Philosophy of politics, metaphysics of modern times

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Philosophy of politics, metaphysics of modern times

Politics, as the main form of state-building activity, which provides the development of modern society, states and interstate associations, must be filled with philosophical ideas and views that help in the development, establishment, integration in the local and global dimensions of all countries without exception. Politics and political activity of state officials, managers of all levels should be aimed at achieving sustainable development of countries, and the toolkit used must be based on the bases of philosophical rethinking of dialectics. In this case, the moral values that produce the philosophy of politics play a significant role. Researcher V. Blyumkin identifies the following groups of moral qualities: collectivist (collectivism, solidarity, altruism, duty, responsibility, creativity); humanistic (benevolence, sensitivity, delicacy, dignity, modesty); complex (moral activity, heroism, justice, gratitude, selflessness); quality associated with moral regulation of behavior (decency, shyness, honesty, honor, etc.) [1].

It seems expedient to explore in more detail which ways and methods of philosophy can be used to develop a more effective system for managing countries in the path of gradual integration into the global community. We believe that in order to achieve and realize sustainable development of the state in the international environment, it is necessary to use all possible methods and methods of philosophy, which will help to more effectively integrate the country and transform political life, adapting the country to the demands of the global space. That is why the use of dialectics, as a mechanism and means for the realization of these goals in combination with the philosophical rethinking of the role of the state in the political existence of the world space, becomes of paramount importance. Socrates initiated dialectics as a method of cognition. An ancient philosopher called the dialectic method of defining (forming) the concepts that were supposed to reflect the essence of things, that is, the general, that, according to Socrates, is unchangeable «law» for individual manifestations of things [2, p. 97].

It should be noted that these questions are studied by Ukrainian philosophers and political scientists V. Andrushchenko, E. Bystrytsky, V Gorbatenko, V. Kornienko, M. Mikhalchenko, V. Pazenk, M. Popovich, Y. Makar, S. Fedunyak, E. Makarenko and others.

Accordingly, all that we perceive as dialectical and capable of helping us in solving political problems must simultaneously be perceived as part of a philosophical one, then we observe that philosophy transitions from a theoretical to a practical instrument. This approach will not only apply philosophical, but also deduces philosophical concepts to a new level of perception of philosophy in the context of dialectics as a practical discipline. So, we see that the philosophy of modern-day politics is not just a science about politics, its subject, but it is also an instrument for the formation of new forms of effective ideology, state strategy. Accordingly, such strategies can not only ensure the sustainable development of the political existence of the state, but also ensure the transformation of the entire system of international relations. It is also worth mentioning O. Pyatigorsky, who expressed his views on political philosophy and political philosophers: «The political philosopher is not only a spy, as already mentioned. He, like any real philosopher in general, is also a saboteur, since he objectively cognizes his object - that is, their, your, finally, political reflection - as ineffective, mystified, and what is mystified. By this he objectively undermines the power, any power, as his own and another's «[3, p. 59].

So at the level of philosophy we can unite with the help of dialectical, philosophical politics and the system of international relations, which study the common processes of political existence in various dimensions. It is clear that philosophy treats and describes different processes in different sciences in different ways, but these processes are interconnected in philosophy and culture, philosophy of law, philosophy of history, philosophy of religion, philosophy of geopolitics, philosophy of sociology, logic, etc. M. Schlick, a Viennese philosopher and scholar, said: «When we investigate, we are scholars, but when we strive to understand and understand what and how we do, or to understand the world, we become philosophers» [4, p. 30-31].

The use in philosophy of the policy of dialectical origin, as we see it, is due to the need not only for discussion, but also due to the need to find that for philosophy and dialectics is opposed, namely metaphysics. That is, this is the substance of philosophical existence, which acts as an anti-dialectic in the teachings of Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel. Could a philosophy of politics be constructed, on dialectical principles, something that denies its existence a priori? The author considers such an objection to the existence in philosophy of politics of instruments of dialectics, namely the existence of metaphysics as a factor capable of destroying all dialectical. But this destruction does not occur through destruction or erosion (as in psychoanalysis, Paul Federer calls «mortido»), it is the destruction of the philosophy of politics using dialectical principles, which we can describe with the help of «libido», that is, the desire for the best in the minds of the masses The populations, who mainly seek to change in democratic societies, ruin the old political systems. Researchers A. Umov and A. N. Whitehead argue that «Our metaphysical knowledge is too insignificant, superficial, incomplete. Therefore, it is fertilized by deceit. But metaphysical understanding, as such, leads to imagination and justifies the goal. Beyond metaphysical preconditions civilization would be impossible «[5, p. 527].

Accordingly, the metaphysics of the incomprehensible, secret in the philosophy of politics requires a detailed analysis and rethinking, and the factors of the emergence of metaphysical in modern politics, not only should not be discarded, they need to be investigated, analyzed as forms of «irrational agents» who have the right to analysis. After all, when we observe the political process, action, action, we can not see how many alogic, spontaneous or accidental actions, actions, etc. What turns out to be in practice should lie within the metaphysical description. When the description can not be included in practice, metaphysics appears inadequate and requires revision «[5, p. 527].

However, actions and actions in politics, despite their logic, still arise and can be analyzed and explained only by the use of metaphysics, denying the dialectic, which is a manifestation of logical discussion. However, can we discuss the dialectical level of events that are full of metaphysics, when dialectics involves the use of logic to measure reality, and the metaphysics of any logical and precise rejects and denies.

That is why, in our view, the metaphysics of modern times in political philosophy requires a qualitatively new rethinking. Metaphysics, despite its randomness and chaos without logic, can destroy all the concepts of politics, but this does not happen. We do not have the right to reject the metaphysical presence in everything else as well, especially when we observe that supposedly stable political systems are being destroyed, while other world systems, which are analyzed by different scholars and researchers, are developing and dominant in the system of international relations, despite forecasts of decline. As I. Kant notes: «in the philosophical consciousness, there was always a need for metaphysics as the only (holistic) doctrine of the main principles of be- ing» [6, p. 13].

Consequently, modern metaphysics, as a phenomenon, is the essence of paradoxes and randomness, united in an incomprehensible, incomprehensible concept that is capable of influencing modern processes of social development, and in particular, we can trace this influence by analyzing political existence as separate states, so and supranational associations.

It is clear that everything has its own logic, as in the case of the formation of supra-state associations, and in cases of the formation of foreign and domestic policies of states. However, metaphysics is moving, irrational, incomprehensibly exercises its influence and is present in our being, especially in the political and the thing here is not at all about the mystical origin or religious dogmas, we primarily mean the emergence of conflicts and crises, factors that can not be calculated in modern the global space. «In the life of a person always present» rational «and» irrational «. This is due to the fact that the study of reality occurs on the basis of a priori beliefs, opposition fundamental metaphysical settings regarding human existence: a materialistic and idealistic understanding of the nature of existence. They are expressed in the opposition of irrational and rational «[7, p. 196-197].

Noting that the philosophy of politics is a separate discipline, which is part of the structure of political doctrine, it should also be noted that the metaphysical rejection of the study in modern science is alogal and irrational. However, in scientific thought, we observe that irrational factors and processes begin to be studied by researchers, even though these categories are metaphysical. The whole problem is that irrational presence in modern political processes at various stages. Accordingly, we can and argue that metaphysics is present in the social, political life, although it can not be fully understood. At the beginning of the work «Overcoming Metaphysics» researcher M. Heidegger notes: «Metaphysics is a fate in the strict sense that, being the main feature of Western European history, condemns the masses of mankind to being without the fact that being as an ingredient of one and the other could, based from metaphysics, and she once has to be noticed, conscious and perceived in her own truth «[8, c. 180].

Realizing that we can not fully comprehend the metaphysical, especially in the political plane, we can observe, and, accordingly, observation is also one of the elements of the study. Although such observation can not fully explain all those political processes that have a metaphysical beginning, however, we can at least respond to processes that have already become irrational in our reality, in political existence.

Consequently, the metaphysical, in our opinion, is present and exerts its influence or even pressure on all spheres of our society's existence, but metaphysical despite its irrationality and the lack of dialectical methods of research there. The metaphysical space of politics is multifaceted, such that is boundless in its cycle and fills all elements of social existence. «Metaphysical-induc- tive explication of the national idea is intended to help in a comprehensive analysis of a separate earthly time - the temporal-spatial form of being, which generalizes the ideological aspect of socio-ethnic phenomena, as a defining reflection of ethno-social changes» [9].

With the development of modern science in the twentieth century, our civilization departed from the perception of the spiritual and focused on the development and accumulation of material goods. The material remains dominant in the 21st century. Material goods and values of consumption of the product of logic and pragmatism in both politics and politics, and in the philosophy of rationalism. Supposedly rational correct things should have led to sustainable development of society, but pragmatism, despite its logic, is not capable of ensuring the spiritual growth of man. But, of course, the author believes that spiritual growth is possible not only in pragmatic dimensions, but also spiritual growth is possible on the individual dimensions as well with the application and development of metaphysical, especially metaphysical in politics, because politics is the main tool for constructing a new order. «Appropriate logical procedures are being developed, programs of science purification from non-scientific metaphysics are said. But every time it seemed, the ultimate victory over metaphysics turned to her subsequent rebirth. All attempts by positivists to eliminate metaphysics failed. «[10]

Turning to the conclusions, it should be noted that dialectics in the philosophy of politics - is an integral part. Dialectics, as a search and analysis of the new, is needed to rethink political existence. Accordingly, the use of the dialectics of its principles allows the development of political science as a science in modern dimensions. Consequently, the philosophy of politics, it is compelled to apply dialectics as an integral component, as the nucleus from which modern philosophy is built. Accordingly, it is the philosophy of politics that can re-think politically on a logical basis, which is being implemented both at the level of states and at the level of international relations.

On the other hand, the philosophy of politics has to take into account the metaphysical supersensory and irrational in the coordinate system of political existence and in the system of international relations. After all, metaphysical present, metaphysical immense and incomprehensible and able to influence the political processes of the modern world, countries, regions and people. Accordingly, in the study of metaphysical and spiritual, one should look for the key to the disclosure of the practical principles of the functioning of political reality. Although usually political reality is deprived of high moral criteria and determinants, spiritual penetrates into all spheres of social life. The spiritual principle is present in all spaces, measurements and times, even non-spiritual phenomena and processes are surrounded by the spiritual entities of the human. And accordingly, all science, all research and all initiatives must be aimed at deepening the knowledge of each person, each person for the education of individuals.

That is why the author considers it expedient to continue to study the philosophical foundations of being in metaphysical dimensions, since metaphysical is an integral part of our material being, and the policy is merely a reflection of the incomprehensibility of the metaphysical in the material space.

Concluding our scientific research, it is worth noting that the philosophy of politics is one of the main tools capable of revealing the essence of human existence and helping to develop not only new forms of public administration, but also to form new views on the education of people as individuals of modern times, able to bring political to a new level and accelerate the formation of global transformations in the system of international relations.

References

philosophical politic dialectic

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