19. Áåñåäèíà À.À., Êîëïàêîâà Ò.Ì. Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ çäîðîâüå-ñáåðåãàþùåé ñðåäû ïðè ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèõ èííîâàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèÿõ â ñîâðåìåííîé øêîëå // Çäîðîâüå, îáó÷åíèå, âîñïèòàíèå äåòåé è ìîëîäåæè: Ìàòåðèàëû ìåæäóíàð. êîíãð.- Ì., 2004.- ×.1.- Ñ.148-150. Çäîáóâà÷åì ïðîâåäåíî êîìïëåêñíó ô³ç³îëîãî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íó îö³íêó ñåìåñòðîâî-çàë³êîâî¿ ôîðìè íàâ÷àííÿ, âñòàíîâëåíî îñíîâí³ íàïðÿìêè ôîðìóâàííÿ çäîðîâ'ÿçáåð³ãàþ÷îãî ñåðåäîâèùà äëÿ øêîëÿð³â, óçàãàëüíåííÿ ìàòåð³àë³â.

20. ó㳺í³÷íèé êîíòðîëü çà îðãàí³çàö³ºþ íàâ÷àííÿ øêîëÿð³â â óìîâàõ ïåäàãîã³÷íî¿ ³ííîâàö³¿ - ñåìåñòðîâî-çàë³êîâî¿ ôîðìè íàâ÷àííÿ: Ìåòîäè÷í³ ðåêîìåíäàö³¿ / Î.À. Áåñåä³íà, Ë.Â. Ïîäðèãàëî, Ò.Ì. Êîëïàêîâà. - Êè¿â, 2005. - 18 ñ. Çäîáóâà÷åì çàïðîïîíîâàíî ³ ðîçðîáëåíî ñèñòåìó ³ êîíêðåòíó òåõíîëîã³þ ã³ã³ºí³÷íîãî êîíòðîëþ çà îðãàí³çàö³ºþ íàâ÷àííÿ â óìîâàõ íîâî¿ ôîðìè íàâ÷àííÿ.

21. Êîëïàêîâà Ò.Ì. Ãèãèåíè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû êîíòðîëÿ çà îðãàíèçàöèåé ó÷åáíîãî ïðîöåññà â óñëîâèÿõ èííîâàöèîííûõ ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèõ òåõíîëîãèé // ó㳺í³÷í³ òà ñîö³àëüíî-ïñèõîëîã³÷í³ àñïåêòè ìîí³òîðèíãó çäîðîâ'ÿ øêîëÿð³â: Ìàòåð³àëè íàóê.-ïðàêò. êîíô.- Õàðê³â, 2006.- Ñ.75-77.

ÀÍÎÒÀÖ²ß

Êîëïàêîâà Ò.Ì. ó㳺í³÷íå îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ ñèñòåìè êîíòðîëþ çà íàâ÷àííÿì øêîëÿð³â ïðè ñåìåñòðîâî-çàë³êîâ³é ôîðì³ íàâ÷àííÿ. - Ðóêîïèñ.

Äèñåðòàö³ÿ íà çäîáóòòÿ íàóêîâîãî ñòóïåíÿ êàíäèäàòà ìåäè÷íèõ íàóê çà ñïåö³àëüí³ñòþ 14.02.01 - ã³ã³ºíà, ìåäè÷í³ íàóêè. - Äåðæàâíà óñòàíîâà “²íñòèòóò ã³ã³ºíè òà ìåäè÷íî¿ åêîëî㳿 ³ì.Î.Ì.Ìàðçåºâà ÀÌÍ Óêðà¿íè”, Êè¿â, 2007.

Äèñåðòàö³éíà ðîáîòà ïðèñâÿ÷åíà ðîçâ'ÿçàííþ àêòóàëüíî¿ ïðîáëåìè - ã³ã³ºí³÷íîìó îá´ðóíòóâàííþ ñèñòåìè êîíòðîëþ çà íàâ÷àííÿì øêîëÿð³â (10-17 ðîê³â) â óìîâàõ ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ ïåäàãîã³÷íî¿ òåõíîëî㳿 - ñåìåñòðîâî-çàë³êîâî¿ ôîðìè íàâ÷àííÿ (ÑÇÔÍ). Çä³éñíåíî êîìïëåêñíó ô³ç³îëîãî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íó îö³íêó íîâî¿ ôîðìè íàâ÷àííÿ, âèçíà÷åíî ôàêòîðè ó÷áîâî-âèõîâíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, ÿê³ ïðè íåäîòðèìàíí³ ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ âèìîã ìîæóòü íåãàòèâíî âïëèâàòè íà ð³âåíü ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ñòàíó ÖÍÑ, ÑÑÑ, ÏÑ òà ³í. Âñòàíîâëåíî çäîðîâ'ÿçáåð³ãàþ÷³ êîìïîíåíòè ÑÇÔÍ, ÿê³ ñïðèÿþòü ïîäîëàííþ íåñïðèÿòëèâèõ òåíäåíö³é ïåðåá³ãó ïðîöåñ³â àäàïòàö³¿ äî íàâ÷àííÿ. Ðîçðîáëåíî ³ âïðîâàäæåíî ó ä³ÿëüí³ñòü çàêëàä³â îñâ³òè íàóêîâî îá´ðóíòîâàíó êîìïëåêñíó ñèñòåìó ã³ã³ºí³÷íîãî êîíòðîëþ çà íàâ÷àííÿì øêîëÿð³â ïðè ³ííîâàö³éí³é òåõíîëî㳿, ÿêà çàñíîâàíà íà íàóêîâèõ çàñàäàõ ðåãëàìåíòàö³¿ ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ óìîâ íàâ÷àííÿ, îðãàí³çàö³¿ ó÷áîâî-âèõîâíîãî ïðîöåñó, îá´ðóíòóâàíí³ çàõîä³â ïåðâèííî¿ ïðîô³ëàêòèêè â³äõèëåíü ó ñòàí³ çäîðîâ'ÿ øêîëÿð³â, óäîñêîíàëåíí³ ô³çè÷íîãî âèõîâàííÿ ³ ïñèõîëîã³÷íîãî ñóïðîâîäó ó÷í³â, à òàêîæ âàëåîëîã³÷íîãî ¿õ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ êîìïëåêñíî¿ ñèñòåìè êîíòðîëþ ñïðèÿº ôîðìóâàííþ, çáåðåæåííþ ³ çì³öíåííþ ñîìàòè÷íîãî, ô³çè÷íîãî òà ïñèõîëîã³÷íîãî çäîðîâ'ÿ, ôóíêö³îíàëüíèõ ìîæëèâîñòåé îðãàí³çìó, ï³äâèùåííþ ð³âíÿ íàâ÷àëüíî¿ óñï³øíîñò³ ³ ñîö³àëüíî-ïñèõîëîã³÷íî¿ àäàïòàö³¿ ó÷í³â.

Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: øêîëÿð³, ñòàí çäîðîâ'ÿ, ³ííîâàö³éíà ïåäàãîã³÷íà òåõíîëîã³ÿ, àäàïòàö³ÿ, ñèñòåìà ã³ã³ºí³÷íîãî êîíòðîëþ.

ÀÍÍÎÒÀÖÈß

Êîëïàêîâà Ò.Ì. Ãèãèåíè÷åñêîå îáîñíîâàíèå ñèñòåìû êîíòðîëÿ çà îáó÷åíèåì øêîëüíèêîâ ïðè ñåìåñòðîâî-çà÷åòíîé ôîðìå îáó÷åíèÿ.- Ðóêîïèñü.

Äèññåðòàöèÿ íà ñîèñêàíèå íàó÷íîé ñòåïåíè êàíäèäàòà ìåäèöèíñêèõ íàóê ïî ñïåöèàëüíîñòè 14.02.01 - ãèãèåíà, ìåäèöèíñêèå íàóêè. - Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå “Èíñòèòóò ãèãèåíû è ìåäèöèíñêîé ýêîëîãèè èì. À.Í.Ìàðçååâà ÀÌÍ Óêðàèíû”, Êèåâ, 2007.

Äèññåðòàöèÿ ïîñâÿùåíà ãèãèåíè÷åñêîìó îáîñíîâàíèþ ñèñòåìû êîíòðîëÿ çà îáó÷åíèåì øêîëüíèêîâ (10-17 ëåò) â óñëîâèÿõ èííîâàöèîííîé ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîé òåõíîëîãèè - ñåìåñòðîâî-çà÷åòíîé ôîðìû îáó÷åíèÿ (ÑÇÔÎ). Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî îñíîâó ÑÇÔÎ ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðèíöèïèàëüíî íîâàÿ ìîäåëü îðãàíèçàöèè îáó÷åíèÿ - íåòðàäèöèîííîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ó÷åáíîé íàãðóçêè â ñòðóêòóðå äíÿ, íåäåëè, ãîäà, íàïðàâëåííîå íà îïòèìèçàöèþ ðåæèìà òðóäà è îòäûõà ó÷àùèõñÿ. Ãèãèåíè÷åñêàÿ îöåíêà îáîáùåííîãî óðîâíÿ ó÷åáíîé íàãðóçêè â ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé (ÝØ) è êîíòðîëüíîé (ÊØ) øêîëàõ âûÿâèëà ïðåâûøåíèå íà îòäåëüíûõ ýòàïàõ îáó÷åíèÿ åãî äîïóñòèìûõ ñóììàðíûõ ãðàíèö. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ïðè ñîáëþäåíèè íîðìàòèâíîé ïðåäåëüíî äîïóñòèìîé ó÷åáíîé íàãðóçêè â òå÷åíèå íåäåëè óðîâåíü îáùåé äíåâíîé íàãðóçêè ó÷àùèõñÿ ÝØ áûë çíà÷èìî ìåíüøèì- íà 20,0 % ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ÊØ. Âûÿâëåíû îñîáåííîñòè îðãàíèçàöèè ðåæèìà äíÿ â óñëîâèÿõ íîâîé ôîðìû îáó÷åíèÿ, å¸ çäîðîâüåñáåðåãàþùèå êîìïîíåíòû è ðåçóëüòàòû èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ - ñîêðàùåíèå âðåìåíè âûïîëíåíèÿ äîìàøíèõ çàäàíèé íà 1-2,5 ÷., óâåëè÷åíèå ïðåáûâàíèÿ íà îòêðûòîì âîçäóõå íà 1-2 ÷., ïîâûøåíèå äâèãàòåëüíîé àêòèâíîñòè.

Ðåçóëüòàòû äèíàìè÷åñêèõ íàáëþäåíèé çà ñîñòîÿíèåì çäîðîâüÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ (îáùàÿ ïàòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïîðàæåííîñòü, êîìïëåêñíàÿ îöåíêà ïî ãðóïïàì çäîðîâüÿ) íå âûÿâèëè â êîíöå èññëåäîâàíèé çíà÷èìûõ ðàçëè÷èé ó ó÷àùèõñÿ ÝØ è ÊØ â öåëîì ïî âñåì âîçðàñòíûì ãðóïïàì (10-17 ëåò) ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ èõ íà÷àëîì (p>0,05). Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, çà ïåðèîä íàáëþäåíèé îíî õàðàêòåðèçîâàëîñü ñõîäíûìè ñäâèãàìè.  òî æå âðåìÿ â óñëîâèÿõ ÑÇÔÎ îòìå÷åíî ñóùåñòâåííîå óìåíüøåíèå ñðåäíåé äëèòåëüíîñòè ñëó÷àÿ áîëåçíè (â 2 ðàçà) è ÷èñëà äíåé, ïðîïóùåííûõ ïî áîëåçíè (â 1,9 ðàçà), ñóùåñòâåííîå óâåëè÷åíèå èíäåêñà çäîðîâüÿ çà ïåðèîä íàáëþäåíèé, à òàêæå ñòàáèëüíàÿ äèíàìèêà "øêîëüíûõ áîëåçíåé". Ó ó÷àùèõñÿ ÊØ ýòè ïîêàçàòåëè çà óêàçàííûé ïåðèîä çíà÷èìûõ èçìåíåíèé íå ïðåòåðïåëè, à óäåëüíûé âåñ "øêîëüíûõ áîëåçíåé" âîçðîñ (p<0,05). Ýòî ïîçâîëèëî êîíñòàòèðîâàòü, ÷òî ÑÇÔÎ îêàçûâàåò ïîëîæèòåëüíûé ýôôåêò íà çäîðîâüå ó÷àùèõñÿ.

Âûÿâëåíû çàêîíîìåðíîñòè äèíàìèêè ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ îðãàíèçìà ó÷àùèõñÿ â ïðîöåññå ó÷åáíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè. Îïðåäåëåíà çàâèñèìîñòü ïîêàçàòåëåé ÖÍÑ, ÑÑÑ è ÏÑ îò óðîâíÿ ó÷åáíîé íàãðóçêè è ñïåöèôèêè îðãàíèçàöèè ó÷åáíîãî ïðîöåññà. ÑÇÔÎ îêàçûâàåò ïîëîæèòåëüíîå âëèÿíèå íà ôóíêöèîíàëüíîå ñîñòîÿíèå ÖÍÑ, ÷òî îáåñïå÷èâàåò áîëåå âûñîêèé óðîâåíü óìñòâåííîé ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîñòè ó÷àùèõñÿ â äèíàìèêå îáó÷åíèÿ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ðåçóëüòàòàìè â ÊØ. Ïðåâûøåíèå ñóììàðíîé íåäåëüíîé ó÷åáíîé íàãðóçêè íà îòäåëüíûõ ýòàïàõ ó÷åáíîãî ãîäà (îñîáåííî â êîíöå åãî) ïðèâîäèò ê íàïðÿæåíèþ ðåãóëÿòîðíûõ ìåõàíèçìîâ ÑÑÑ, ÷òî ó ÷àñòè ó÷àùèõñÿ (18,7 %-20,1 %) ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ óñèëåíèåì ñèìïàòè÷åñêèõ âëèÿíèé íà ñåðäå÷íûé ðèòì, óâåëè÷åíèåì ïîêàçàòåëåé âåãåòàòèâíîãî èíäåêñà Êåðäî, ÷àñòîòû ñëó÷àåâ ñíèæåíèÿ ïóëüñîâîãî äàâëåíèÿ.  óñëîâèÿõ ÑÇÔÎ îòìå÷åí áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûé õàðàêòåð âåãåòàòèâíîé ðåãóëÿöèè ñåðäå÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ÊØ. Äîêàçàíî ïîëîæèòåëüíîå âëèÿíèå ÑÇÔÎ íà èíäèâèäóàëüíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè ó÷àùèõñÿ, ÷òî ïîäòâåðæäàëîñü áîëüøèì èõ ïðîöåíòîì ñ "àäåêâàòíûì" è ìåíüøèì ñ "çàíèæåííûì" óðîâíÿìè ñàìîîöåíêè. Óñòàíîâëåíî áîëåå óñòîé÷èâîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïñèõîýìîöèîíàëüíîãî ñòàòóñà â äèíàìèêå ó÷åáíîãî äíÿ, íåäåëè, ãîäà, à òàêæå áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíîå ôîðìèðîâàíèå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ïðåäïî÷òåíèé ó÷àùèõñÿ. Îïðåäåëåíû îñîáåííîñòè àäàïòàöèè ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ ôîðìàõ îáó÷åíèÿ - â êîíöå íàáëþäåíèé óäåëüíûé âåñ ïîêàçàòåëåé, îïðåäåëÿþùèõ óäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîå òå÷åíèå ïðîöåññà àäàïòàöèè, â ÝØ áûë ñóùåñòâåííî áîëüøèì, à ïîêàçàòåëè, ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþùèå î íåñòàáèëüíîì èëè íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîì åãî òå÷åíèè, áûëè çíà÷èìî áîëüøèìè â ÊØ.

Íà îñíîâå ïðîâåäåííîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ âïåðâûå ðàçðàáîòàíà è ïðåäëîæåíà äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íàó÷íî îáîñíîâàííàÿ êîìïëåêñíàÿ ñèñòåìà ãèãèåíè÷åñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ çà îáó÷åíèåì øêîëüíèêîâ â óñëîâèÿõ ÑÇÔÎ, íàïðàâëåííàÿ íà ôîðìèðîâàíèå, ñîõðàíåíèå è óêðåïëåíèå ñîìàòè÷åñêîãî, ôèçè÷åñêîãî, ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîãî çäîðîâüÿ è ñîöèàëüíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîé àäàïòàöèè ó÷àùèõñÿ. Ñèñòåìà îñíîâàíà íà íàó÷íûõ ïðèíöèïàõ îïòèìèçàöèè óñëîâèé îáó÷åíèÿ è îðãàíèçàöèè ó÷åáíî-âîñïèòàòåëüíîãî ïðîöåññà - îáîñíîâàíèè íàèáîëåå àäåêâàòíûõ ïóòåé ãèãèåíè÷åñêîé ðåãëàìåíòàöèè ó÷åáíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ñîáëþäåíèè óñëîâèé ðåàëèçàöèè çäîðîâüåñáåðåãàþùèõ êîìïîíåíòîâ, ïðåäóñìàòðèâàþùèõ ðåãëàìåíòàöèþ êàê ó÷åáíîé, òàê è âíåó÷åáíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ó÷àùèõñÿ, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå è îïòèìèçàöèþ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïèòàíèÿ, ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñîïðîâîæäåíèÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ, èõ âàëåîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáó÷åíèÿ, à òàêæå ìåäèöèíñêîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ è òåõíîëîãèè êîíòðîëÿ çà ñîñòîÿíèåì çäîðîâüÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ â óñëîâèÿõ ÑÇÔÎ, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèõ öåëåíàïðàâëåííîé ðàçðàáîòêå ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïåðâè÷íîé ïðîôèëàêòèêå îòêëîíåíèé â ñîñòîÿíèè çäîðîâüÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: øêîëüíèêè, ñîñòîÿíèå çäîðîâüÿ, èííîâàöèîííàÿ ïåäàãîãè÷åñêàÿ òåõíîëîãèÿ, àäàïòàöèÿ, ñèñòåìà ãèãèåíè÷åñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ.

ANNOTATION

Kolpakova T.M. Hygienic grounds of the system of controllable schooling process within the frame of final term- testing form of training. - Manuscript.

A Competitive Thesis for the Degree of Candidate of Medical Science in Hygiene (medical sciences) - 14.02.01. - State institution “The Marzeev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology of the AMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, 2007.

The thesis presents a new approach to solving the theoretical and practical problem: substantiation of hygienic regulation of schooling conditions organization and of educational process, as well as daily routine, health status, mental capacity for work and psychoemotional state of pupils working under innovatory pedagogical method - final term- testing form of training.

Analysis of dynamic observation results testifies to the fact that the new organizational form of schooling is adequate to physiological potential of the pupils aged 10 to 17. On the basis of hygienic assessment of schooling conditions organization, of daily routine, functional state of the pupils, their mental abilities and health status in the course of learning there has been proved the necessity of working out a scientifically valid system of hygienic monitoring of the aforesaid issues.

The novel scientifically substantiated integrated system of hygienic regulation of the educational process organization is based on the principles of optimization of in-school environment, school activity and daily routine, as well as on upgrading medical support social and psychological adaptation, as aimed at forming, maintaining and strengthening the somatic, physical and psychological health of pupils under the conditions of new forms of educational process.

Keywords: schoolchildren, health status, innovatory pedagogical methods, adaptation, system of hygienic control.

Ðàçìåùåíî íà Allbest.ru