The Implementation of the conception of Friendship on the Basis of Comparative Structural-semantic Analysis of English and Russian Proverbs
The study of the conception of friendship based on the results of comparative structural-semantic analysis of English and Russian proverbs. The specific national and cultural characters of thinking of the two peoples towards understanding of friendship.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 10.03.2021 |
| Размер файла | 54,0 K |
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It is the disclosure of selfish motives that probably is the reason of the destruction of friendship. Following group of proverbs confirms this idea. It includes two English proverbs: Lend your money and lose your friend; Short debt make long friend. Corresponding Russian proverbs are: Хочешь потерять друга -- дай ему в долг `If you want to lose a friend, grant him a loan'; Дружба дружбой, а денежки врозь `Friendship is friendship, but keep money apart'; В долг давать -- дружбу терять `To grant a loan to friend is to lose friendship'; Счет дружбе не помеха / Счет дружбы не портит `Calculation is not a hindrance to friendship / Calculation doesn't spoil friendship'. The proverbs Lend your money and lose your friend and Хочешь потерять друга -- дай ему в долг are partial equivalents, they are slightly distinguished by grammatical structure and the word order. Other Russian proverbs convey similar meaning by more expressive syntactic and lexical means, using words with diminutive suffixes (денежки `money'), infinitive sentences (В долг давать -- дружбу терять `To grant a loan to friend is to lose friendship') and rhyming words (давать `to grant' -- терять `to lose'). Describing this aspect of the conception of friendship, one cannot but give another English proverb with a specific meaning: Friends are all right when they don't interfere with you career. In Russian there is a proverb with the close meaning: Дружба дружбой, а служба службой `Friendship is friendship, but duty is duty'. The comparison of these proverbs allows us to determine that they reflect the mentality of different classes. The English proverb is an aphorism, it contains a literary expression interfere with one's career, which reflects the worldview of an urban dweller, bureaucrat or salaried employee. Russian proverb is more neutral lexically, its expressiveness arises due to syntactic parallelism and rhythmic organization.
Our conclusions are consistent with previously obtained generalizations that were made in our recent works [39].
Conclusion
The performed analysis is generally summarized in two interrelated directions. Firstly, according to the goal, a system of implementations of the conception of friendship is revealed. Complexity of friendship, the interdependence of its positive and opposing negative sides is revealed only through the mutual interaction of these implementations (emphasis on unity and opposing desire for individualization, fragility, etc.). Secondly, the system of similarities and differences for the corresponding semantic groups of Russian and English proverbs is revealed. Implementations of the conception of friendship on the phraseological material of both languages are similar in many respects, but they also have certain differences. Friendship appears to be a valuable, hard-to-reach, fragile phenomenon. The comparative structural and semantic analysis of the proverbs of both languages showed that among them we can distinguish proverbs that are equivalent in meaning, as well as counterparts that manifest peculiar features of national character and mentality. English proverbs have more didactic and edifying character; they often use imperative sentences and rather neutral vocabulary. In the English proverbs we also noted the desire for individualization as a key feature which determines the other features of the English. This observation is partially consistent with the conclusions of anthropologists (K. Fox calls this central characteristic quality of the British social dis-ease [40]). Both English and Russian proverbs use rhythmic structures and rhyming words that actualize their meaning and contribute to their memorization, but Russian proverbs use them more often. Russian proverbs are more expressive through the use of folk-colloquial vocabulary and diminutive suffixes. Also we observe a closer connection of the Russian proverbs with the conceptual sphere of peasant life. The similarities and differences of English and Russian proverbs characterize clearly the mentality of the both peoples.
The practical significance of the results is the possibility of developing a new type of dictionary on their basis: “Friendship: The experience of cognitive-contrast lexicography.” Thus the main directions for further research are the expansion of the theoretical foundations of cognitive lexicography and the addition of the conceptualization of friendship with data from languages other than Russian and English. Neretina, S.S. & Ogurtsov, A.P. (2010). Conception In New philosophical encyclopedia. In 4 vols. Moscow: Thought. Vol. 2. pp. 308--309. (In Russ.).
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