Оскарження рішень третейських судів у порядку цивільного судочинства

Диссертация на получение научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.03 - гражданское право и гражданский процесс; семейное право; международное частное право. - Институт государства и права им. В.М. Корецкого НАН Украины, Киев, 2018.

Диссертация посвящена исследованию процессуальных аспектов рассмотрения дел об обжаловании решений третейских судов. Обосновывается, что рассмотрение компетентными государственными судами таких дел является проявлением контрольной функции со стороны государства за соблюдением участниками третейского рассмотрения при заключении третейского соглашения и третейскими судами при рассмотрении ими дел, законодательства в сфере третейского судопроизводства. Обоснован вывод относительно ограниченности контролирующей функции государственных судов основаниями определенными законом и возможности её реализации лишь при наличии обращения заинтересованного лица.

Особенности рассмотрения таких дел обусловлены правовой природой третейского судопроизводства, которая объединяет договорные и юрисдикционные элементы и особенностями процессуальной деятельности участников такого рассмотрения, которая направлена на доказывание наличия или отсутствия определенных законом оснований для отмены решения третейского суда. Внесены предложения относительно усовершенствования гражданского процессуального законодательства Украины.

Ключевые слова: третейский суд, третейское соглашение, третейское разбирательство, решение третейского суда, компетентный суд, обжалование решения третейского суда, постановление по делу об обжаловании решения третейского суда.

SUMMARY

Kotviakovskyi Yu.О. Appeal against decisions of arbitration courts in civil court proceedings. - Manuscript copyright.

Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Law on specialty 12.00.03 “Civil law and civil procedure; family law; international private law” - V.M. Koretskyi Institute of State and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2018.

In the thesis theoretical bases of appeal against decisions of arbitration courts in civil legal court proceedings are investigated. It is substantiated that the obligatory condition for the arbitration of disputes is the presence of an arbitration agreement concluded between the parties, which determines the range of controversial legal relations, a specific arbitration court to which the parties submit their dispute, as well as, in the case of consideration of the case by the arbitral tribunal to resolve a particular dispute (the court ad hoc), the rules of such consideration.

It is proved that the peculiarities of the arbitration proceedings are determined by the legal nature of the arbitration proceedings and find expression in the independent decision of the arbitral tribunal on the existence or lack of competence for the consideration of a particular dispute, the special procedure for the formation of the personal composition of the arbitral tribunal, and the simplified procedure for the arbitral tribunal.

Based on a comparative analysis of the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On Arbitration Courts” and the arbitration legislation of several countries of the world, a conclusion has been made on the significant limitation of the scope of application of arbitration proceedings in Ukraine. The expediency of introducing the property liability of arbitrators in the case of the cancellation of their decisions by the competent state court on grounds determined by law is argued.

The existence of prerequisites for the right to appeal to the arbitration court is justified, among which: the right to appeal to the arbitration court; the existence of a clearly defined list of cases that are not within the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal; the right to choose and form the arbitral tribunal and the composition of the judges - a court ad hoc or a standing arbitral tribunal; the right to conclude an arbitration agreement. Attention is drawn to their interrelation with the preconditions for the right to appeal against decisions of arbitration courts and the conditions for the exercise of such a right.

It is proved that the decisions of the arbitration courts must comply with the requirements of legality and reasonableness. The legality of the arbitral decision is related to the compliance by the arbitration court with the requirements of the law on the jurisdiction of the case, the composition of the court, as well as the resolution of the dispute, in strict compliance with this arbitration agreement on the rights and obligations of the persons who concluded it. The reasonableness of the arbitration decision is connected with the requirement of Part 1 of Art. 45 of the Law of Ukraine “On Arbitration Courts” regarding the adoption of a decision after examining all the circumstances of the case, although such a decision cannot be canceled on grounds of incompleteness of clarifying the circumstances of the case by the arbitral tribunal. Other properties of the decisions of the arbitration courts are also investigated, in particular: their control by the competent state courts, feasibility, compulsion, finality, prejudice.

Based on the analysis of the grounds for the cancellation of the decisions of the arbitration courts defined in Part 3 of Art. 51 of the Law of Ukraine “On Arbitration Courts” and Part 2 of Art. 458 of the Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine, it is concluded that it is necessary to specify disputable legal relations in the arbitration agreement submitted for consideration to the arbitration court, as well as the legislative definition of the list of grounds where the arbitration agreement can be declared invalid. A proposal is made to grant competent courts the right to cancel the decisions of the arbitral tribunals if the arbitration court has considered the case in the absence of any of the participants who have not been properly notified of the date, time and place of the arbitral tribunal. The importance of introducing an arbitration objection to the decision of the ad hoc arbitration court on the grounds of improper application of the rules of substantive law, which can be submitted to a standing arbitration court, is also substantiated.

It has been proved that the task of judicial review of complaints against the arbitral decision is not to establish the correct application of the rules of substantive and procedural law by the arbitral tribunal, but to verify legality in the conclusion of an arbitration agreement, the formation of the composition of the arbitral tribunal, review of the case, the resolution of it in strict compliance with the arbitration agreement and regarding the interests of the parties to such an agreement. In this regard, evidence other than those examined by the arbitral tribunal in the examination of the case are subject to study, in particular: the arbitration agreement, the regulations of the standing arbitration court, the decisions of the arbitral tribunal, the testimony of the participants in the arbitral proceedings and the arbitrators interrogated as witnesses.

A conclusion is drawn about the special nature of the ruling in appeals against decisions of arbitration courts, since it does not contain conclusions on the property rights and obligations of the parties to the arbitration proceedings, but serves as an official recognition by the state, in the person of the competent court, of the fact that the arbitral tribunal exercises its powers in accordance with current legislation, or official confirmation of the existence of procedural violations in the actions of this body.

Keywords: arbitration agreement, arbitration proceedings, arbitration court decision, competent court, appeal against the decision of the arbitral tribunal, resolution on the case of appeal against the decision of the arbitral tribunal.

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