Kinds of ideals of a way of life of students-graduates
Research of types of life-style ideal of graduate students. Theoretical-empirical model of its study and analysis of the results. Structure of the ideal lifestyle of students, as well as possible ways and perspectives for further study of their ideals.
| Рубрика | Психология |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 06.02.2019 |
| Размер файла | 15,2 K |
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Kinds of ideals of a way of life of students-graduates
The last years of the training period at hIgh SchOOL is the basic period for construction and organization of both the further life of graduates, and their individual way of life. The way of life we have defined as the form of the individual organization of person's activities in different spheres of live activity which is formed on the basis of hierarchy of needs and values of the personality; it is realized in concrete conditions by means of special operational and style models. The ideal of a way of life acts as an internal incentive force and orientation in the way of life construction of the personality, i.e. personality's representation of the most desirable way of life and its formation acts. In this connection studying of the way of life ideals of students-graduates is rather urgent.
As well as any ideal [1], the ideal of the way of life is the three-componental formation (subject, emotional and operational components) in which the subject component is the leader. The subject component in the way of life ideal is presented by activities through which it is realized; by needs and values on the basis of which activities acquire the organization; by social conditions of their realization [4, 5, etc.].
Activity as conscious and purposeful social activity of the personality is caused by requirements and values of the person and is directed on their realization. After a number of authors [2, 6, etc.] we have marked out labour, family-household, educational, political activity, and activity in hobby sphere as the base activities; the needs and values offered by A.Maslow and taken in their hierarchical structure [3] are the basis for these activities organization; material-economic, socially-demographic, territorial and cultural conditions [5, etc.] are taken as conditions of realization of an individual way of life. Further each of them have been differentiated after different bases. The individual and desirable configuration of the most desirable activities, needs and values and conditions of their realization represents the maintenance of the subject component of the way of life ideal.
Distinguishing of kinds of ideals of the way of life of students-graduates on the basis of the subject component maintenance of these ideals was the purpose of the empirical research. 143 students-graduates of the Rostov hIgh SchOOL at the age of 20-23 years have taken part in the research. Questioning method, a method of statistical data processing (the factorial analysis by a method of principal components, criterion of Fridman, criterion of Vilkokson, descriptive statistics - lower and upper quartiles) were applied. In result of the factorial analysis of the indicators, designating activities and needs and values 7 factors have been marked out. In the table there are resulted the activities and needs and values, which individual positive weight of expressiveness exceeded 0,5.
graduate student ideal
Values in each factor of weights of expressiveness of variables: activities and needs and values
|
FAcTORS |
AcTIVITIES |
NEEDS AND VALUES |
WEIghT |
|
|
Factor 1 |
Labour |
Belonging |
0,562230 |
|
|
Family-household |
Belonging |
0,733183 |
||
|
Family-household |
Respect |
0,595733 |
||
|
Family-household |
Realization |
0,714399 |
||
|
Factor 2 |
hobbies |
Belonging |
0,816703 |
|
|
hobbies |
Respect |
0,837005 |
||
|
Factor 3 |
Family-household |
Physiological |
0,738903 |
|
|
hobbies |
Physiological |
0,731982 |
||
|
Factor 4 |
Labour |
Respect |
0,730578 |
|
|
hobbies |
Realization |
0,757594 |
||
|
hobbies |
Realization |
0,577386 |
||
|
Factor 5 |
Social and political |
Physiological |
0,530846 |
|
|
Social and political |
Belonging |
0,676304 |
||
|
Social and political |
Respect |
0,812567 |
||
|
Social and political |
Realization |
0,593022 |
||
|
Factor 6 |
Labour |
Safety |
0,574058 |
|
|
Family-household |
Safety |
0,580189 |
||
|
Political |
Safety |
0,738514 |
||
|
Educational |
Safety |
0,617560 |
||
|
Factor 7 |
Educational |
Belonging |
0,633019 |
|
|
Educational |
Respect |
0,652525 |
||
|
Educational |
Realization |
0,606040 |
||
|
Explains 63,7% of a dispersion |
By results of the factorial analysis 7 groups of students-graduates with different ideals of a way of life have been distinguished. In each group the leading conditions of realization of ideals were marked out. We will describe the leading ideals of the way of life.
«The MATRIMONIAL WAY OF LIFE» (53 persons) - as Leading are family-household and labour activities, directed on satisfaction of needs of the social individual and the personality. Family-household activity, being the basic for self-realization of the personality, is directed on establishment and maintenance of family close relations, gaining of respect of family members. As a basis of labour activity there are needs of belonging to certain social group and establishing of good relations with colleagues. Labour activity is a source of the material income which basic part is spent on family and hobby. conditions of the way of life realization are residing in Russia at official marriage; supervising post in a big city, providing the big material income; possibility to spend actively free time in territory of Russia; situational and supervising character of social and political activity divergently out of any public organizations.
«SELF-REALIZATION IN AcTIVITY ON INTERESTS» (37 persons) - the leading are labour activity and employment on hobbies which are based on needs for self-actualization. Labour activity is directed also on a gain of respect of associates and reception of the prestigious social status. conditions of the way of life realization are the work in a big city with supervising post in a circle of people having higher education; residing in official marriage; possibility to be engaged in various active hobbies and to get official education. Labour activity is the basic source of the high income which basic part is intended for the family maintenance.
Thus, on the basis of individual combination of activities, needs and values and realization conditions there were distinguished and designated 7 ideals of the way of life. The leading ideals of the way of life have been described in this article. Prospects of this research we see in studying of the way of life ideals of students-graduates depending on their professional and gender belonging.
Literature
graduate student ideal
1. Dzhaneryan S.T., Sheveleva A.M. Psychological aspects of studying of ideals of professional career // RSU Psychological bulletin. - 1999. - part 4. - P. 243-251.
2. Kumeykina O.V. heuristic potential of the “way of life” category in psychological researches // The collection of scientific works of the North caucasian state technical university. A series “The humanities”. - № 2 (14)/ - 2005.
3. Maslow A.h. Motivation and personality. Third Edition / Translation from English. - SPb: Peter, 2006. - 352 p.
4. Rubinshtein S.L. Foundations of the general psychology. - SPb: Peter, 2000. - 720 p.
5. Tolstykh V. I. The Way of life. concept. Reality. Problems. - M.: Politizdat, 1975. - 184 p.
6. Vozmitel A.A. A way of life: from the old approach to new one // Sociopolitical sciences. - 1991. - № 1. - P. 85-91.
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