ó㳺í³÷íà îö³íêà åêîëîã³÷íîãî ñåðåäîâèùà ñ³ëüñüêèõ ðàéîí³â Äîíåöüêî¿ îáëàñò³ òà éîãî âïëèâó íà îíêîëîã³÷íó çàõâîðþâàí³ñòü íàñåëåííÿ
Äîñë³äæåííÿ âïëèâó ôàêòîð³â íàâêîëèøíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà íà ÷àñòîòó âèíèêíåííÿ çëîÿê³ñíèõ íîâîóòâîðåíü ñåðåä ñ³ëüñüêîãî íàñåëåííÿ. Îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ òà ðîçðîáêà ïðèíöèï³â ³ çàõîä³â ïåðâèííî¿ ïðîô³ëàêòèêè îíêîëîã³÷íèõ çàõâîðþâàíü ó æèòåë³â ñ³ë Äîíåöüêî¿ îáëàñò³.
Ðóáðèêà | Ìåäèöèíà |
Âèä | àâòîðåôåðàò |
ßçûê | óêðàèíñêèé |
Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ | 30.07.2014 |
Ðàçìåð ôàéëà | 48,0 K |
Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå
Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.
Çà 20 ïîñëåäíèõ ëåò îíêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ çàáîëåâàåìîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ Óêðàèíû óâåëè÷èëàñü ó ìóæ÷èí íà 24%, à ó æåíùèí íà 9%.  90-õ ãîäàõ îòìå÷àëñÿ àêòèâíûé ðîñò ýòîé ïàòîëîãèè ñðåäè ðàçëè÷íûõ âîçðàñòíûõ è ñîöèàëüíûõ êîíòèíãåíòîâ íàñåëåíèÿ Óêðàèíû.
Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî âîçäóøíàÿ ñðåäà â ñåëüñêèõ íàñåëåííûõ ïóíêòàõ ñîäåðæèò øèðîêèé ñïåêòð âðåäíûõ õèìè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ (22 âåùåñòâà), ÷àñòü èç êîòîðûõ ïîñòîÿííî íàõîäèòñÿ â êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ ïðåâûøàþùèõ ÏÄÊ (2,30,06 - 32,60,2% ïðîá). Ñóììàðíàÿ êîíöåíòðàöèÿ (Êñóì) âðåäíûõ õèìè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ â âîçäóõå ñîñòàâëÿåò 4,3 - 21,5 ìã/ì³, à êîìïëåêñíûé ïîêàçàòåëü çàãðÿçíåíèÿ (Ð) 2,6 - 15,0.  àòìîñôåðíîì âîçäóõå ñåëüñêèõ íàñåëåííûõ ìåñò ïîñòîÿííî ðåãèñòðèðóåòñÿ 3,4 áåíç(à)ïèðåí â êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ âûøå ÏÄÊ îò (1,08 äî 3,28 ìã/ì³). Òîëüêî â 2-õ ñåëüñêèõ ðàéîíàõ åãî êîíöåíòðàöèÿ íå ïðåâûøàåò ÏÄÊ.  áîëåå ÷åì 50 % ñåëüñêèõ ðàéîíîâ êîíöåíòðàöèÿ áåíç(à)ïèðåíà ïðåâûøàåò ÏÄÊ â 2,0-3,2 ðàçà.
 âîäîåìû ñåëüñêîé ìåñòíîñòè åæåãîäíî ñáðàñûâàþòñÿ â áîëüøèõ êîëè÷åñòâàõ ïðîìûøëåííûå ñòî÷íûå âîäû (0,6 òûñ./êã./ì²/÷åë/ãîä) è ÿäîõèìèêàòû (0,52 êã/÷åë/ãîä).
Ïèòüåâàÿ âîäà â ñåëüñêèõ íàñåëåííûõ ïóíêòàõ ðåçêî îòëè÷àåòñÿ ïî ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì è óðîâíþ õèìè÷åñêîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ (óäåëüíûé âåñ ïðîá ñ îòêëîíåíèåì îò ãèãèåíè÷åñêèõ íîðì êîëåáëåòñÿ îò 4,5 äî 80,9 %).
Ïî÷âà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ïîëåé è ñåëüñêèõ íàñåëåííûõ ìåñò ñîäåðæèò øèðîêèé ñïåêòð õèìè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ ïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ â êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ, ïðåâûøàþùèõ ÏÄÊ: ìåäü â 9,3-22, ðòóòü - 1,23-12,4, öèíê - 1,26-19,7, ñâèíåö - 1,16-5,26, îëîâî - 1,37-2,3, ìîëèáäåí - 12-28, õðîì - 13,4-116,4 ðàç è äðóãèå.
Îíêîçàáîëåâàåìîñòü ñåëüñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ ðàçäåëÿåòñÿ ïî ëîêàëèçàöèè íà 19 âèäîâ, à ïî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîñòè íà 11 óðîâíåé. Ñàìûå âûñîêèå óðîâíè õàðàêòåðíû äëÿ ÷àñòîòû îíêîëîãè÷åñêèõ çàáîëåâàíèé ëåãêèõ (42,961,8 ñëó÷àåâ íà 100000), æåëóäêà (27,591,4 ñëó÷àåâ íà 100000), êîæè (22,51,3 ñëó÷àåâ íà 100000), ìîëî÷íîé æåëåçû (12,651,0 ñëó÷àåâ íà 100000).
Ñðåäíèå ïîêàçàòåëè îíêîëîãè÷åñêîé çàáîëåâàåìîñòè ñåëüñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ ýêîêðèçèñíîãî ðåãèîíà ñîñòàâëÿþò 213,95,7 ñëó÷àåâ, ìàêñèìàëüíûå 457,0 ñëó÷àåâ, à ìèíèìàëüíûå 84,0 ñëó÷àåâ íà 100000 ÷åëîâåê. Ñóáìèíèìàëüíûå âîçðàñòíûå ïîêàçàòåëè ðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ äî 30 ëåò (12,9 ñëó÷àåâ íà 100000 ÷åë.).
Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî îíêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïîðàæåííîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ, ïðîæèâàþùåãî â óñëîâèÿõ çàãðÿçíåííîé âîçäóøíîé ñðåäû, íîñèò ãåíåðàëèçîâàííûé õàðàêòåð, ïðè êîòîðîì ñ âûñîêîé ÷àñòîòîé ïîðàæàþòñÿ ðàçëè÷íûå îðãàíû è ñèñòåìû, íî íàèáîëåå âûñîêèé óðîâåíü çàáîëåâàåìîñòè îòìå÷àåòñÿ ïî íîâîîáðàçîâàíèÿì òðàõåè, áðîíõîâ è ëåãêèõ (âûøå â 1,8 ðàç), ïèùåâîäà (â 2,5 ðàçà), ïîëîñòè ðòà è ãëîòêè (â 1,9 ðàçà), ìî÷åâîãî ïóçûðÿ, ñîåäèíèòåëüíîé òêàíè (â 1,7 ðàç) è êîæè (â 1,5 ðàçà).
 óñëîâèÿõ ñâåðõíîðìàòèâíîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ ïî÷âû òÿæåëûìè ìåòàëëàìè íàáëþäàþòñÿ âûñîêèå óðîâíè çàáîëåâàåìîñòè ñåëüñêèõ æèòåëåé îïóõîëÿìè îðãàíîâ æåíñêîé ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñôåðû (ìîëî÷íîé æåëåçû, ÿè÷íèêîâ, ìàòêè è òåëà ìàòêè), îáîäî÷íîé è ïðÿìîé êèøêè, ìî÷åâîãî ïóçûðÿ è ëèìôàòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû.
Ñâîéñòâàìè ôàêòîðà îíêîðèñêà îáëàäàåò, ïðåæäå âñåãî, êîìïëåêñ òàêèõ ìåòàëëîâ, êàê õðîì, íèêåëü, áåðèëëèé, ñâèíåö, ðòóòü, öèíê. Äëèòåëüíîå ïðîæèâàíèå â íàñåëåííûõ ïóíêòàõ ñ çàãðÿçíåííîé òÿæåëûìè ìåòàëëàìè ïî÷âîé ïðèâîäèò ê çíà÷èòåëüíîìó íàêîïëåíèþ èõ â îðãàíèçìå ÷åëîâåêà, ïðè ýòîì òàêèå ïîïóëÿöèè íàñåëåíèÿ èìåþò áîëåå âûñîêèé óðîâåíü îíêîçàáîëåâàåìîñòè. Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ïî÷âå ãðóïïû ë¸ãêèõ ìåòàëëîâ (ìàãíèé, ëèòèé, áàðèé, âèñìóò, ìîëèáäåí) â ïîâûøåííûõ êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ (âûøå ôîíîâûõ) îòìå÷àþòñÿ áîëåå íèçêèå óðîâíè îíêîëîãè÷åñêîé çàáîëåâàåìîñòè ñåëüñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ.
Ñðåäè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðàáî÷èõ, òåñíî êîíòàêòèðóþùèõ ñ ÿäîõèìèêàòàìè â òå÷åíèå 15-20 ëåò ïðè îáðàáîòêå ðàñòåíèé, îòìå÷àåòñÿ âûñîêàÿ çàáîëåâàåìîñòü íîâîîáðàçîâàíèÿìè îðãàíîâ äûõàíèÿ, æåëóäêà è ïðÿìîé êèøêè.
Ñðåäè íàñåëåíèÿ, óïîòðåáëÿþùåãî íà ïðîòÿæåíèè áîëåå 10 ëåò íåêà÷åñòâåííóþ ïî ìèíåðàëüíîìó ñîñòàâó, çàãðÿçí¸ííóþ àíòðîïîãåííûìè êñåíîáèîòèêàìè âîäó îòìå÷àåòñÿ âûñîêàÿ çàáîëåâàåìîñòü ðàêîì æåëóäêà, ìî÷åâîãî ïóçûðÿ è ãåìîáëàñòîçàìè.
Ðàçðàáîòàíû ïðèíöèïû è ìåðû îïòèìèçàöèè îõðàíû, à òàêæå îçäîðîâëåíèÿ ñåëüñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñðåäû è èíäèâèäóàëüíîé ïðîôèëàêòèêè îíêîçàáîëåâàåìîñòè ñåëüñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ýêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñðåäà, îíêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ çàáîëåâàåìîñòü, ñåëüñêîå íàñåëåíèå, ïðîôèëàêòèêà, ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ôàêòîðû.
Kogutnitsky V.V. Hygienic estimation of the ecological environment of rural regions of Donetsk range and her influence on in the formation of oncologic sick rate of the population. - Manuscript.
The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of medical sciences on a speciality 14.02.01 - Hygiene. - Donetsk State medical university after M. Gorky, Donetsk, 2005.
The dissertation is devoted to a problem of an estimation of a hygienic condition of the ecological environment in a countryside in industrialized areas and differentiate to the importance of its factors in formation of oncological desease of agricultural population.
It is established, what the air environment contains a wide spectrum of harmful chemical substances (22 substances) in rural settlements, the part from which constantly is in concentration of exceeding maximum concentration limits (2,30,06-32,60,2% tests). Potable water in rural settlements sharply differs under physical and chemical characteristics and a level of chemical pollution (densities of tests with a deviation(rejection) from hygienic norms changes from 4,5 up to 80,9%.
The ground of agricultural fields and the rural occupied places contains a wide spectrum of chemical elements of an industrial origin in concentration of exceeding maximum concentration limits: cuprum in 9,3-22, mercury - 1,23-12,4, zinc - 1,26-19,7, lead - 1,16-5,26, tin-1,37-2,3, molybdenum - 12-28, chrome - 13,4-116,4 times and others.
Oncological desease agricultural population differs on localization on 19 kinds, and on prevalence on 11 levels. The high levels are characteristic for oncological desease easy (42,961,8 cases on 100000), a stomach (27,591,4 cases on 100000), leather(skin) (22,51,3 cases on 100000), dairy gland (12,651,0 cases on 100000). Principles and measures of optimization of protection and improvement of the rural ecological environment and individual preventive maintenance oncological desease agricultural population are developed. Methodical recommendations are issued.
Key words: the ecological environment, oncological desease, rural population, prophylaxis, ecological factors.
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Ñåëåíîâèé ñòàòóñ îðãàí³çìó ëþäèíè. ó㳺í³÷íà îö³íêà âì³ñòó ñåëåíó â íàâêîëèøíüîìó ñåðåäîâèù³ òà îðãàí³çì³ ëþäèíè, éîãî âïëèâ íà ïîêàçíèêè çäîðîâ’ÿ ÿê íàóêîâå îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ ðîçðîáêè ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íèõ çàõîä³â. Á³îìîí³òîðèíã ñåëåíó òà ³íøèõ ì³êðîåëåìåíò³â.
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êîíòðîëüíàÿ ðàáîòà [236,5 K], äîáàâëåí 21.05.2013Îñîáëèâîñò³ çëîÿê³ñíèõ êë³òèí, ¿õ õàðàêòåðí³ â³äì³ííîñò³. Á³îõ³ì³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè ³ ïðîöåñè â òêàíèíàõ ïóõëèí òà ïóõëèíîíîñ³¿â. Ç’ÿñóâàííÿ ìåõàí³çì³â 䳿 NSE äëÿ ðîçðîáêè íîâèõ ë³êóâàëüíèõ ïðåïàðàò³â â êîìïëåêñ³ ë³êóâàëüíèõ çàõîä³â îíêîëîã³÷íèõ çàõâîðþâàíü.
àâòîðåôåðàò [42,6 K], äîáàâëåí 09.03.2009²ñòîðè÷í³ â³äîìîñò³, ïðèñâÿ÷åí³ äîñë³äæåííþ ðàêó ëåãåí³. Ñó÷àñí³ óÿâëåííÿ ïðî ïàòîãåíåç. Êë³í³êî-àíàòîì³÷í³ ôîðìè, ë³êóâàííÿ. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà Ñóìñüêîãî îáëàñíîãî êë³í³÷íîãî îíêîëîã³÷íîãî äèñïàíñåðó, ñòàòèñòè÷í³ â³äîìîñò³ çàõâîðþâàíîñò³ íà ðàê ëåãåí³â.
äèïëîìíàÿ ðàáîòà [153,0 K], äîáàâëåí 24.02.2012Çàãàëüíèé îãëÿä ïðîáëåì ñòàíó çäîðîâ'ÿ íàñåëåííÿ íà ñó÷àñíîìó åòàï³, àíàë³ç ïðè÷èí ¿õ âèíèêíåííÿ òà ôàêòîð³â ðîçâèòêó. Îñîáëèâîñò³ ñòèëþ æèòòÿ ñó÷àñíî¿ ëþäèíè. Çäîðîâèé ñïîñ³á æèòòÿ ÿê ÷èííèê ôîðìóâàííÿ, çáåðåæåííÿ ³ çì³öíåííÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ íàñåëåííÿ.
êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [433,7 K], äîáàâëåí 05.01.2011Ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íà ìåäèöèíà ÿê íàïðÿìîê çáåðåæåííÿ òà çì³öíåííÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ íàñåëåííÿ. Âïðîâàäæåííÿ ïåðâèííî¿ ìåäèêî-ñàí³òàðíî¿ äîïîìîãè íà çàñàäàõ çàãàëüíî¿ ïðàêòèêè ñ³ìåéíî¿ ìåäèöèíè. Àíàë³ç íàóêîâî¿ ³íôîðìàö³¿ ð³çíèõ êðà¿í ç ïèòàíü ìåäè÷íî¿ ïðîô³ëàêòèêè.
àâòîðåôåðàò [94,0 K], äîáàâëåí 04.04.2009Âèâ÷åííÿ åï³çîîòè÷íî¿ ñèòóàö³¿ ùîäî õëàì³ä³îçó âåëèêî¿ ðîãàòî¿ õóäîáè ó òâàðèííèöüêèõ ãîñïîäàðñòâàõ Ñóìñüêî¿ îáëàñò³. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà êë³í³÷íî¿ ñèìïòîìàòèêè ó íîâîíàðîäæåíèõ òåëÿò. Äîñë³äæåííÿ ìåòîä³â ä³àãíîñòèêè, ïðîô³ëàêòèêè ³ áîðîòüáè ç ö³ºþ õâîðîáîþ.
äèïëîìíàÿ ðàáîòà [122,8 K], äîáàâëåí 12.10.2011Ìåäèêî-äåìîãðàô³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè ñìåðòíîñò³ âíàñë³äîê îòðóºííÿ àëêîãîëåì ñåðåä íàñåëåííÿ Õàðê³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³, àíàë³ç ñòàíó ö³º¿ ïàòîëî㳿 çà îñòàíí³ 15 ðîê³â. Êðèòåð³àëüíà çíà÷èì³ñòü ïîêàçíèê³â êîíöåíòðàö³é åòàíîëó â êðîâ³ òà ñå÷³ ç óðàõóâàííÿì ñòàò³ ³ â³êó.
àâòîðåôåðàò [38,0 K], äîáàâëåí 02.04.2009Ðåòðîñïåêòèâíà ïîøèðåí³ñòü äèôóçíîãî åóòèðåî¿äíîãî òà âóçëîâîãî çîáà ó ä³òåé ϳâí³÷íîãî ðåã³îíó Óêðà¿íè. Îö³íêà ñòóïåíÿ éîäíîãî äåô³öèòó. Ñó÷àñí³ ìåòîäè ïðîô³ëàêòèêè éîäíî¿ íåäîñòàòíîñò³. Åôåêòèâí³ñòü ãðóïîâî¿ ïðîô³ëàêòèêè ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì âîäè "Éîä³ñ".
àâòîðåôåðàò [81,9 K], äîáàâëåí 21.03.2009Ðåïðîäóêòèâíà ñèñòåìà ÷îëîâ³êà ³ æ³íêè, ñîìàòè÷í³ çàõâîðþâàííÿ ³ áåçïë³äí³ñòü. Ñòàí ðåïðîäóêòèâíî¿ ôóíêö³¿ ó ÷îëîâ³ê³â-ë³êâ³äàòîð³â àâà𳿠íà ×ÀÅÑ. Îñíîâè áåçïåêè íàñåëåííÿ íà ðàä³àö³éíî çàáðóäíåíèõ òåðèòîð³ÿõ. Îñíîâí³ ïðèíöèïè çàõèñòó òà ë³êóâàííÿ.
êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [152,6 K], äîáàâëåí 26.09.2009Ïðè÷èíè òà ñòðóêòóðà òðàâìàòèçìó õðåáòà ñåðåä íàñåëåííÿ ªâðîïè òà Óêðà¿íè, ð³âåíü ³íâàë³äèçàö³¿ íàñåëåííÿ ï³ñëÿ òàêèõ òðàâì. Ïðîâåäåííÿ åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîãî àíàë³çó ôàêòîð³â, ùî âïëèâàþòü íà â³äíîâëåííÿ ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ çà äîïîìîãîþ ³íòåíñèâíîãî òðåí³íãó.
äèïëîìíàÿ ðàáîòà [1,5 M], äîáàâëåí 02.12.2010³äíîñí³ é ïðÿì³ ïîêàçàííÿ òà íàñë³äêè êåñàðåâà ðîçòèíó. Äîñë³äæåííÿ âïëèâó ôàêòîð³â íà â³äíîâëåííÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ òà ô³çè÷íèé ðîçâèòîê ä³òåé, íàðîäæåíèõ øëÿõîì êåñàðåâà ðîçòèíó. Ðîçðîáêà êîìïëåêñó çàõîä³â ïî âïðîâàäæåííþ ïðîãðàìè ðåàá³ë³òàö³¿ òàêèõ ä³òåé.
äèïëîìíàÿ ðàáîòà [266,5 K], äîáàâëåí 14.12.2010гâåíü ³íô³êîâàíîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ ïëàíåòè â³ðóñîì ãåïàòèòó Ñ. Âèÿâëåííÿ ïîøèðåíîñò³ ð³çíèõ ãåíîòèï³â â³ðóñó ñåðåä õâîðèõ íà õðîí³÷íèé ãåïàòèò Ñ â Ïîä³ëüñüêîìó ðåã³îí³ Óêðà¿íè, ÷àñòîòó âèçíà÷åííÿ â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä â³êó, ñòàò³, øëÿõ³â òà ôàêòîð³â ³íô³êóâàííÿ.
àâòîðåôåðàò [38,6 K], äîáàâëåí 07.04.2009ó㳺í³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà îêðåìèõ ðàéîí³â ìîðñüêîãî óçáåðåææÿ Îäåñüêî¿ çàòîêè, ÿê³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ ç ðåêðåàö³éíîþ òà ë³êóâàëüíî-îçäîðîâ÷îþ ìåòîþ. Îö³íêà ñòàíó çäîðîâ'ÿ ä³òåé íà ïî÷àòêó òà íàïðèê³íö³ îçäîðîâëåííÿ â óìîâàõ ìîðñüêîãî êë³ìàòè÷íîãî êóðîðòó.
àâòîðåôåðàò [93,0 K], äîáàâëåí 09.03.2009