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Similarities and differences of life-meaningful orientations and intellectual development of monozygotic twins

The problem of correlation of social and biological determination of mental life is one of the most difficult in psychology. Now it is obvious that mental development depends on both biological and social influence where life trajectory of personality is realized. But the question on a degree of determination of external and internal is solved differently at various psychological schools and currents. Mental processes and states do not answer on a question of a degree of determination of any mental manifestation by external or internal factors. So the great interest for psychology is represented by kinds of diagnostics that are focused on the solution of this problem. Monozygotic twins' method is one of such methods. It is interesting because it is characterized by comparison of psychological and other qualities of monozygotic twins having an identical set of genes and dizygotic twins which have different genotypes. This method is based on the precondition that environmental influence rendered on twins has provisional equality. This method is intended for revealing the influence of a genotype and environment on studied psychological quality. Special interest represents a method of the separated twins. Intrapair comparison of the twins separated at early age takes place in this method. If monozygotic twins have been separated in a similar way and grew in different conditions all their differences are caused by the influence of environmental factors and all their similarities are the cause of their genic identity. It is considered that such twins choose similar life-meaningful strategies in their life. however, there are data that twins, on the contrary, wish to differ from each other. Now there are contradictions in psychology concerning reliability of the information that monozygotic twins have rather high degree of similarity of lifemeaningful orientations and the facts that their life-meaningful strategies are various enough [3, 11]. This contradiction determines the purpose of the present research. It is the exposure of a degree of similarities and differences of life-meaningful orientations and intellectual preferences of monozygotic twins.

The choice of meaning of personality and its components as the object of research is determined by the fact that peculiarities of meaning demonstrate an orientation of personality, its base interests, attitudes, values and needs that compose a pivot of personality [1, 7].

20 monozygotic twins' pairs and 20 dizygotic twins' pairs at the age of 11-22 years took part in the research. Following techniques were used: self-actualization test, test LMO, test of Raven and test of Kettel [2, 4, 8, 9].

During the research carried out it was found that monozygotic twins demonstrate higher level of intrapair similarity first of all in tests of intelligence (a percentage difference is of 2,32% and 5,21% in the tests of Raven and Kettel correspondingly). That confirms theories according to which the parameter of intelligence (IQ) is mainly caused by influence of heredity (G. Ajzenk, etc.). Similarity of life-meaningful picture of monozygotic twins is more than at control group of dizygotic twins. Various components of life-meaningful orientations have a different level of correlations. Monozygotic twins illustrate higher level of intrapair resemblance practically on all parameters of life-meaningful orientations, in comparison with control group dizygotic twins. The most significant deviations of parameters are observed on a scale «the Purposes of life» in the test LMO that describes a presence in a life of the examinee of the purposes in the future that give meaningfulness to life, orientations and time prospect. hence, it is possible to make a conclusion on primary influence of heredity on the given component of life-meaningful picture of personality. At control group of dizygotic twins it is observed a greater similarity than at monozygotic twins group on a scale «Process» of the test LMO (reflects sensation of a life as emotionally saturated). hence, it is possible to make a conclusion that the given component of life-meaningful picture of personality least depends on influence of the hereditary factor. Monozygotic twins also demonstrate higher level of intrapair similarity on parameters of aspiration for self-actualization of the self-actualization test.

Summing up the work done it is possible to confirm confidently that the hypothesis put forward has proved to be true. The similarity of life-meaningful picture of monozygotic twins that determines such features as the general orientation of personality, orientations of values, system of attitudes of personality with the world and surrounding people, features of the self-attitude is more than at the control group of dizygotic twins. It has been revealed also that monozygotic twins demonstrate a higher level of similarity of peculiarities of intellectual preferences in comparison with dizygotic twins. It has been shown what components of life-meaningful picture of personality are mainly determined by the hereditary factor and what do not depend on it.

As the interest to problems of value-semantic sphere of personality has increased there appeared a necessity of objective studying of this social phenomenon. Value-semantic orientations determining the central position of personality influences on an orientation and the contents of social activity, the general approach to world around and to themselves and make the meaning and a direction of activity of personality, determine its behavior and acts. The person aspires to find the meaning and feels frustration or existential vacuum if this aspiration is non-realized. Research of a problem of value-semantic sphere of personality that took place in our country and abroad has shown that value-semantic orientations are the major components of the structure of personality. Alongside with other socially-psychological educations they carry out functions of regulators of behavior and are represented in all areas of human activity. The aspiration of personality to the meaning acts as one of the major needs of personality which satisfaction is determined by ability to incur the responsibility, belief in own ability to carry out the control over the destiny. A key parameter of presence of personal meaning is meaningfulness of a life. Meaningfulness of a life is defined as a meaningfulness of the past, the present and the future, as presence of the purpose of life, as experience of the ontological importance of a life. Meaningfulness of a life is a necessary and sufficient condition of development of harmonious and creatively developing person [1,5,6,11]. That's why the researches of life-meaningful orientations of personality are important.

The data received in the research can be used in the work of psychologists and teachers working with twins.

Literature

psychology monozygotic twin biological

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2. Abakumova I.V., Krutilyova L.U. Diagnostics of specific features of semantic sphere of the student // Methodical indicating for students of faculty of psychology, Rostov-onDon, 2005.

3. Ajzenk G.U. Psychology: Benefit and harm. Meaning and meaningless. Facts and fiction / G.J. Ajzenk; - Mn.: harvest, 2003. 912 p.

4. Druzhinin V.N. Psychodiagnostic of general abilities., 1996.

5. Frankl V. The person in searches of meaning: the Collection:

6. Leontiev D.A. Psychology of meaning. М.: Smisl, 2000.

7. Leontiev D.A. Technique of studying of value orientations. M.: «Smisl», 1992. 18 p.

8. Leontiev D.A. life-meaningful orientations test (LOT). M.: «Smisl», 1992.

9. Ravich-Shcherbo I.V., Marjutina T.M., Grigorenko E.L. Psychogenetic., 1999.

10. Ravich-Shcherbo I.V. A role of environment and a heredity in formation of individuality of personality. М.: Pedagogic. 1988. 329.

11. Stolin V.V. Self-consciousness of personality, 1982.

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