J.-P. Sartre`s humanism in the context of modern anthropological situation
Specificity and heuristic value of the humanism of the French existentialist J.-P. Sartre. Consideration of phenomenon of a human and his basic characteristics, which ultimately determine what type of humanism deserves further support and development.
| Рубрика | Философия |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 22.07.2021 |
| Размер файла | 70,8 K |
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That is, if you focus on the basic existentials of human existence, then both the first and the second Sartre's positions are legitimate. By the way, modern culture exploits and experiments with both the aggressiveness of human and his/her attraction to other, altruistic intentions. Similarly, during the actions of the "New Left" (which, by the way, Sartre warmly welcomed, seeing in them personifications of manifestations of spontaneous, genuine choice), both acts of vandalism and manifestations of genuine creativity took place. This proves that spontaneity as such is not yet a guarantee of a truly humanistic human choice. Being under the influence of basic intentions, one must still prefer altruistic aspirations, though with some warnings: on the one hand, the movement towards cooperation can lead to the leveling of unique personality traits, even to the alienation, and on the other - to inhibiting the impulse to fight may the survival of mankind in the face of any external threat. However, in the course of the socio-cultural evolution of human, his/her natural needs have been transformed in such a way that sometimes their simulacra become self-sufficient, and society cultivates them regardless of their previous vital orientation. Modern culture is experimenting with both the aggressiveness of human and his/her attraction to others, humanistic intentions. In the end, the scope of these sociocultural experiences negates, replaces or blocks the basic intentions of human nature, resulting in the loosening of the human psyche with corresponding consequences - all kinds of mental disorders. Since further movement in this direction seems dangerous enough, therefore, the appeal of the modern man to the search for authenticity appears as some alternative to the dehumanizing influence of the Art Nouveau culture.
References
1. Anderson, T. (1993). Sartre 's two ethics: From authenticity to integral humanity. Open Court Publishing Company. (in English)
2. Anderson, T. (2013). Dvi etyky Sartra: Vid avtentychnosti do intehralnoho humanizmu. Rozdil 1. Vstup. Multyver- sum. Filosofskyi Almanakh, 3(121), 9-20. (in Ukrainian)
3. Anderson, T. (2014). Dvi etyky Sartra: Vid avtentychnosti do intehralnoho humanizmu. Rozdil 7. Druha etyka.
V. V. Liakh, Trans. from English. Multyversum. Filosofskyi Almanakh, 70(138), 3-26. (in Ukrainian)
4. Anderson, T. (2015). Dvi etyky Sartra: Vid avtentychnosti do intehralnoho humanizmu. Rozdil 8. Druha etyka. V. V. Liakh, Trans. from English. Multyversum. Filosofskyi Almanakh, 3-4(141-142), 3-23. (in Ukrainian)
5. Butterfield, E. (2012). Sartre and Posthumanist Humanism. Peter Lang. (in English)
6. Chernilo, D. (2017). Debating Humanity: Towards a Philosophical Sociology. Cambridge University Press. (in English)
7. Di-Capua, Y. (2018). No Exit: Arab Existentialism, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Decolonization. The University of Chicago Press. (in English)
8. Engels, K. S. (2018). From In-Itself to Practico-Inert. Sartre Studies International, 24(1), 48-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2018.240105 (in English)
9. Harari, Y. N. (2018). Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. O. Demianchuk, Trans. from English. Kyiv: Fors Ukraine. (in Ukrainian)
10. Heidegger, M. (1988). Pismo o gumanizme. In Y. N. Popov (Ed.), Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii (pp. 314-356). Moscow: Progress. (in Russian)
11. Russo, M. (2019). Does the City of Ends Correspond to a Classless Society? Sartre Studies International, 25(1), 52-68. doi: https://doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2019.250105 (in English)
12. Sartre, J.-P. (1960). Critique de la raison dialectique (Vol. 1). Paris: Gallimard. (in French)
13. Sartre, J.-P. (1983). Cahiers pour une morale. Paris: Gallimard. (in French)
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15. Sartre, J.-P. (1996). L'existentialisme est un humanisme. Paris: Gallimard. (in French)
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Список літератури
1. Anderson, T. Sartre's two ethics: from authenticity to integral humanity / T. Anderson. Open Court Publishing Company, 1993. 215 p.
2. Андерсон, Т. Дві етики Сартра: від автентичності до інтегрального гуманізму. Розділ 1. Вступ / Т. Андерсон // Мультиверсум. Філософський альманах. 2013. Вип. 3 (121). С. 9-20.
3. Андерсон, Т. Дві етики Сартра: від автентичності до інтегрального гуманізму. Розділ 7. Друга етика / Т. Андерсон ; пер. з англ. В. В. Ляха // Мультиверсум. Філософський альманах. 2014. Вип. 10 (138). С. 3-26.
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5. Butterfield, E. Sartre and Posthumanist Humanism / E. Butterfield. Peter Lang, 2012. 140 p.
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