , ͷkntou , ͷxiangtou , ͷnintou .

, , , , , . . , .

1. , :

-- : doji , ʷshiji

-- : zuji , huji

-- : רzhunji

2. , ;

-- : ʱzbnji , ּynyuji

-- : ֯zuzhji , ppngji

3. : ѧshngwxuji , ѧyuynxuji

4. : λzhngzhhudngji , ɽ˶dngshnyndngji [ 2005 : 86].

. , , , , - :

zuzh , jzh , dzh , xiofizh .

.. , , , , [ 2005 : 83].

, .

: °xiba , βwiba , zuib , nb , jiba [ 1984 : 76].

, .

, , .. : dozhod飬סzhjinhaochngwnliaodio

, - , : shngxi࣬jnchguqihuki , .

: Ȼrnd죬ͷtur

.. Ȼrn.

: Ȼhrn 㣬ͻȻtrn ȫȻqunrn .

d , Ȼrn.

: hd صtd .

ͷtu , .

: ͷshngtou - , ͷxitou - , ͷhutou - ..

r .

: zhr - , Ƕnr - , Ķnar - ? duhuir - ?

. , , , .

.. :

1. Աyun -- , . , , , , , , .

: Աdangyun - , Աjioyun - , Աyanyun - .

2. ʿsh. , .

: ѧʿxush - , ʿhshi - , ʿyongsh - .

3. jing -- . , .

: tijiang - , ľmjiang - , ߽wajing - .

4. d -- , . .

: ٶsd - , chngd - , ɼkjind - , ߶shnggod - .

5. ling. , , .

: rngling - , zhling - .

6. lu. , , , .

: chnglu - , shngchanlu - , shngbnglu - .

7. xn -- , . , , . .

: rxn - , ֪qizhxn - , nixn - .

8. hu. , .

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