Phrasemics of Myroslav Dochynets’ works of art

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Phrasemics of Myroslav Dochynets' works of art

Yatskiv M., Venzhinovych N.

Abstract

Phrasemics of Myroslav Dochynets' works of art

Yatskiv M., Venzhinovych N.

The article outlines the results of studying the phraseological richness of works of art by the well-known Ukrainian writer at the beginning of the 21st century Myroslav Dochynets,' being-born in the Transcarpathia.

The relevance of the research theme to stipulate by the need for further elaboration of urgent issues about dialectal phraseology. A special unique has been developed for the analysis of the phrases.

The selected factual material has been processed by means of using a descriptive method to distinguish phraseological thematic groups, artistic modes, the selection of general available language, transformed, and individual author's phraseological units.

The method of contextual analysis has been used to ascertain the functional and stylistic potential of phrases in Myroslav Dochynets' prose. The descriptive method has made it possible to generalize the results of the study theoretically and systematize the selected material.

For revealing the frequency of occurrence of generally accepted language, individual author's phrases, and transformed phraseological units, the quantitative analysis has been applied.

The selected phraseological units we represented in 8 thematic groups. We described the most typical individual author phrases and nationwide (traditional) phraseological units.

The most widespread thematic groups in M. Dochynets' works of art we found out to be: activities, deeds, the behavior of a human being; quality, sign, the condition of an object or phenomenon, the characteristics, properties and personal attributes, etc.

In the issue, a conclusion is drawn that phrases, functioning in play intensifying part, in particular. They appear as expressive representatives of traditions, customs, conditions of life, typical of the people in Ukraine.

The author's modifications (structural, symbolic, and significative) broadly extend the functional domain of such expressions.

Keywords: phrasemics, phrases, phraseological units, Linguistic Culturology, nationwide (traditional) phraseology, modern Ukrainian writer M. Dochynets'.

Анотація

Фраземіка художніх творів Мирослава Дочинця

Яцьків М., Венжинович Н.

У статті викладено результати дослідження фраземіки художніх творів відомого українського письменника ХХ-початку ХХІ століття Мирослава Дочинця, уродженця Закарпаття. Актуальність теми зумовлена необхідністю подальшої розробки назрілих проблем вивчення діалектних фразеологізмів, якими густо пересипане мовлення персонажів художніх творів знаного митця слова.

Для аналізу фразем розроблено спеціальний опис. Опрацьовано відібраний фактичний матеріал за допомогою описового методу для виділення фразеологічних тематичних груп, а також для виокремлення загальнонародних, трансформованих та індивідуальних авторських фразеологізмів.

Методом контекстуального аналізу з'ясовано функційно-стилістичний потенціал фразем у прозі Мирослава Дочинця. Описовий метод дав змогу теоретично узагальнити результати дослідження та систематизувати відібраний матеріал. Для виявлення частоти вживання загальнонародних, індивідуальних авторських фразем, трансформованих фразеологізмів застосовано елементи кількісного аналізу.

Відібрані фразеологічні одиниці представлено у восьми тематичних групах. Охарактеризовано найбільш типові індивідуально-авторські фразеологізми та загальнонаціональні (традиційні) фразеологізми.

Найбільш наповненими тематичними групами в художніх творах М. Дочинця є такі: на позначення діяльності, вчинків, поведінки людини; якості, ознаки, стану предмета чи явища.

Зроблено висновок про те, що фразеосполуки функціонують, зокрема, у підсилювальній ролі. Вони постають як виразні репрезентанти традицій, звичаїв, умов життя, характерних для українців.

Авторські модифікації (структурні, символічні та сигніфікативні) розширюють функційне навантаження таких висловів.

Ключові слова: фраземіка, фразеологізм, фразеологічні одиниці, лінгвокультурологія, загальнонародна (традиційна) фразеологія, сучасний український письменник М. Дочинець.

Кількість бібліографічних джерел - 26; мова англійська.

Introduction

Problem statement. The modern anthropocentric paradigm presupposes the application of the principle concerning the exclusive role of man in the development of language as a dynamic system, as a means of communication, and the peculiar significance of language units that reflect the personality. Therefore, the analysis of the language formation of any writer with his characteristic perception of reality is of great interest to researchers.

This fact encourages linguists to raise the question and take pains to get acquainted with a talent grander of such a writer. Myroslav Dochynets' is a modern Trans- carpathian Ukrainian writer, a journalist, a member of the Association of Ukrainian writers (since 2003). The thematic scope of his works is original and deeply individual. His works not only portray community and a man in a new way but also philosophically interpret their interdependence. The writer points out that he doesn't write works in dialect. He accentuates that it is a lexicography in which the expedient words in their sense and figurative nests he organically laid. M. Dochynets' points out that his style is “the arrangement of words in such an order as to be able to view a phrase paragraph both from the side and from above - like a grape berry, streamlined, transparent, aromatic...” [Dochynets' 2013h, p. 87], in his works “Nature, Forest, River are living creatures. Because they are indeed living. - Created by a living maker. My characters in their fall-rise touch this magic of elements, ascend to making wonderful of everything real, without division into living and dead nature”. [Dochynets' 2013h,p. 128]. Dipping into the inherent world of characters is felt in the phrases used in the texts of his compositions.

The necessity of a detailed study of Myroslav Dochynets' phraseological units, which he repeatedly raised in the works of Ukrainians' phrase formation. This study will concluding about the peculiarities of the phraseological units of different levels and their fitness to any modifications, about the dynamic processes in the development of the phraseological fields of knowledge in particular and the whole language system in general, about the features of the writer's style, which are the indicators of his inward world, aesthetic tastes, social views, etc.

Research aim and objectives:

1. To record phrases in the fiction of the mentioned Transcarpathian-Ukrainian writer.

2. To single out traditional (national), transformed, commonly used (not fixed by dictionaries) and author's artistic phrases.

3. Perform semantic analysis of recorded phrases.

4. Consider phrases as specific language signs, storing and transmitting cultural information.

Analysis of the previous research. The questions connected with the study of phraseological units Ukrainian linguists repeatedly raised in their works, in particular: L. Avksentyev, V Uzhchenko, M. Alefiren- ko, L. Skrypnyk, H. Udovychenko, V. Bilonozhenko,Hnatyuk, M. Dems'kyi, N. Shcherban', Zh. Koloiz, N.Venzhynovych, T. Sheridan, O. Vazhenina, and others. Another trend of phrase investigation is their analysis as a means of actualization in the diastyle ofany author, enabling us to see the author's guidance on the feasibility of using them, to trace the most frequently used varieties, and to find out the determinism of the semantic continuum of components in these varieties The peculiarities of the author's phrases in the epistles by M. Kotsyubyns'ky (L. Davydenko, V. Boyko), in the prose of T Shevchenko (H. Bardukov), V Stefanyk (T. Yevtushina), M. Stel'makh (I. Hnatyuk, L. Avksentyev), Ostap Vyshnya (V. Uzh- chenko), V. Drozd, Ye. Hutsalo (O. Vazhenina), O. Hon- char (I. Hnatiuk, L. Shcherbachuk), P. Zahrebel'nyi (I. Hnatiuk), B. Lepkyi (T. Sverdan), Yu. Mushketyk (I. Hnatyuk), M. Mateos, (L. Nedbailo), M. Ponedilok (O. Kushlyk); in the poetic compositions by I. Franko (M. Yakym, O. Pilko), M. Ryl's'kyi (A. Suprun),Kostenko (O. Zanizdra); in journalistic texts (O. Serbens'ka, Yu. Pradid, S. Ptashnyk, N. Skyba, N. Khoroz,Syzonov, etc.).

Functioning of phraseological units in works of art and the problems of phraseology and national culture was the subject-matter of studying by V. Bilonozhenko, O.Vazhenina, N. Venzhynovych, I. Hnatiuk, T. Hry- horenko, L. Danylenko, S. Denysenko, O. Dekhtiarova, T. Yevtushyna, V. Zhaivoronok, V Koval', etc. However, linguists preferably concentrate their attention on structural, semantic, functional, stylistic, phrase formation, comparative aspects phrase studies in works of art by T. Shevchenko, M. Kotsiubyns'kyi, M. Stel'makh, O.Vyshnia, O. Dovzhenko, M. Ryl's'kyi, I. Chennai, etc. Phrases reflecting national traditions, customs, and rituals of any ethnos, historical facts of its life are essential for academic analysis. N. Khoma opportunely indicated, that phraseology of each nation reflects its mentality, picturesqueness, and way of thinking. Therefore it is characterized with significant stability [Khoma 2011, p. 411-413]. It is a belles-lettres text that comes out of a particular world model and “is an inexhaustible source of information about the cultural and historical experience of a nation, the condensate of the cultural memory (tradition), that it deposited in the national consciousness. Just the phraseological level of the work of art that is the accumulative center, which realized the connection of language phenomena with the culture of a certain ethnic community” [Yevtushyna 2005, p. 29].

Phrases replenish literary language with new expressive means. The study of national and cultural origins of phraseological units testifies to the fact that it is the phraseology of belles-lettres texts, which is the exponent of diverse local lore, ethnocultural information. Any phrase, according to V. Maslova' s opinion, “is the text, that is the keeper of cultural information. Text preserves information about the history, ethnography, national psychology, national behavior, that is about everything that comprises the contents of culture” The translation is ours. [Maslova 2001, p. 87].

In phrases native speakers reflect a peculiar world outlook in this or that situation. They used phrases to describe the environment, surroundings. They interpret, assess, and express the subjective attitude to everything encircles us. Words have a picturesque and symbolic foundation and reflect extralinguistic reality. Phrase studies in the language of a particular writer, especially in the linguistic and cultural trend, enable revealing specific features of the world language model of the Ukrainian nation. The life of this separate community is stipulated by the peculiarities of world perception, the system of moral values, norms, and principles of upbringing revealed in the writers' style.

In Ukrainian linguistics, there are discrepancies between the notions of idiostyle and idiolect. Some scholars identify these notions. Some of them consider that they cannot placed. “Idiostyle is an individual style in which expressively marked language means form a certain system; idiolect is language practice of an individual native speaker; the totality of formal and stylistic signs, distinguishing individual speech” [see: Morarash 2018, p. 33].

O. Kul'babs'ka and N. Shatilova point out that “individual writer' s style is first of all connected with the peculiarities of language organization, compositions that distinguish one author from others; it is always a creative manifestation of national language” [quoted from Solohub 1991, p. 17].

A certain degree of individuality as an art feature is inherent in all the masters of pen, as literary language gives a writer unlimited possibilities of creative choice among language means, which each author served for some time in their way, creating a particular language world. However, individuality becomes more noticeable only then, when completed, the expressive and original use of national language means makes it more brilliant” (see: Kul'babs'ka 2016, pp. 27-28). phraseology dochynets writer ukrainian prose

We agree with the opinions of scholars that “idiolect and diastyle are correlative notions. They connected with the manifestation of individual language peculiarities. However, they are not identical. Idiolect, reflecting the totality of original features that distinguish individual speech of its individual speaker, in our opinion, is interconnected with diastyle and is its constituent” [Kul'babs'ka 2016, p. 31].

Studying phraseology as a factor of forming art world prose and poetry, V. Kalashnyk affirms that “set word complexes are important form creating components of the writer's idiostyle and interest both from the point of view of an author's selection of phrases, which is defined using intralinguistic (semantic and stylistic properties of set phrases) and extralinguistic (world-view of the artist, the range of problems under consideration and others) factors, and from the point of view of the available amount of work to be done of these languages in belles-lettres context” [Kalashnyk 2011; 2015].

The linguist points out that “poetic phrase formation is not only a semantic process, but also a functional making of appropriate expressions”. Herewith the indication on the extralinguistic reality that is basic in other spheres of communication is subordinated to realizing intralinguistic factors proper: in the form of a poetic phrase, all the constituents defined are significant, urgent, the language form here is self-sufficient and does not need to be supported by extralinguistic reality [Kalashnyk 2011, p. 312].

The individual-art style of a writer is a system of language means, which arises as a result of selection and creative use of the lexical realia in a national language not only for putting some contents into words, but also for aesthetic influence on a reader. The individual category is formed with the help of the totality of language units, having a significant sense obligations (historical, philosophical, etc.), stipulated with context surroundings, plot lines, emotional and expressive filling. Phrases belong to such units [Morarash 2011, p. 312].

It is in the light of the author's artistic and picturesque worldview that the phrases come out in belles-lettres. They are an organic element of composition speech. Set phrases are an active figurative factor of the author's narration. Through them, the author communicates the attitude to the portrayed events, accentuated sense, and style positions of language means. Using phrases, it is easier to reveal the inward world, spirits, world outlook of characters, etc. The stylistic use of phraseological use by writers is a creative process. Phrases in belles-lettres is are one of the inexhaustible sources of intensifying expressiveness, the extension of logical exposition. Therefore they acquire particular aesthetic significance [Zdikhovs'ka 2010, p. 40].

Many interesting scientific works of modern Ukrainian scientists appeared during the 21^st century. They draw attention to the peculiarities of functioning and teaching phrasemes [see, for example, Banyoi, Petrulyak 2020; Poluzhyn M., Poluzhyn I. 2020; Kharkivska 2020, etc.].

Methods and methodology. Unique developed for the analysis of the phrases. The selected factual material has been processed using a descriptive way to distinguish phraseological thematic groups, artistic modes, the selection of available language, transformed, and individual author phraseological units.

The method of contextual analysis used to ascertain functional and stylistic possibilities of phrases in the prose of Myroslav Dochynets'. The descriptive way made it possible to generalize the results of the study theoretically. The method of component analysis we used for making more precise the meaning of the phrases. Dominant common and individual signs of phraseology functioning in belles-lettres works of the Transcarpathian Ukrainian writers have been ascertained using the confrontation method. For revealing the frequency of occurrence of generally accepted language, individual author phrases, and transformed phraseological units, the quantitative analysis has been applied.

The statement of basic material

In the course of the study, it has been ascertained that M. Dochynets' seldom uses traditional (nationwide) phrases, fixed in Ukrainian and English phraseological dictionaries: ukr. nosytysia yak is pysankoyu - [to put in the limelight (spotlight)]; ukr. lasyi shmatochok - [tit-bit]; ukr. mokryiyakkhliushch - [wet to the skin].

For a more profound reproduction of characters' description, their state, and activities, the author applies wordplay very often, one of the modes of which are multiform phrase transformations (ukr. kopytamy versty - `to die,' to perish). Describing death origin and for assigning local coloring of the Transcarpathian patois, the writer has transformed nationwide phrase employing component stock substitution, having inserted a dialectal word versty - `to throw something into the phrase.'

In his works of art, the author, using traditional phrases, not only transforms them, but also gives another meaning, in particular: as a birdie in a golden cage - `to live in riches, however at the same time to be as if imprisoned in a cage' (compare: to hit as if a bird in a cage - `to live in hard financial difficulties, overcoming poverty, misery, etc.'; to knock as (as if, as though, etc.) a bird in a cage - `to live in grave financial conditions, overcoming want, beggary, etc.'

Rich and multiform nationwide phraseology, both in structure and meaning, Myroslav Dochynets' represented in his writing. The author describes actions, deeds, performance of characters, the quality of the activities, state of the weather, etc., giving emotionality and expressiveness to his description.

1. Most traditional phrases belong to the thematic group, designating actions, deeds, human behavior, relations with anybody, or anything. In this group, the following subgroups of traditional phrases are distinguished:

The activities of a persons in their relations to anybody or anything. Nosytysia yak is pysankoyu [to put in the limelight (spotlight)] - `to be very thoughtfull of somebody (something).' In the text: “Robota nurtuye v try zminy. Maistry nosiat'sia yak is pysankoyu” [Dochynets' 2013v, p. 133] [The work irresistibly occurs in three shifts. The masters put in the limelight (spotlight)]. Compare: to put in the limelight - `to draw excessive attention to something insignificant' [SFUM 2003, p. 441); to put in the spotlight - `to draw excessive attention to anybody, anything' [FSUM 1993, p. 558].

Obkhodyty desiatoyu dorohoyu [let a sleeping dog lie] - `to go (all) round.' In the text: “Po-pershe, vy pyshete zayavu pro zvil'nennia i budete obkhodyty chu- zhykh ditey desiatoyu dorohoyu. Do kintiya zhyttia” [Dochynets' 2013v, p. 239] [Firstly, you write a letter of resignation and will avoid somebody else's children sleeping dog lie. Till the end of your life]. Compare: obmynaty (obkhodyty, obbihaty) / obmynuty (obiyty, obbihty desiatoyu dorohoyu vulytseyu) - `not to be somewhere, not to go in, not to call somewhere; avoid meeting anyone; to be afraid of someone, something' [FSUM 1993, p. 572; SFUM,2003, p. 454); obmynaty (obkhodyty) desiatoyu dorohoyu (vulytseyu) - `avoid meeting anyone or anything' [Uzhchenko 1998, p. 50]. Compare: let a sleeping dog lie- `not to be anywhere, not to visit, not to drive anywhere; to avoid meeting with anybody; to be afraid of somebody, something' [FSUM 1993, p. 572; SFUM 2003, p. 454]; let a sleeping do lie - `to avoid meeting with anybody'[Uzhchen- ko 1998, p. 50].

Human actions, deeds, behavior. Pustytysia bereha [to break bed] - `to violate generally recognized norms of social behavior,'In the text:

“Toy solomyanyi zhenykh yakis ' try tyzhni trymavsya domu, a zatym pustyvsia bereha” [Dochynets' 2014, p. 71] [That grass fiance roughly three weeks kept at home, and then broke bed]. Compare: puskatysia / pustytysia bereha - `neglecting oneself, to violate generally accepted norms of social behavior; corrupt; lose calm, composure, balance from anxiety, fear, shame, etc.; do something in your way, according to your desire, understanding, preferences; to invent, to imagine what is not and was not [FSUM 1993, p. 721]; puskat- ysia / pustytysia bereha - `neglecting oneself, to violate generally accepted norms of morality, social behavior; lose calm, composure, balance from anxiety, fear, shame, etc.; do something in your own way, according to your own desire, understanding, preferences' [SFUM 2003 p. 586]; puskatysia /pustytysia bereha - `to spoil, to do something in one's way'[Uzhchenko 1998, p. 10].