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Problem of forming world outlook safety as means of preventive measures of extremism in the youth environment

Zvezdina G.P.

Annotation

worldview security younger generation

In the article the role of world outlook safety in preventive measures of extremist sentiments of youth is considered. Influence of youth subcultures on forming of specificity of outlook of young generation is revealed; priority of spiritual-moral education of rising generation in guaranteeing national safety of the country is proved.

Key words: safety of a person, world outlook safety, culture of safety, extremism, youth subculture, spiritual-moral education, humanistic outlook.

high speed of changes, cardinal renovation of a way of life, deletion of economic and information borders have also caused global changes at a mental level of the society.

Today values of morality and culture which were the basis for the previous epochs are promptly changing. The outlook of a person which has been developed as a result of education in the family, traditional education and influence of mass media, does not correspond to those life's conditions in which the society is immersing in a new, postindustrial epoch.

Against a background of global changes of the world there are also changes at the level of separate states. The Russian society experiences now a deep spiritual-moral crisis. The modern young generation is under extraordinary rigid conditions of the natural and social environment which is characterized by extreme ideological, sociopolitical and economic instability and uncertainty. Under these circumstances the problem of safety is becoming of current importance. The new epoch demands forming a culture of safety on basis of applying scientific approaches and systemic involving safety issues in education of youth.

In the concept of national safety of the Russian Federation it is declared that «maintenance of national safety of the Russian Federation also includes protection … of a spiritual-moral heritage, historical traditions and norms of a public life …, forming the state policy in the field of spiritual and moral education of the population, and also includes counteraction to negative influence of foreign religious organizations and missionaries» [2]. The problem of spiritual, world outlook safety in the today's world is put in the forefront in the life of a person, public institutes, the state, the mankind and the world on the whole.

Modern scientists point out that safety of a person depends not only on his/her personal behaviour, but also on quantity and power of the threats which are formed by the environment (natural, social, technogenic). The future of the society depends not so much on the taken measures of providing safety as to a greater extent on an orientation of consciousness of people, on world outlooks of individuals. The world outlook represents a system of views on the objective world and a place of the person in it. Everybody has got a different world outlook including a system of values and purposes of sensible life activity. But for surviving the society the world outlooks of different people should include a common component.

Long-term alienation of the person from genuine spiritual culture, national roots and traditions, from belief which is characteristic for our society has result ed in crisis of the public consciousness which has expressed in the extremely adverse public atmosphere: intensifying criminogenic state of the society; increasing in crime (including children's); violence; open propagation of dissoluteness of morals and manners. Especially complicated situation has developed in teenage and youth circles.

Teenagers and youth as the most socially unprotected group of the population fall under all kinds of influence and value-sense transformations strongly. The modern youth faces great changes and great uncertainty and obscurity that in turn raises its anxiety for the future and causes a desire to relieve this anxiety, but, unfortunately, not always in the constructive ways.

Exactly the youth represents a high-risk group inclined to aggressive-extremist actions. Owing to their age, young people are characterized by such psychological features as: maximalism and nihilism, radicalism and intolerance, recklessness and irreconcilability, inclination to sectionalism, world outlook instability and failures in searching self-identity which under the certain life's conditions and availability of a nutrient medium can become a starting mechanism of their antisocial activity.

Today extremism as an adherence to extreme destructive views and measures in youth environment has gained quite a wide ground. The favorable conditions have developed for forming extremism in the modern youth: a high uncertainty of the future, marginality of social positions, irrelevance by the society, a cult of violence in mass media, availability of negative information by means of the Internet.

Youth adherence to ideas is expressed more strongly in comparison with other social groups of the population. They are inclined to forming different associations. In communities of young people their own cultural norms and attitudes are naturally formed, peculiar values are cultivated, generation factors which can become a basis for psychological opposition between «we» and «they» take effect.

Norms and values distinguishing a youth group from the majority of societies are called subcultural. They are formed under influence of such factors as age, an ethnic origin, religion, a social group or a place of residence. Values of subculture influence forming the personality of a member of the group. They do not mean refusal of the national culture accepted by the majority, but only find out some deviations from it.

If the youth subculture is formed on basis of norms and values distinguishing it from the majority of societies, the formal youth culture is based on values of a mass culture, the purposes of the state social policy and the official ideology.

Researchers Morozov V.V., Skryabov A.P. analyzing specific features of the Russian youth subculture discover their role in forming world outlook of youth [4].

Examining features of entertaining-recreative orientation of subculture, authors indicate that alongside with a communicative function (dialogue with friends) leisure basically carries out a recreative function (about one third of senior pupils note that their hobby at a leisure is «idleness»), while cognitive, creative and heuristic functions are not realized at all or are realized insufficiently. The youth basically adheres to values of the mass culture broadcasted by means of radio and television.

Analyzing the role of «Westernization» («Americanization») of cultural needs and interests of youth, a supplanting by schematized stereotypes, by patterns of the mass culture directed to implantation of values of «an American way of life» in its primitive and facilitated variant of values of the national culture is noticed. In cultural self-realization of youth it is observed a thoughtless contempt of such «out-of-date» values as politeness, mildness and respect for neighboring people to please fashion, pragmatism, cruelty, and intemperate aspiration for material welfare.

Researchers pay attention to a priority of consumer orientations of the youth over creative ones. As a rule, creative self-realization is in marginal forms. In youth subcultures an individualization and selectivity of culture are faintly watched. group stereotypes and prestigious hierarchy of values are based on cultural conformism within the framework of the informal group of communication and on aversion of other values and stereotypes.

As a rule, leisure self-realization of the youth takes place outside of institutions of culture and is rather appreciably caused by influence of the only television that indicates an extrainstitutional cultural self-realization.

And at last, there is a lack of ethnocultural self-identification which characterizes the person as the citizen and the patriot of the country. Unfortunately, national culture (traditions, customs, folklore, etc.) are perceived by the majority of the young people as an anachronism.

Developed position of youth subcultures is a reflection of the changes which have taken place in the public consciousness and the state policy. The Russian Federation has lost its official ideology, and the society has lost its spiritual and moral ideals. Spiritual-moral teaching and educational functions of the working system of education turn out to be minimized. As a consequence of it the totality of the value attitudes inherent in mass consciousness (including children's and youth) is in many respects destructive and destroying from the point of view of development of the personality, the family and the state.

In this occasion it would be pertinent to quote F.M. Dostoevsky: «the Nation, having stopped to live by the great idea, is doomed to extinction». In the face of the Russian Federation and the society there is a problem of developing the national idea which can become an effective antidote against extremism.

In this connection the problem of spiritual-moral education of the rising generation has got the extreme significance, and, without exaggeration, today it should be comprehended as one of priority in providing national safety of the country.

Taking into account continuity and succession of modern education (kindergarten - school - institute of higher education), it becomes obvious such problems as development of a person of a safe type of behaviour, increase of social-psychological competence and the level of world outlook stability of children and youth in view of age features and features of modern social reality. Modern education should be directed at forming in a person both moral world outlook stability and tolerance. having established a world outlook orientation as a fundamental principle of studying various subjects, it is necessary to organize educational process in such a way that it could result in perfection of moral qualities of the personality of a trainee and formation of psychological readiness for all kinds of psychological and ideological influences including extremism.

The world outlook was always a central point of struggle of various social groups of the population. It was always and remains a determinating and the most effective factor of any political and economic system in its struggle for existence. The supreme, value level of the world outlook, explaining to peoples and generations senses and purposes of their life, was always the basic social cultural layer.

The humanistic world outlook cannot be simply assimilated, «found» from books; it cannot be imposed on somebody by someone. It is a sphere of moral, aesthetic, political consciousness; these are personal views and beliefs experienced and deeply realized, which determines spirituality, value orientations of children and youth, their own «Self», creative and active attitude to the world, to people, to their place in the society. But for this purpose young people need a certain social environment, an education, and help on the part of teachers and scientists in searching truth of their existence, their world outlook [3].

«In order that theoretical knowledge has become a genuine “guide to action”, it should have passed a complicated way of penetration into the inner world of a person, undergone a transformation of «knowledge into beliefs», for the own nature of world outlook has not got a theoretical, but a spiritual-practical character» [1].

The modern educational environment has got certain resources in the field of forming world outlook safety of children and youth. Mastering principles and methods of cognition of the reality, enriching with the system of spiritual-valuable orientations make the person more stable to all kinds of influences of world around and promote development of a person of the safe type of behaviour.

References

1. Ivanov V.P. World outlook culture of a person (philosophical problems of forming). - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1986. - 292 p.

2. The concept of national safety of the Russian Federation. Aauthorized on january, 10, 2000. # 24 // www.scrf.gov.ru/documents/1.html.

3. Melina S.I. Safety and forming of world outlook stability of pupils in extreme situations // www.flm.su/?actions=main_content&id=234.

4. Morozov V.V., Skryabov A.P. contradictoriness of socialization and education of youth under circumstances of reforms // Sociopolitical magazine. - 1998. - # 1.

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