Использование пословиц и поговорок в обучении английскому языку в средней школе

При этом ученики могут сами выбирать пословицу. Приведем примеры таких высказываний учащихся (текст излагается в оригинале).

Артем Т.: “Before you make a friend eat a bushel of salt with him”. There is no any person in the whole world, who can call his new friend true friend. His only best friends are his old friends who know him long ago, know his state of mind and thing that he likes. I believe it is true”.

Мария Ш.: My proverb is the following “We know not what is good until we have lost it”. I think this proverb can be explained in such a way. For example one can have a great sum of money and spend it on different useless things. And when he found that in his pocket no money at all he starts crying: Why did I waste my money. And this man understands that he had to keep his money, but it was too late.

По мере усложнения заданий от учащихся уже требуется не только выражение своего мнения, они должны научиться отстаивать его. В этом случае ученики должны работать в парах, так как наиболее подходящей формой заданий здесь являются задания на развитие диалогической речи.

Не сразу, но постепенно школьники все с большим энтузиазмом стали воспринимать работу с пословицами на уроке. Особенно им понравились задания с использованием наглядности (на соотнесение русских и английских пословиц, приложение 1) и дискуссии. Также им нравилось самим находит новые пословицы и проводить их толкование для класса:

Анастасия Р.: My proverb is the following “We know not what is good until we have lost it”. I think this proverb can be explained in such a way. For example one can have a great sum of money and spend it on different useless things. And when he or she found that in his or her pocket no money at all he or she starts crying: Why did I waste my money. And this man understands that he or she had to keep his/her money, but it was too late.

Но наибольший интерес вызвала защита проектов. Сначала учащиеся настороженно отнеслись к необходимости самим искать материал, разрабатывать наглядность и т.д. Однако когда они узнали, что работа может быть коллективной (в малых группах), а выбор тем довольно широк, они согласились, а уже после первой защиты говорили, что нужно продолжить такую деятельность. На самом деле школьники представляли очень интересные и разнообразные проекты, один мальчик в рамках темы «Дружба» даже завязал переписку через Интернет с американским сверстником, и эта переписка стала по сути основой проекта его группы.

Третий этап являлся заключительным, поэтому на данном этапе было необходимо провести контроль сформированности социокультурной компетенции (на материале английских пословиц и поговорок).

Мы проверили уровень сформированности умений общения в ситуации диалога культур в виде ролевой игры, где тему, выраженную пословицей, выбирали сами учащиеся. Таким образом, мы проанализировали, как использование пословиц и поговорок на уроке иностранного языка развивает творческую инициативу учащихся через подготовленную и неподготовленную речь.

Также мы провели беседу, аналогичную той, что использовалась в начале эксперимента. Ответы школьников показали, что у них в определенной степени повысилась общая мотивация, появился интерес к культуре собственной страны, а также реакции на чужеродную культуру стали более терпимыми.

Естественно, нельзя делать вывод о том, что изучая пословицы и поговорки можно решить все вопросы формирования социокультурной компетенции, однако эффективность их использования в коммуникации и в обучении несомненна.

Таким образом, можно сделать вывод, что использование пословиц и поговорок на уроке иностранного (английского) языка способствует лучшему овладению данным предметом, расширяет знания о языке и особенностях иноязычной культуры. Приобщение к культуре страны изучаемого языка через элементы фольклора, поговорок и пословиц дает учащимся ощущение сопричастности к другому народу.

Система упражнений для формирования социокультурной компетенции посредством использования пословиц и поговорок

1. From the list of proverbs choose one proverb and describe it's meaning.

Every man is the architect of his own fortunes.

So many countries, so many customs.

Custom is a second nature.

Idleness is the root of all evil.

2. Write an essay where topic is any proverb you know.

3. Read the following text, find the proverb in it and explain it.

“The Vain Stag”

One hot day a big stag who had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased with what he saw. “Oh,” he said, “what a beautiful pair of antlers I've got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antlers as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too big, but I don't think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.

Suddenly he heard the dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught his antlers in the branches of some low trees and could not go on.

The dogs run up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him. So his beautiful antlers, of which he had been so vain, were the cause of his death. So we can say pride goes before a fall.

4. Read given text once again and describe main character with the help of proverb.

5. Сравнительно-сопоставительные упражнения

Compare English proverb “It never rains but it pours” and Russian one «Беда не приходит одна».

6. Упражнение на описание пословицы. Задание: There is such а proverb “Before you make a friend eat a bushel of salt with him”. Please, describe it how you understand it.

7. Упражнение на описание пословицы или поговорки посредством разработки ситуации. Задание:

Imagine that you have a friend in England or USA. And one of his letters was finished by such proverb Friends are thieves of time. What do you think about this proverb? Is it correct? If you agree with this statement, you will write to your foreign friend answer which proves this statement. If you disagree, your answer will contain denial. In both cases you have to argue your answer.

8. Упражнение на подбор эквивалентов. Задание: You have lists with proverbs, your task is the following: choose an appropriate equivalent to English proverb:

English proverb	Russian proverb
East or West, home is best.	Всяк кулик свое болото хвалит.
Do in Rome as the Romans do.	Человека узнаешь, когда с ним пуд соли съешь.
Before you make a friend eat a bushel of salt with him	В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше.
Every bird likes its own nest.	В чужой монастырь со своим уставом не лезут.

9. Упражнение на лексико-грамматический перефраз.

Replace the words in italics by a proverb from the list:

1. It never rains but it pours. 2. Business before pleasure. 3. Never say die. 4. Tastes differ.

1. Very soon after his father's death Mike's mother died and he became an orphan. "Poor child, one misery after another," said the neighbours.

2. "Do your homework, Nick. You must do it first. You know that you shouldn't watch TV until you've finished with it," said Father to his son.

3. "I hate this old house. Why can't we leave it," said Peter. "Don't be upset, Peter," said his wife. "We'll get a new flat soon, you'll see."

4. "I like this place," said the young man. "Not for me. As for me, I prefer the seaside." George smiled at his brother.

5. -- Why are you crying, Lena? What has happened?

-- I can't do the exercise the teacher gave me, Nick.

-- Don't cry! Let me help you.

6. -- How do you like this red dress?

--Well, you see, Nina, the material is good and the colour is nice but I don't like the style. I like that green one better.

-- It's got too many buttons. I don't like so many buttons on a dress.

--Well, do as you like. Buy the red one, then. No two people think the same way.

7. -- Have you practised the piano, son?

-- Not yet.

-- Then you can't go to the cinema.

-- But Mother...

— When you've practised you may go.

8. -- Why aren't you at school? What's the matter with you, Kate? What's happened to your arm?

-- Oh, I've broken it, and now I've caught cold besides.

-- You don't say so! Troubles never come alone.

10. Упражнение на развитие умений выражать свое мнение.

Imagine that your friend and you tried to get CD of your favorite group for free but couldn't do it. And someone told you: “he that would eat the fruit must climb the tree”. You agreed with it and your friend didn't. Prove it to your friend. Use proverbs that you know in your dialogue.

A- Have you heard what that man told us?

B - Yes, I've heard, but I think he was wrong.

A - No, you don't really understand that we wouldn't get this CD for free…

B - Look here! Here is some commercial of this CD! One of radio station offer to send them 150 - 200 messages for this CD!

A - And you think they will give us it. It would be cheaper to buy it. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

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Примеры упражнений для отработки форм глаголов, существительных и местоимений

1) Put the verb's ending and you'll learn some interesting proverbs. Give the Russian equivalents for them.

a) A cat in gloves catch … no mice.

b) An early bird catch … the worm.

c) Early to bed, early to rise make … a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

d) All work and no play make … Jack a dull boy.

2) Is or Are?

a) Don't count your chickens before they … hatched. (to be hatched - вылупляться)

b) Lost time … never found again.

c) A man … known by the company he keeps,

d) A man … known by the books he reads,

e) A man … known by the things he needs,

f) A man … known by the dreams he dreams.

g) The devil is not so black as he … painted.

h) Don't give salt or advice until you … asked.

i) A tree … known by its fruit.

3) Complete the proverbs and saying with the right word.

a) What is good for one man is bad for … (other, another, the other).

b) One hand washes … (other, another, the other).

c) “There are two tragedies in life; one is not to get your heart's desire, … (other, another, the other) is to get it.” (B. Shaw)

d) One man's meat is …(other, another, the other) man's poison.

e) If you ever, ever, ever

Ever meet an angry bear -

You will never meet… (other, another, the other) angry bear.

4) Translate the nouns from Russian into English, use the necessary verb and give the Russian equivalents for the following English proverbs.

a) A cat in … (перчатки) catches no … (мыши).

b) When the cat is away, the … (мыши) will play.

c) Time is …(деньги).

d) The less … (люди) think, the more they talk.

e) Too (much, many) … (знания) (makes, make) the head bald.

f) … (знания) (is, are) power.

g) … (одежда) (don't, doesn't) make a man.

h) There is no bad weather, there (is, are) bad … (одежда).

i) No … (новости) (is, are) good … (новости).

j) Don't give salt or … (советы) until you are asked.

k) A tree is known by its … (фрукты).

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Пословицы и поговорки для темы «Артикль»

Use the article where it is necessary. If you do it well you'll be able to learn some interesting English proverbs.

1) … Rome wasn't built in … day.

a) he-a;

b) A-the;

c) …-a;

d) …-the.

2) Every man is … architect of his own fortune.

a) A; b) …; c) the; d) an.

3) Experience is … mother of wisdom.

a) …; b) a; c) an; d) the.

4) Necessity is … mother of invention.

a) An; b) the; c) a; d) ….

5) Hunger is … best appetizer.

a) …; b) a; c) an; d) the.

6) Fortune favours … brave.

a) The; b) an; c) …; d) a.

a) … apple… day keeps the doctor away.The-the;

b) The-an;

c) An-the;

7) An-a.Curiosity killed … cat.

a) The; b) …; c) a; d) an.

8) Fear has … quick car.

a) An; b) …; c) the; d) a.

a) Every dog is … lion at home.The-the;

b) A-…;

c) The-…;

d) …-….

9) hungry man is … angry man.

a) he-the;

b) A-the;

c) The-a;

10) A-an.…living dog is better than … dead lion.

a) The-a;

b) A-the;

c) A-a;

11) The-the.…business is … business.

a) The-the;

b) A-the

c) …-….

12) The-a.… time is … money

a) A-the;

b) The-a;

c) A-a;

13) …-……love is blind.

a) An; b) …; c) the; d) a.

a) …art is long, … life is short.The-the;

b) An-a;

c) A-the;

14) …-……honesty is …best policy.

a) An-a;

b) …-the;

c) The- the;

d) An-the.

Suggest Russian proverb and saying for English ones.

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Упражнения по темам «Спорт», «Еда», «Здоровье», «Дружба», «Поведение»

1) Complete the proverbs. Suggest the Russian equivalents for them.

a) Appetite comes with … (reading, eating, playing, sleeping).

b) A tree is known by its … (root, leaves, fruit, colour).

c) Too many cooks… the broth (cook, eat, spoil, like).

d) You can't make … without breaking eggs (a pudding, a salad, an omlette, a sandwich).

e) Better an egg today than …tomorrow (a potato, a cake, an omlette, a hen).

2) Complete the proverbs. Choose the right word.

1. It's easier … an enemy than a friend.

a) To recognize; b) to annoy; c) to forgive.

2. A man in … is a friend indeed.

a) Doubt; b) need; c) trouble.

3. … friends are worse than open onemies.

a) False; b)True; c)Honest.

4. A good name is … riches.

a) Better; b) brighter; c) more expensive.

5. He gives twice who gives ….

a) Slowly; b) skifully; c) quickly.

6. … is the best policy.

a) Envy; b) Silence; c) Honesty.

Proverbs about Life and People's Behavior

3) Use the necessary words and give Russian equivalents of English proverbs.

1. Time is ….

a) Honey; b) money; c) funny.

2. …little, do much.

a) Sleep; b) dull; c) Promise.

3. Art is long, life is ….

a) Short; b) dull; c) dangerous.

4. Never put off tomorrow what you can do … .

a) Next week; b the day after tomorrow; c) today.

5. Where there is … there is a way.

a) A will; b) a wish; c) a fish.

Sport and Health

4) Complete the proverbs.

1. Early to bed, early to rise makes a man … (fresh, active, healthy, splendid), wealthy and wise.

2. … (A cucumber, A banana, An apple, An onion) a day keeps the doctor away.

3. … (Health, Competition, Holiday, Athletics) is greatest wealth.

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Упражнения для развития лексических умений и навыков

1) Put the verb's and you'll learn some interesting English proverbs. Give the Russian equivalents for them.

a) A cat in gloves catch … no mice.

b) An early bird catch … the worm.

c) Early to bed, early to rise make … a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

d) All work and no play make … Jack a dull boy.

2) Give the English equivalents for the Russian proverbs.

a) Аппетит приходит во время еды. -- The appetite comes with eating.

b) Беда редко приходит одна. -- An evil chance seldom comes alone.

c) Берегись молчащей собаки и тихой воды. -- Beware of a silent dog and still water.

d) Бери быка за рога. -- Take the bull by the horns.

e) Благими намерениями вымощена дорога в ад. -- The road to hell is paved with good intentions.

f) Брак -- это лотерея. -- Marriage is a lottery.

g) Быка надо брать за рога. -- The bull must be taken by the horns.

h) В здоровом теле -- здоровый дух. -- A sound mind in a sound body.

i) В одно ухо влетает, в другое вылетает. -- In at one ear and out at the other.

j) Внешность обманчива. -- Appearances are deceptive.

k) Все хорошо, что хорошо кончается. -- All is well that ends well.

l) Всему свое место и время. -- A place for everything, and everything in its place.

m) Хорошо смеется тот, кто смеется последним. -- Не laughs best who laughs last.

n) Старая любовь не ржавеет. -- Old love does not rust.

3) Say proverbs where there is the word `better”.

a) Better a glorious death than a shameful life.

b) Better a lean peace than a fat victory.

c) Better a little fire to warm us, than a great one to burn us.

d) Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow.

e) Better an open enemy than a false friend.

f) Better be alone than in bad company.

g) Better be born lucky than rich.

4) Guess proverbs on the illustration.

a)

b) Better bend the neck than bruise the forehead.

c) ou cannot break through a wall with your forehead.

d) Better late than never.

e) The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

f) You can tell a dinner by eating it and a person's intellect by listening to him.

g) The road to hell is paved with good intentions.

h) A man cannot whistle and drink at the same time.

i) A man is known by his company he keeps.

j) Don't put all eggs in one basket.

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Упражнения для развития монологических и диалогических навыков

1) Say which of the proverbs following the story makes the best ending for it.

The Devoted Friend.

“Oh! I know of nothing in the world,” said the Water-rat, “that is either better or higher than a devoted friendship.”

And what is your idea of the duties of a devoted friend?” asked a green little bird who was sitting on a tree and had heard the conversation.

“Yes, that is just what I want to know,” said the Duck, and she swam away.

“What a silly question!” cried the Water-rat. “My devoted friend must be devoted to me, of course.”

“And what will you do in return?” said the little bird.

“I don't understand you.” answered the Water-rat.

1. To run with the hare and hunt with the hounds.

2. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

3. Nothing venture, nothing have.

4. Actions speak louder than words.

2) Read and use proverbs instead of the italicized words.

1. Ann was with Mary during her illness and she helped her to get well. She was a real friend to Mary.

2. You want it both ways. You're either for us or against us. Which is it?

3. The Miller spoke so well about true friendship that Little Hans believed him. But when Little Hans needed help the Miller was not so quick, and many people understood that he wasn't as good as he seemed to be.

4. The men in jack London's books live a difficult life, a life full of danger. In his stories about Alaska Jack London writes that a man who makes even the smallest mistakes will fall and die in the snow. But his characters are afraid of nothing, and they risk their lives in the struggie with nature. They know that if they don't, they will lose everything they have hoped for.

3) Look at the pictures and tell the story using this proverb. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

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Методическая копилка. Итоговые задания

4 класс

1) Соотнесите английскую пословицу с русской.

Better late than never.	По яблочку в день - и обойдешься без доктора.
Live and learn.	Лучше поздно, чем никогда.
An apple a day keeps a doctor away	Век живи - век учись.

2) Выпиши слова со звуком [e], [ei].

3) Нарисуй картинку к одной из изученных пословиц.

7 класс

1) Найди русский эквивалент английской пословице.

East or West home is best. Art is long, life is short. First think, than speak. Deeds, not words. Appetite comes with eating. A friend in need is a friend indeed. No pains, no gains. Where is a will, there is a way.	Друзья познаются в беде. О человеке судят по его делам. В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. Аппетит приходит во время еды. Слово не воробей вылетит не поймаешь. Без труда не вытянешь и рыбку из пруда. Где хотенье, там уменье.

2) Из данных пословиц выберите те, которые описывают:

- Любовь к стране;

- Труд;

- Еда и аппетит;

- Настоящего друга.

9 - 11 класс

1) Прочитайте текст и подберите подходящую пословицу:

The Professor Could Not Answer It.

Old Mr. Brompton is a very clever man. Yet the other day he could not answer his granddaughter's questions. “Grandpa,” she said, “I saw something so funny running across the kitchen floor without any legs. What do you think it was?” Grandpa thought and thought, but at last he had to give up.

“What was it?” he asked. “Water,” replied the little girl triumphantly.

1. Live and learn.

2. While there is life there is hope.

2) Составьте рассказ по одной из пословиц (работа в парах).

1. О человеке судят не по словам, а по делам.

2. Где жизнь, там и надежда.

3. Век живи - век учись.

4. Кто рано встает, того удача ждет.

3) Read the situation and decide which proverb given below first it:

Three friends decided to go on a trip. They began to pack. Jerome said that he could pack well. He was proud of his packing. When he finished packing the bag and closed it he remembered that he had not put in his tooth-brush.

1. The early bird catches the worm.

2. Live and learn.

3. Handsome is as handsome does.

4) Look at the pictures and tell the story using this proverb:

The early bird catches the worm.

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