Функціональний стан правого шлуночка, міжшлуночкова взаємодія, їх корекція каптоприлом у хворих на гострий інфаркт міокарда різної локалізації

Діагностика розладів гемодинаміки у хворих із гострим інфарктом міокарда різної локалізації. Прогностичне значення та можливості корекції захворювання за допомогою каптоприлу. Вивчення основних причин виникнення легеневої гіпертензії та інфаркту.

Рубрика Медицина
Вид автореферат
Язык украинский
Дата добавления 22.06.2014
Размер файла 120,0 K

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Ключевые слова: инфаркт миокарда, правый желудочек, межжелудочковое взаимодействие, диастолическая функция, каптоприл.

Summary

Komorovsky, R.R. Right ventricular function, ventricular interaction, their correction with captopril in patients with acute myocardial infarction of various location.- Manuscript.

Thesis for the scientific degree of candidate of medical sciences in specialty 14.01.02 - internal medicine.- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical Academy, Ternopil, 2002.

The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms of formation and prognostic implications of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with left ventricular (LV) myocardial infarction (MI) as well as to study the characteristics of ventricular interaction in these patients and the possibilities of their correction with captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

115 consecutive patients with first non-complicated LV MI were examined by Doppler echocardiography in 3, 20, and 90 days after onset of the disease. Along with standard echocardiographic indices, LV and RV systolic function and diastolic filling parameters, mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) were evaluated.

The signs of RV diastolic dysfunction were revealed in 87 % patients, whereas RV systolic function remained within normal limits. RV function parameters depended on the site and spread of the necrosis zone, initial LV systolic and diastolic function parameters, interventricular septum contractility and presence of the pulmonary hypertension. A clear tendency for the transtricuspid E/A ratio to be lower and for DecT to be longer (p=0.06) was seen in patients with non-Q MI compared with those with inferior Q-wave MI. The transtricuspid filling parameters dynamics was similar to that of transmitral flow: a tendency towards the increase of E/A ratio was observed in both anterior and inferior Q-wave MI, reflecting the formation of pseudonormal/restrictive filling patterns. The opposite was seen in non-Q MI patients: E/A ratio decreased, reflecting the impaired relaxation filling pattern formation.

In patients with anterior Q-wave MI the increase of MPAP correlated with transtricuspid flow pseudonormalization, i.e. the increase of E/A ratio (r=0.4505, p=0.001) and the decrease of E-wave DecT (r=-0.3399, p=0.016). In inferior Q-wave MI a significant correlation between MPAP and RV EDD was seen (r=0.5028, p=0.001). In non-Q MI no significant correlations between MPAP and RV indices were seen.

The RV filling parameters were overall pseudonormalized in low LV systolic function (E/A=1.200.77, DecT=188.5763.08 ms), within the impaired relaxation pattern in moderately decreased LV EF (E/A=1.000.43, DecT=216.5557.47 ms), and normal in preserved LV contractility (E/A=1.170.28, DecT=205.8028.00 ms). In low LV EF the RV EDD was significantly larger than in moderately decreased and preserved systolic function. Non-parametric Kendall's correlation analysis revealed that the individual interventricular septum hypokinesis score in patients with anterior both Q-wave and non-Q MI correlated with RV diastolic filling parameters, i.e. significantly correlated with transtricuspid E/A ratio (ф=0.212, р=0.02) and E-wave DecT (ф=-0,333, р=0,0002). Hence, the interventricular septum hypokinesis correlated with RV pseudonormal/restrictive filling pattern formation.

Increased ventricular interaction was common in LV restrictive filling pattern, anterior MI, in patients without myocardial hypertrophy and with signs of pulmonary hypertension. Concomitant RV impaired relaxation means lower probability of LV dilation and a greater possibility of further LV function recovery.

In LV impaired relaxation and pseudonormal filling the RV impaired relaxation was generally observed. In LV restrictive filling pattern in patients with anterior and inferior Q-wave MI RV pseudonormal filling pattern was significantly (р<0.05) more frequent. The progression of LV diastolic dysfunction from impaired relaxation through pseudonormalization to restrictive filling pattern during the follow-up period was associated with the RV pseudonormal/restrictive filling pattern formation. There was a distinct correlation (r=0.2159, p=0.03) between transmitral IVRT and AccT of the pulmonary artery systolic flow. Furthermore, the increase of transmitral E/A ratio was accompanied by the shortening of AccT of the pulmonary artery systolic flow (r=-0.3685, p<0.0001). The latter correlated significantly with DecT (r=0.23, p=0.017) and marginally with E/A ratio (r=-0.18, p=0,065) of transtricuspid flow. There was also a significant correlation of MPAP with RV end-diastolic dimension (EDD) (r=0.21, p=0.03) and RV wall thickness (r=0.25, p=0.008).

RV diastolic dysfunction resulted also from the increased ventricular interaction observed in anterior MI and in patients without myocardial hypertrophy. In patients without myocardial hypertrophy LV EF correlated significantly with transtricuspid E/A ratio and DecT. Similar correlations were observed in patients with anterior MI (r=-0.3539, p=0.032 and r=0.3849, p=0.014, respectively), being the most prominent in patients with anterior MI without LV hypertrophy.

Initial disturbances of ventricular filling were predictive of further serial changes of Doppler echocardiographic indices. In restrictive LV filling pattern with concomitant impaired RV relaxation, significant increase of LV ejection fraction (EF) was observed (p=0.045) and LV EDD did not change significantly, although the overall changes of LV EF in restrictive LV filling were not significant and LV EDD significantly increased (p=0.0006). The combination of restrictive or pseudonormalized LV filling with pseudonormalized transtricuspid flow was associated with the marked LV EDD increase (p=0.0005) and the significant decrease of LV EF (p=0.04).

Administration of captopril from the third day of acute non-complicated MI resulted in significant improvement of both biventricular diastolic filling and LV systolic function. The above effect was more prominent in LV restrictive filling pattern, transtricuspid flow pseudonormalization, and in the presence of pulmonary hypertension.

Keywords: myocardial infarction, right ventricle, ventricular interaction, diastolic function, captopril.

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