The specifity of floristic phraseology with the component "flower name" (based on the material of English, French and Ukrainian)

Sumy

Annotation

floristic phraseology flower name

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of floristic phraseology with the component “flower name”. On the basis of the material of English, French and Ukrainian languages, the article reveals differences in the interpretation of the concept of “flower”. The inventory of flower names in the phraseological corpora of the studied languages is revealed and universal and specific trends in the choice of florolexemes as components of stable phrases are traced.

Therefore, we have every reason to carry out a semantic analysis of phraseological units, taking into account the semantics of floronyms, in particular the name of a flower, as a phrase-forming component. Therefore, we consider it expedient to examine the content and scope of the concept of flower name, since, in our opinion, this will allow us to penetrate deeper into the semantic structure of phraseological units, to reveal the role of flower name components in the formation of phraseological meaning. Based on the results of the study of lexicographic sources, it has been established that in the analysed languages the lexeme `flower ' is used mainly to denote the reproductive organ of a plant and enters into hyper-hyponymic relations with the corresponding generic names.

In particular, in English, the lexeme `flower ' has the following equivalents: `flower ', `bloom', `blossom'. According to dictionary definitions, “flower” is “the part of a seed plant that normally bears reproductive organs especially when some or all of its parts are conspicuous or brightly coloured” (Oxford advanced American dictionary: 875-876); “the coloured part of a plant from which the seed or fruit develops. <...> a plant grown for the beauty of its flowers” (literally, the coloured part of a plantfrom which the seed or fruit develops. <...>. a plant grown for the beauty of itsflowers) (Edited by John Simpson, 2008: 234). The lexemes `bloom ' and `blossom ' are defined as synonyms of `flower '. Thus, `bloom ' is “the flower of a seed plant: an individual flower” (Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, 238); “a flower (usually one on a plant that people admire for its flowers)” (Edited by John Simpson, 2008: 346). The synonym `blossom ' is defined as “the flower of a seed plant” (Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, 238); “a flower or a mass offlowers, especially on a fruit tree or bush” (Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, 327).

The French correlate fleur ' is interpreted as “partie des plantes phanerogames, qui porte les organes reproducteus. <...> plante qui porte des fleurs” (literally, a part of the obviously selective (flowering - our note - T.A.) plants that has reproductive organs. <...> a plant that has flowers) (Oxford advanced American dictionary: 560); “partie d'un vegetale qui se developppe generalement apres les feuilles, dont les pieces peuvent etre de couleurs vives et d'un parfum agreable, et qui, apres une existence passagere, est remplacee par le fruit <...>. Plante qu-on cultivee specialement pour la beaute ou le parfum de sa fleur” (literally, a part of a plant whose petals may be brightly coloured and pleasantly scented, and which, after a short existence, is replaced by the fruit <...>. A plant that is grown especially for the beauty and smell of its flower) (Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, 1980).

In Ukrainian, a `flower ' is “a part of a plant growing at the end of a stem or branch and consisting of a pistil, stamen and petals around them; usually has a different colour and a pleasant smell. <...> A herbaceous plant that has a formation at the end of the stem consisting of a core and petals around it” (edited by Bilodid, 1980: 135).

By a phraseological unit with a component-name of a flower we mean a phraseological unit, the main or dependent component of which is a word denoting the reproductive part of a plant, or a plant that has a reproductive organ, as well as a flowering plant grown for beauty, aroma, decoration, etc. Given that the term floronym is used to refer to plants as an object of linguistic study, given the scope of the concept of `flower ', the practice of studying the nominations offlowering plants (Robert, 1986; Oxford advanced American dictionary; Oxford advanced American dictionary], we consider it possible to use the definitions `component name of a flower ' and `component floronym ' as synonymous in the context of our research.

Key words: phraseological unit, the name of a flower, florolexeme.

Анотація

In line with the current anthropocentric paradigm of linguistics, the phraseological fUnd of a language is inexhaustible and, therefore, always a relevant topic for researchers. The system of stable word combinations reflects all spheres of the objective world, in the centre of which is a subject who cognises, interprets and embodies the results of cognitive activity in linguistic units, in particular, in phraseological units.

A characteristic feature of modern phraseology is the existence of various approaches to the study of the mechanisms of formation of stable phrases, their motivational basis, internal form, etc. The most developed are the structural and semantic analysis of phrases (L. Smith, A. McKay, O. Levchenko), ideographic (Y. Solodub), linguistic and cultural (Z. Kotsiuba, V. Sheveliuk), cognitive (M. Alefirenko, Y. Apresyan, S. Oleynik), etc.

Phraseological units with the component `flower name' as nominative and characterological signs of the naive world picture can be grouped on the basis of a common semantic dominant - a common theme - i.e. can be characterised in semantic and thematic terms. To this end, the ideographic classification of phraseological units with a phloronym component seems relevant in the context of the tasks of the research work, since this, in our opinion, will make it possible to carry out a semantic analysis of the FPs, to identify the peculiarities of representation of a certain fragment of the national and linguistic world picture by phraseological units with a common semantic component, as well as to reveal systemic connections between the members of the thematic groups. The флоролексема.

determination of their structural and semantic types also depends on a consistent and complete ideographic systematization of the phraseological units (Алексахіна, 2013: 145).

It has already become axiomatic that phraseological phrases are the most vivid reflection of the specifics of the national worldview. As a rule, the components of such phrases are the names of objects of the surrounding world, including the names of plants. Florolexemes are quite often the object of research by many scholars (V. Zhayvoronok, N. Panasenko, A. Serdiuk, etc.). Of particular interest to us are the studies devoted to phraseological units with a plant component. However, despite the large number of works devoted to the study of both phraseological units and the functioning of plant names in the language, a number of problems remain unresolved. Among them, it is worth highlighting the study of the semantics and structure of stable phrases with the component “flower name” in the comparative aspect.

Thus, the relevance of our study is determined by the need to study the specifics of phraseological units with flower names in their structure on the basis of the languages of three different groups (Germanic, Romance and Slavic) of the IndoEuropean family.

The aim of our study is to identify the peculiarities of phraseological units with the component “flower name”. This goal involves solving the following tasks: to clarify the concept of “flower name” on the material of English, French and Ukrainian; to identify the range of flower names in the phraseological corpora of the studied languages; to establish universal and ethnospecific features in the choice of flower names as a component of phraseological units.

In the minds of Europeans, flowers usually include the same plants, in particular, roses, lilies, poppies, lilacs, carnations, etc. However, as the preliminary data of our research show, there is a certain asymmetry in the studied languages in terms of the definition of such plants. Such a discrepancy is evident in French. Thus, according to the dictionary Robert P Dictionnaire alphabetique et analogique de la langue francaise, the main flowers used for decoration include, in addition to traditional ones, other plants that are not considered flowers in our minds, such as hawthorn, thistle, valerian, dope, St. John's wort, laurel, sage, clover, etc. (Edited by John Simpson, 2008: 560-561).

Based on the above definitions, in our study, we will consider the component «name of the flower» to mean not only the reproductive part of any plant (our breakdown - T.A.), but also the entire flowering herbaceous plant itself, which is grown for beauty, aroma, and decoration. At the same time, in French, we take into account the peculiarities of the abovementioned interpretation of the lexeme “fleur” (Robert,1986: 560-561).

Using the method of continuous sampling, we have studied more than 1300 phraseological units with the component “flower name”. We have found an approximate parity in the number of flower names in the studied phrases. The French phraseological corpus dominates with a slight advantage in this respect: we have recorded stable phrases with 39 flower names: ajonc Genista, angelique Angelica, aubepine Crataegus, begonia Begonia, belis Bellis, bouton d'or Ranunculus, bruyere Calluna, camelia Camellia, camomille Matricaria, chardon Cirsium, coquelicot Papaver, fleur Flos, fleurette Flos, fleuron Flos, genet Genista, giroflee Matthiola, jasmin Jasminum, jaunet Nuphar, joubarbe Sempervivum, laurier Lauras, lavande Lavandula, lilas Syringa, lis Lilium, lys Lilium, marguerite Bellis, mauve Malva, orchidee Orchis, paquerette Bellis, pissenlit Taraxacum, pivoine Paeonia, renoncule Ranunculus, rose Rosa, rue Ruta, sauge Salvia, scabieuse Scabiosa, souci Calendula, trefle Trifolium, tulipe Tulipa, violette Viola.

We have identified 37 names of flowers in the structure of the studied English phraseological units: blaver Campanula, bloom Flos, blossom Flos, bluebell Campanula, broom Cytisus, chamomile Matricaria, crocus Crocus, crowfoot Ranunculus, daffodil Narcissus, dahlia Dahlia, daisy Bellis, dandelion Taraxacum, flower Flos, furze Genista, gillyflower Mathiola, gorse Genista, harebell Campanula, heather Calluna, lavender Lavandula, lilac Syringa, lily Lilium, lily Lilium, lotus Nelumbium, lychnis Lychnis, Michaelmas daisy Aster, passion-flower Passiflora, pink Dianthus, poppy Papaver, primrose Primula, ragged Coronaria, rose Rosa, tulip Tulipa, violet Viola, virgin's bower Clematis, wallflower Cheiranthus, water-lily Nymphaea, whins Genista.

The smallest inventory of flower names in Ukrainian stable phrases is 30 florolexemes: Vinca periwinkle, Syringa lilac, Centaurea cornflower, Centaurea cornflower, Flos flower, Flos flower, Flos flower, Lilium krin, Lilium lily, Papaver poppy, Papaver top, Papaver poppy, Papaver poppy, Pyrethrum maruna, lady's mugwort Rosa, cockscomb Iris, peony Paeonia, mugwort Malva, rose Rosa, rose Rosa, chamomile Matricaria, rue Rosa, rue Ruta, sleep Pulsatilla, rose Rosa, violet Viola, flower Flos, flower Flos, flower Flos, marigold Tagetes.