Vectors of scientific research in the field of preschool education

According to research results there has been noted the tendency of lower indicators of aboriginal children's progress in comparison with other population categories. There are external and internal factors which influence the level of aboriginal children's progress. Among external factors we determine social and economic (poverty, the low level of welfare, illnesses, distance obstacles) and among internal ones - pedagogical (destructive learning environment which strengthen misunderstanding between teachers and aboriginal students, differences between learning outcomes of aboriginal and other students, inadequate handbooks which neglect polycultural aspect of learning materials; nonparticipation in school life and extracurricular activities of aboriginal students; parents' noninterest in children's learning).

The authors determine the factors which can change the situation. Among them they strengthen the necessity to provide polycultural academic programs, organization of productive learning environment, employment of aboriginal teachers or those who are able to construct the creative learning environment, schools reorganization and restructuring, opening of alternative schools.

The research results have been presented and the perspectives for further research have been defined.

Key words: Canada, aboriginal peoples, schooling, aboriginal students' progress, social, economic, pedagogical factors.

20. INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION AS A PRIORITY OF MODERN EDUCATION

Ilona NOWAKOWSKA

Culture is an attribute characterizing the man both in individual and collective aspect. Culture is created by man who is its carrier and receiver. At the same time culture is a phenomenon pertaining to more than a unit, as the man leads a social life. Thanks to the community and within the culture is transmitted through space and time. It is a way to organize collective life, but also organizes the life of an individual in the community and creates its psychological profile.

Modern developed societies are characterized by increasing cultural diversity related to, among other things, the influx of economic and political migrants. The article presents strategies and models to deal with multicultu- ralism at the level of policy and practice of state authorities at the level of individual reactions of individuals from minority ethno-cultural groups and in the area of educational activities. It was pointed out that multiculturalism is a difficult challenge for the host society and still need a search for optimal solutions satisfactory to all parties of this interaction.

Many years of experience of different countries has shown that inter- cultural education is not an easy task. It requires constant reorganization, the creation of new solutions, both systemic and individual. Failures in this case cannot be put off, they should only be a stimulus for further innovative actions.

Cultural diversity of European societies, due to political, economic or demographic reasons will deepen and this trend, at least for the time being, cannot be reversed. It is necessary to make efforts to meet the challenge of multiculturalism, and education is an area, which in this context should not be overlooked. Developing effective solutions in this area is a precondition for the friendly and conflict-free coexistence between minority and majority - if not in close, then in the longer term.

Key words: intercultural education, multicultural society, immigrants, acculturation, social integration.

21. DEFINING THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPTION «TEACHING SKILLS» IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL STUDIES

Iryna OLIYNYK

The article analyzes the domestic and foreign experience interpretation of the concept «teaching skills». It has been investigated that the conception `skill' is characterized as exceptional professional ability to achieve the best results using least of efforts, time and materials.

It has been determined that the conception «teaching skills» is a many- side quality, that is revealed from different point of views in scientific and pedagogical studies, as each of the researcher emphasizes a particular side of the phenomenon.

It has been also proved that the category `skill' is a necessary condition and an important part of the conception `professionalism' According to the investigations the process of getting professional experience and teaching skills is a necessary precondition for moving to `Acme' which is a base for professional activity formation.

The study has revealed that researchers identify the following approaches to determined the basic features of the `teaching skills': according to the results (high level of students activities arranging); according to the psychological sides of teaching activities (lecture's activity provides the students' creativity); according to the individual person's characteristics (individual properties that provide self-organization of teaching activities).

Decomposition of the `teaching skills' definitions makes it possible to give their own understanding of the conception: teaching skills - is the integral of the teacher's individuality, which combines the personal qualities and professional competence; constructive activities which give an opportunity to provide immediate and further activities; complete knowledge of methods and techniques of the interaction; the ability to transform educational situation into educational problem and find the best ways of its solution; talent for a procedural student motivation forming; self-improvement and education during the life.

Key words: high school, lecturer, competitiveness, teaching skills, teaching activities.

22. THE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE PRESCHOOL TEACHER

Iryna PALASEVYCH

The article deals with features of formation of communicative competence of the preschool teacher, that provides the formation of his communicative and important personal traits, a strong humanistic tendency to communicate with pupils, readiness for establishing subject-subject interaction, possession of integrated professional and language skills as well as communication skills. It was revealed that its components are: a system of communication of knowledge (including the psychology of communication, general didactic, professional, methodical); communication skills and abilities (the ability to speak, listen, to establish contact with someone, understand his inner state, control interaction, apply constructive behavior in conflict situations; expressive skills etc.); communication skills (traits and significant features of personality) likewise moral beliefs (ideology, ethical view, value orientation and motives of activity). The indicators of the high level of speech competence are: sapidity, consistency, accuracy, clarity, brevity, simplicity, emotional and phonetic expressiveness, brightness, imagery, colorful, proper literary pronunciation, free, spontaneous operation of word, intonation diversity, clear diction, proper use of logical stress and psychological pauses correlation between content and tone, between words, gestures and facial expressions, voice setting. It was proved that the communicative competence of preschool teacher is found in its ability to use appropriate language accurately and effectively as a means of broadcasting preschoolers. And here, of course, language teacher competence is important - the knowledge of the norms of the literary language, the ability to formalize utterance grammatically right concerning a speech plan, to treat own speech and speech of others demandingly. It was analyzed the components of the communicative competence of the teacher of preschool age: language, speech, linguistic, literary, folkloric, cultural, rhetorical, methodological competence. It is possible, in further studies, the analyze of content and technology training of future professionals to the organization of communicative speech of preschool children.

Key words: communicative competence of the preschool teacher, components of the communicative competence, communication skills and abilities, communication traits, preschool children.

23. DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL SCHOOLING IN THE AREA OF NADSANIE, LEMKIVSHCHYNA AND KHELM (1919 - 1939)

Igor PAVLIV

On the basis of analysis historiographical research materials for Ukrainian national school on lands Nadsanie, Lemkivshchyna and Khelm (1919 - 1939) was shown a complete picture by study.

It was ascertained that pedagogical researchers highlights certain aspects of the above mentioned problems occurred in the context of general studies of the Polish education system or Ukrainian education in Polish lands and means of display features Ukrainian national liberation movement, to regulate schooling in Poland, some principles of Ukrainian national education young or of Ukrainian companies and organizations.

It was determined two groups of studies on this issue. The first was concerned of Ukrainian historiography, revealed the position of Ukrainian schools in Poland, showed the real state of Ukrainian education and labor covers 1919 - 1939 years (D. Velykanovych, I. Gerasymovych, І. Lishchynskys, І. Fedorovych, M. Felinski, V. Tselevych, І. Chmola, L. Yasinchuk etc.). In next years of Soviet periods and till the beginning of 90th y. the questions about shooling on Ukrainian lands was not researching by Ukrainian scientists. With declare Independence of Ukraine the scientist's researches were brought and raised a lot of research papers (P. Brytskyi, О. Vatseba, Ya. Hrytsak, M. Kugutiak, N. Stokolos, О. Suxyi etc.), wich revealing the peculiarities of Ukrainian development system of public education in different ethnic areas.

The researches of Polish seintists about education in Poland during the period of war on Ukrainian lands shows in a good light for them was highlighted in the article. Particular attention was paided to the study of schooling Lemkivshchyna, considered that Lemko is the part of (ethnic group) Polish people.

Polish historiography has grown significantly in the 70 - 80's. XX century (A. Ainenkel, М. Ivanitskyi, М. Pap'ierzhynska-Turek, Т. Potrkevich, V. Serchyk, Т. Tomashevskyi, А. Khoinovskyi ets.) and had a great pre-war interpretation of the essence and content of cultural and educational processes at West Ukrainian lands.

Key words: Ukrainian national spooling; the territory of Nadsanie, Lemkivshchyna, Khelm; ethnic regions; domestic historiography; Polish historiography.

24. OCCUPATIONAL PURPOSE CONTEXT OF TEACHING CHEMISTRY TO THE FUTURE PROFESSIONALS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SPHERE

Tetyana REVA

The article consolidates the information sources and identifies the urgent tasks for training future professionals of the pharmaceutical sector of healthcare system in the realities of the reform in higher medical education in Ukraine. It has been justified that the improvement the content of teaching Chemistry to the future pharmaceutists in higher medical educational establishments (medical HEEs) is to be carried out through the development of a domestic pharmaceutical production of pharmaceutical drugs and medical equipment in order to overcome import dependence of the domestic market of medicines.

In this article there have been used the methods of theoretical analysis to consolidate the information sources on the development of the national healthcare system in the contemporary realities of the reform of modern higher pharmaceutical education in Ukraine; empirical methods (observation, experiment) to determine the optimal didactic provision of teaching of chemical sciences to the future pharmaceutists in domestic medical HEEs.

The author has proved that the learning process of teaching chemistry to the future pharmaceutical sector experts of healthcare system of Ukraine is supposed to ensure the quality of training of qualified personnel, be based on the continuous improvement of the content and implementation of new technologies and forms of Chemistry subjects-related education, along with being focused on the European educational standards and Euro-integration of higher pharmaceutical education of Ukraine. The article outlines and justifies the didactic basics of teaching Chemistry to students of pharmaceutical faculties of medical HEEs to comply with the current level of medical science, to consider, in terms of content provision, innovations in the development of pharmaceutical drugs and their testing results, expertise of compliance with the conditions of storage and use. The author has specified the theoretical and practical aspects of the study of disciplines in Chemistry by the future pharmaceutists, namely, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, being regarded as the basis of the acquisition of professional competencies.

In the author's opinion, didactic provision of teaching of Chemistry disciplines to the future pharmaceutists is supposed to be relevant to the current level of pharmaceutical science and be based on the cross-curriculum integration.

25. PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE INDIVIDUALITY OF FUTURE SKILLED WORKERS

Igor ROSKVAS

In the article the conditions and factors that should contribute to the psychological comfort of the creative personality of the future skilled worker. Investigated a new development strategy that aims to improve the abilities of the individual - self-transformation, searching individual creative possibilities of becoming human researcher, able to independently solve problems. The analysis of numerous domestic and foreign authors are dedicated to highlighting the issue of formation of professionalism of future skilled workers. The necessity of attracting future skilled workers to various forms of training using active methods. The emphasis is on building sustainable motivation and commitment of each student to self-actualization and self-government. When writing survey conducted professional college students Khmelnytsky electronics, the question «What are the psychological and pedagogical factors of the future work of a skilled worker?». Given the definition of «individuality» and «Individual style of activity». Listed and analyzed psycho-pedagogical factors that influence the development of creative individuality of future skilled workers. Among them: the use of psychological and educational research based on leading concepts of personal development, technological kompetentnist teacher kreatyvno-tehno- lohichne thinking innovatsiyna activity, the use of acquired knowledge in new conditions. Analyzing information studies have concluded that training to the formation of professional mobility should be made in higher and secondary educational institutions by involving future skilled workers to various forms of training using active learning methods. Researched the most effective and efficient forms are those that are based on active approach. Particular attention teachers and senior secondary school, it is recommended to focus on building sustainable motivation and commitment of each student to self-actualization and self-government. This is the prerequisite and guarantee the formation and development of key competencies and professional psychological and educational readiness for the formation of the creative personality of future skilled workers.

Key words: creative personality, professionalism, skilled workers, professional competence, psycho-pedagogical factors.

26. MODELING IN THE FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL-MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE OF THE FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

Oleksandra SHARAN

It is discussed the actual problems of the modern higher education such as professional training of students - the prospective teachers, based on the competence approach. It is singled out the professional-mathematical competence in the professional competence; it is defined its content, structure and stages of its formation in students - the future specialists of the preschool education. The article highlights the ways of the improvement of the professional- mathematical preparation of a student. The attention is accented on the importance of the theoretical training of the basis of Mathematics of a person who has chosen the profession of teacher; it is defined the indicators of readiness of the students to the formation of the elementary mathematical concepts in preschool children and the formation of their professional-mathematical competence.

It is defined one of the effective ways of the formation of the professional-mathematical competence such as the mathematical modeling, which is considered in two aspects in relation to the research topic: wide - actually professional, pedagogical, and narrow - mathematical. The main ways of the usage of modeling by the teacher during classes on «Theory and methods of formation of elementary mathematical concepts» are discussed here. The article demonstrates the usage of simulation modeling in practical classes, solving methodological problems (mental modeling) and using different types of models in the methodology of mathematics (practical modeling). The examples of methodological problems are suggested in the article. The classification of the models by methodologist L. Bilousko is complemented.

The article discusses the possibilities of using the modeling method in the practice of the formation of the elementary mathematical concepts in preschool children. It is highlighted the kinds of models that are available for the perception of children of all ages. The examples of the tasks with the usage of different types of models for learning the elements of mathematics are shown here. Based on the practical inspection the conclusion about the effectiveness of the method of modeling in the classroom for the formation of elementary mathematical concepts in preschool children is made.

Summarizing the material we make the conclusion about the importance of using modeling in the process of the formation of the professional-mathematical competence in future specialists of preschool education.

The following questions need further consideration: the development of the levels of the professional-mathematical competence, the indicators of the formation, the development and the improvement of the professional-mathematical competence of a student - the future educator.

Key words: professional-mathematical competence, future teacher, preschool children, models, modeling, methodical tasks.

27. IMPLEMENTATION OF A POST-PENITENTIARY PATRONAGE OF MINORS IN THE XIXth - EARLY XXth CENTURY

Victoriya STREMETSKA

The level of crime, including recidivism, remains high today. This fact proves the need to optimize the implementation of a patronage of people released from penal institutions. In this context, exploring the origins of a post-penitentiary patronage, in particular its implementation for juvenile is important for the effectiveness of social work with this category of clients.

The article analyzes the experience of different countries, methods of a patronage of persons, released from juvenile penitentiary. It is established that in relation to adults, released from prisons, the patronage based on the principle of voluntariness, but the patronage of minors was mandatory. In the early XIXth century some organizations began to take over the functions of a post-penitentiary minors' patronage. Legally, this process began secured mainly from the 1850s.

A post-penitentiary patronage of minors existed in the forms of 1) a guardianship of the penitentiary, 2) a guardianship of special patronage or other charitable societies. A patronage society usually took care of both adults and young clients, but there were those which concerned only the youth (male and female). Among the methods the return to his own family, able to raise a child, moral and material support, a placement into shelters, refferals to the skilled craftsmen (artisans, landowners) to study or to work, a promoting emigration to the colonies and other methods were practiced. In England, Holland, France and other countries, many young people were sent to the army or navy. The process of aid was controlled by the designated patrons. Most juvenile offenders were taken care of societies, which specialized on the other categories of «difficult» children - orphans, homeless, beggars, neglected and so on.

The term of a patronage lasted about three years. Examples of some organizations show that patronage activities in relation to minors was quite effective.

Promising areas of the research are a track of changes in minor crime statistics of that period, especially recurrent crimes, under the influence of patronage societies, methods of a patronage by specialized organizations and its effectiveness.

Key words: released from the institutions of compulsory education, juvenile (minor), a post-penitentiary patronage, a patronage society, methods of patronage.

28. LIFE ORIENTATION AND PREFERENCES OF META VALUES IN WOMEN WITH ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA

Anna WIATROWSKA

According to Antonovsky, the sense of coherence (SOC) plays the foremost role in the group of health conditioning factors. A strong sense of coherence consists of three inter-correlated dimensions: the sense of comprehensibility, the sense of manageability and the sense of meaningfulness. The value concept by Schwartz, which dominates in contemporary psychology, views them as emotion related beliefs concerning the desired objectives (going beyond specific activities and situations), at the same time constituting the criterion of one's own and others' behaviours. The Author proposes 10 types of universal basis values and 4 meta types structured by two dimensions, namely self-transcendence versus self-enhancement and openness to change versus conservation. The knowledge of preferences referring to the basic values and meta values can help to better understand an individual's attitudes and behaviours, both in health and in illness.

The study comprised 40 women with diagnosed anorexia nervosa and 40 women with diagnosed bulimia nervosa, according to the research criteria ICD-10. The studies made use of the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-R2) by Schwartz and the Life Orientation Questionnaire (SOC-29) by Antonovsky.

The purpose of the studies was to search for the relations between life orientation and preferences of meta values in women with eating disorders. The form of eating disorders was adopted as the differentiating criterion. The present studies pointed to statistically significant differences in life orientation of preferences of meta values in women with eating disorders as well as in the structure of relations between them. The form of eating disorders was adopted as the differentiating criterion. Anorectic women - as compared with bulimic women - have greater resistance mechanisms and adaptive possibilities. They perceive the accessible external and internal resources as sufficient to cope with any problems and requirements directed at them from the environment. Women with anorexia differed from women with bulimia considerably in the sphere of preferences of the meta values of self-transcendence and the opposite meta value of self-transcendence, which in bulimic women is related to the values directed at common good, both in group and social dimensions. The analyses partly confirmed the adopted hypotheses concerning the occurrence of relations between the sense of coherence and its dimensions on the one hand and preferences of meta values in anorectic and bulimic women on the other.

Determination of life orientation and preferences of meta values in women with eating disorders as well as the structure of relations between them seems especially important from the point of view of the undertaken preventive actions as well as from the point of view of planning and using different methods and forms of therapy.

Key words: sense of coherence, meta values, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, women.

29. DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL (1991 - 2016)

Oleksandra YANKOVYCH

On the basis of the analysis of theoretical aspects and practice of health saving technologies implementation in the 1990s and early XXI century the peculiarities of their development in educational process of primary school have been determined in the article. The approaches to the interpretation of the terms, classification of health saving technologies have been described. The essence of the concept «development of health saving technologies» has been cleared up. There have been determined, that from the 1990s until present the transition from health saving activities as technologies in the meaning of «innovation» to concrete health saving technologies that meet the criteria of education technologization, including systemic, algorithmic, diagnostics, etc., has been taking place. The attention has been focused on the multifunctional nature of modern health saving technologies. The genesis of health saving technologies as regular changes in conceptual, structural and functional levels that ensure their continuity and lead to the emergence of a qualitatively new phenomenon - a multifunctional educational system that promotes physical, mental, intellectual, moral and emotional health of the personalities and their successful self-realization has been explained.

The possibilities of using positive ideas of health saving technologies genesis in primary schools and pedagogical higher educational institutions in the process of future teachers of primary age pupils training have been found out. Amendments to educational programs of pedagogical and psychological disciplines, teaching practices during which future teachers can introduce methods «Learning through movement», elements of N. Iefimenko's technology, art therapy, media education have been recommended.

Determination of generally accepted categorical thesaurus in the field of health saving technologies, identifying organizational and pedagogical conditions of educational and moving technologies realization in primary school have been grounded as prospects for further scientific researches.

Key words: health saving technologies, primary school health saving technologies, development of health saving technologies, health forming, learning through movement.

30. EDUCATIONAL METHOD FOCUSED ON APPROPRIATE SOCIALIZATION

Beata ZI BA

In the article much attention is paid to issues of appropriate education. Appropriate upbringing means the proper human socialization. Some factors may interfere the upbringing process. These factors can cause adverse changes in human behavior. Improper behavior affects the relationships with family and community.

Investigated the most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend. Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well. In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from nonparent blood relations. Others may beadopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage. Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a good parent.

Focused on the fact socialization of the child is done by the parents and all who are in contact with the child. Socialization is carried out by various methods of upbringing as observation, imitation, punishments and rewards, and more. A child who observes the people important to him - imitates their habits. Respect for the rights of the child and the assignment of responsibilities - is necessary. This is essential because it introduces the child to the world of precepts, prohibitions, privileges and rights.

The article clarified - parenting takes a lot of skill and patience and is constant work and growth. Research shows that children benefit most when their parents: communicate honestly about events or discussions that have happened, and when parents explain clearly to children what happened and how they were involved if they were; stay consistent, as children need structure: parents who have regular routines benefits children incredibly; utilize resources available to them, reaching out into the community; take more interest in their child's educational needs and early development; and keep open communication and staying educated on what their child is learning and doing and how it is affecting them. Parenting skills are often assumed to be self-evident or naturally present in parents.

The conclusion about violations of children's rights and the lack of responsibility of the child - may distort his morale and social attitudes. This implies a great need to educate parents in this regard.

Key words: children's rights, duties of a child, upbringing, methods of upbringing, socialization, family.

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