Особливості імунореактивності дітей, народжених від батьків-ліквідаторів аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС

Вивчення особливостей функціонування імунної системи дітей, народжених від батьків-ліквідаторів аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС. Розкриття механізмів, що призводять до імунних розладів. Обґрунтування основних підходів до реабілітації імунної системи дітей.

Рубрика Медицина
Вид автореферат
Язык украинский
Дата добавления 22.07.2014
Размер файла 46,7 K

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The majority of the children (68 %) had the polypathology combined with immune disorders which were displayed in the from of immunodeficiency state at a half of them. The violations of Т-system of immunity (53,5 %) are characteristic for this group of children. The third part had some changes in B-system (35,0 %) and in the macrophagocyte link (31,5 %). In the group of comparison the violations of the immune status were defined twice as rare (32,0 % of children). The changes of the phagocyte link were met more often than not (25,0 %), more rarely - in B-link (16,5 %) and Т-link (15,0 %).

The depression of Т-system of immunity which is accompanied by reduction of a level of serum Ig A, Ig M and secretor Ig A and reduction of phagocyte activity of neutrophils against the background of activation of metabolic processes which are supported by oxygen are pacularities of the immune status of children born of the fathers - liquidator. The deeper changes of immunological parameters are characteristic for these children than in the group of comparison.

In the serum of blood of 71,0 % of children of the basic group (and only 18,0 % of the children of the group of comparison) we have discovered heterophil hemolysins and autobodies to thyreaglobulin, macrosome antigen, native and denaturant DNA. Practically all these children were included in a group of children with changed indices of the immune status. The raise of the content of autobodies of various specificity in the basic group is not accompanied by development of autoimmunity pathology but it is an index reflecting a degree of immune disorders that this quota has.

The children born of the fathers - liquidator have immunodeficiency state (36,5 %) three times more often and it is displayed in a clinical way in the form of infectious (21,0 %) and infectional-allergic syndromes (14,5 %).

Structural and functional reorganizations of membranes of immunocompetent cells which is characterized by violation of protein-lipid interactions, by increase of polarity of lipids of membranes, by reductions of a part of neutral lipids lead to violation of its microviscosity and structural and functional characteristics.

Modifications of structuraly functional properties of membranes of immunocompetent cells are accompanied by reduction of expression of their receptors and reduction of functional activity. It educes on a background of activation of processes of lipids peroxidation and depressing antioxidate guard. Besides its suppressor factors are discovered in these children in Serum.

The large frequency of immune disorders at children born of the fathers - liquidator dictates necessity of their dispensary observation and they want for consultation an immunologist with carrying out of appropriate diagnostic researches and immunorehabilitation. Taking into account detected mechanisms of development of immune disorders preparations improving phospholipids structure of cells membranes, antioxidants and preparations normalizing metabolism and nucleic interchanging of cells should be laid in the basis of a pathogenic therapy.

Key word: children, liquidator of the accident on Chernobyl Atomic Power Station, state of health, immune status, lymphocytes, lipid peroxidation, redox-system of tocopherol, antioxidant activity, immunorehabilitation.

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