The Impact of the Media Discourse on Subjective Barriers in the HIV/AIDS Prevention among Youth in Russia

Characteristics of state HIV/AIDS prevention system in Russia. The notion of discourse through the prism of influence mechanisms. Basis for HIV testing subjective barriers of Russian youth. Correspondence of media discourse and subjective barriers.

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Язык английский
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Appendices

Table. 1.1. Knowledge of the nature of the disease

Young people

Teachers

Parents

Sure they know

33.1%

32.9%

31.9%

Think they know

44.7%

48.6%

42.6%

Not sure, but have the opinion about disease

19.2%

14.3%

20.6%

Think they don't know

3%

4.2%

4.9%

Table 1.2. Knowledge about difference between HIV-infected and having AIDS

Young people

Teachers

Parents

Sure they know

28.1%

48.6%

33.3%

Not sure, but have the idea

34.6%

32.9%

40.4%

Think they don't know

37.3%

18.5%

26.3%

Figure 1.1. The share of the pupils who know the essence of the disease

Figure 1.2. Sources of information which aware pupils use

Table 1.3. Source of AIDS appearance

Young people

Teachers

Parents

Bacteriological weapons of the USA

8.8%

12.1%

9.2%

Animals (monkeys)

20.9%

27.1%

25.5%

Ecological disturbance consequence

16.1%

18.6%

17%

Result of wrong nutrition

1.2%

0.7%

0.7%

Disturbance of the immune system under the influence of civilization

30.3%

47.1%

35.5%

Space origin

2%

0.7%

1.4%

God's punishment for sins

5%

5.7%

6.4%

Difficult to answer

22.8%

10%

19.1%

Table 1.4. Opinions about the danger of HIV-infected

Young people

Teachers

Parents

Infectious

66.8%

48.6%

66%

Not infectious

17.6%

33.6%

16.3%

Table 1.5. Opinions about routes of infection

Young people

Teachers

Parents

Ways of getting infected

Sexual

78.4%

68.6%

72.1%

Through blood

37%

62.9%

30%

Through non-sterile syringe

34.2%

18.5%

22.9%

Through a kiss, a handshake, an airborne way

8.6%

5%

3.6%

Breast milk

3.1%

7.1%

2.1%

Through wound

2.5%

0%

0%

Genetically

1.5%

2.1%

1.4%

Medical instruments

0%

22.1%

15.7%

Non-compliance with hygiene

0%

0%

1.4%

Ways to avoid infection

To be protected at sexual contacts

53.2%

22.1%

32.9%

Use disposable syringes not for the second time

13.3%

9.3%

19.3%

Keep to personal hygiene

13%

21.4%

31.4%

Avoid sexual contacts with HIV-infected

11%

22.9%

5.7%

Not to contact with HIV-infected

9.2%

10%

17.9%

Be careful with strangers

3.7%

7.1%

4.3%

Avoid contact of wound with infected blood

1.3%

1.4%

5%

Be careful with HIV-infected

1%

7.9%

6.4%

Table 1.6. Social attitudes of the youth

Element

Pupils

Students of colleges

Students of high schools

Core

Statements of high probability of infection in the groups of drug addicts, prostitutes, as well as people leading a promiscuous sex life.

Perception of risk groups

Drug addicts and prostitutes

Drug addicts and prostitutes

Homosexualists

Perifephery

They don't consider homosexualists as a risk group

-

Willingness to introduce HIV-positive person with relatives

+

+

+

Financing of HIV/AIDS problem by the state

Not necessary as the problem is exaggerated

Main source of information

Internet

Internet

Internet

Table 1.7. Who is the person with AIDS

Who is the person with AIDS

%

Immunocompromised

58.6%

The person at the final stage of disease

20.9%

Doomed to death

13.3%

Person infecting others

6.3%

Don't know

0.8%

Figure 1.3. The answers to the question `Is it possible to understand by the appearance of a person that he is HIV-infected?'

Figure 1.4. The answers to the question `Should one be afraid of HIV infection at home (cooking, using common objects)?'

Figure 1.5. The answers to the question `Is it possible to completely cure HIV-infected person?'

Figure 1.6. The answers to the question `How many years the person can live with HIV?'

Figure 1.7. The answers to the question `Can HIV-infected people have children without HIV infection?'

Figure 1.8. The answers to the question `Is there a criminal liability for intentional HIV infection of a sexual partner?'

Figure 1.9. The answers to the question `From what sources do you get information about HIV?'

Figure 1.10. The answers to the question `Through which biological fluids can the person become infected with HIV?'

Figure 1.11. The answers to the question `Why is it reasonable to use of a condom in sexual contacts on the constant base?'

Figure 1.12. The answers to the question `Do you know what the incubation period is (the period of `the window', the hidden period when HIV is not found in the blood, although the person is HIV-infected)?'

Figure 1.13. The answers to the question `What is the maximum period of the window period?'

Figure 1.14. The answers to the question `Is there supportive treatment / therapy for HIV infection?'

Figure 1.15. The answers to the question `Does the person always get HIV infected during sexual intercourse without a condom with an HIV-infected partner?'

Appendix 2

Figure 2.1. Penetration of the Internet in Russia

Figure 2.2. Profile of the Internet users by GFK

Figure 2.3. Profile of the Internet users by Google (Google, 2017)

Figure 2.4. Top 10 applications on mobile devices

Figure 2.5. Top 20 projects of RuNet in December 2017 (Mediascope, 2017)

Figure 2.6. Rating of social networks in Russia in 2017 (SEO-Auditor, 2017)

Table.2.1. Top 20 Rating of visits of RuNet web-sites in March 2018 (Advse.ru, 2018)

No.

Domen

Displays

Pages

Visitors

1

vk.com

57 711 950

25 658 877

82 379

2

ok.ru

22 667 606

9 154 322

50 598

3

youtube.com

19 165 238

4 486 676

101 087

4

yandex.ru

16 533 153

12 389 452

95 257

5

e.mail.ru

5 517 682

2 197 797

55 342

6

go.mail.ru

3 939 702

3 139 060

76 250

7

google.ru

3 587 451

2 832 554

45 918

8

facebook.com

3 463 385

1 816 516

27 113

9

google.com.ua

2 633 782

1 552 774

24 867

10

avito.ru

2 522 324

1 070 536

22 154

11

fotostrana.ru

2 387 727

1 564 355

3 147

12

instagram.com

2 083 675

846 604

20 508

13

mail.ru

1 722 951

870

92 135

14

yandex.by

1 232 103

1 004 988

7 708

15

ru.aliexpress.com

1 194 809

927 704

19 342

16

google.com

1 140 251

776 907

27 537

17

olx.ua

1 017 660

433 378

10 475

18

yandex.kz

653 816

528 274

6 625

19

plaff-go.ru

638 348

145

72 624

20

poshukach.com

630 298

416 728

17 562

Figure 2.7. Quantity of authors in social networks in Russia in December 2015 (BrandAnalytics, 2015)

Figure 2.8. Quantity of messages in social networks in Russia in December 2015 (BrandAnalytics, 2015)

Figure 2.9. The audience of social networks in Russia in December 2015

(BrandAnalytics, 2015)

Figure 2.10. Minute average quantity per day per user, December 2017 (Mediascope, 2017)

Figure 2.11. Age structure of the audience of social networks in Russia in December 2015 (BrandAnalytics, 2015)

Table 2.2. Top 20 citations of Russian media resources in social media, February 2018

No.

Web-site

Citation index

Citation share

1

ria.ru

561288

6,1%

2

zen.yandex.ru

335187

3,7%

3

RT in Russian

309419

3,4%

4

kp.ru

260341

2,9%

5

tass.ru

235324

2,6%

6

news.mail.ru

229935

2,5%

7

lenta.ru

208486

2,3%

8

life.ru

207943

2,3%

9

rbk.ru

201454

2,2%

10

echo.msk.ru

168705

1,8%

11

meduza.io

163979

1,8%

12

vesti.ru

161058

1,8%

13

commersant.ru

159049

1,7%

14

sports.ru

149402

1,6%

15

ren.tv

131592

1,4%

No.

Web-site

Citation index

Citation share

16

cont.ws

129723

1,4%

17

mk.ru

127816

1,4%

18

gazeta.ru

126582

1,4%

19

news.yandex.ru

125693

1,4%

20

svoboda.org

122921

1,3%

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