Forming antiterrorist consciousness on the basis of life-sense conception of a person

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In the beginning of the third millenium the world community has faced with a terrorist threat. And though the terrorism is not a new growth of the end of the XIX-XXI centuries - its origins can be tracked in the ancient times (judaic sect of Sukkars) and in the Middle Ages (sect of hashashains) - now it has become a universal phenomenon. It is possible to say that the modern world has not only stepped into the epoch of globalization, but also into the epoch of total counteraction to terrorism. However the attitude to terrorism developing under the influence of the society (religion, policy of the state, reference groups, family, etc.) is formed at the level of sense structures of a person. Therefore forming antiterrorist consciousness of a person should be primarily carried out with taking into consideration sense features of this or that group of the population.

The sense sphere of a person is formed on the basis of life's relations of the subject and in future it is responsible for regulation of his/her life activity. D.A. Leontiev in his work «Psychology of sense» writes that «the sense sphere of a person is a complex of sense formations (structures) organized in a special way and ties between them, providing sense regulation of entire life activity of the subject in all its aspects» [3, р. 154].

Relations of the subject with the world at the level of sense sphere of the person are reflected in sense structures of different levels:

? structures of the first level which directly participate in forming activity and behaviour in the given particular situation (personal sense, sense attitude);

? structures of the second level which are responsible for sense-creation and directly influence structures of the first level (motives, sense constructs and sense dispositions);

? structures of the third level which are an initial point for processes of sense-creation and sense-origination (the supreme senses and personal values).

All sense structures are closely interrelated and are a single whole. It is important to note that over-situational sense structures (structure of the second and third levels) represent a life-sense conception of a person, i.e. «a core orientation of the person, his/her sense of life. It comprises the very existential sense universals, the very values which form the basis of the person» [2, р. 60].

Thus, in order that the subject shows terror aversion in his/her behaviour and activity (i.e. at the level of personal sense and sense attitude), humanitarian values should make the basis of his/her life-sense conception, and, hence, be part of his/her sense structures of the second and third levels.

Speaking about rejection of terrorist attitudes and acceptance of universal humanitarian values by the subject, it is necessary to track the movement of these values at the level of senses and sense structures in sense sphere of the person and their inclusion into his/her life-sense conception.

So, personal sense, being a regulatory mechanism of activity, represents to the subject a role and a place of the reality reflected by it in the system of his/her life activity in each particular situation. It is possible to say that the personal sense is a specific «translator» for the subject, showing to him/her «the meaning for him/her» of the given situation, the given activity and the given actions at each instant of time.

Sense attitude, being a component of executive mechanisms of activity, is in various forms to affect features of course of this activity up to its full discontinuance and generation of another alternative activity. The feature of sense attitude consists in stabilizing, deflecting, blocking or disorganizing influence which determines an orientation of course of activity of the subject. Thus, in the given particular situation the person depending on prevailing at him/her sense attitude will show antiterrorist (or terrorist) oriented behaviour.

It is important to note that sense structures of the first level can be reflected in the consciousness of the person and, thus, realized by the subject.

Passing to the structures of the second level, it is necessary to emphasize particularly that these very structures are responsible for sense-creation and directly influence the structures of the first level.

Motive, being a situationally formed sense structure, has a property to induce and direct activity depending on needs of the person. «Motive of activity can become a subject whose sense can cause a necessity to make by means of the activity some changes in the inner life of the person. As a rule, the sense of motive is set by its connection not with one, but with a diversity of needs» [3, р. 204]. Thus, motive of antiterrorist activity can become needs for peace, one's own safety and safety of the family, for well-being and quiet good-neighbour relations, etc.

Sense disposition represents attitudes to significant objects which have been rooted in the structure of the person. It is possible to say that the sense disposition is concretized in stereotypes of the subject and his/her predisposition to act in a certain way in the definite situations. Therefore, in order that the behaviour of the person has an antiterrorist character, such objects and phenomena of the world around as, for example, the positive attitude to the certain people and to people in general, love for the homeland and for the Motherland as a whole, etc., should be significant for the subject irrespective of a situation.

According to D.A. Leontiev, sense construct can be described as «a steady categorial scale» by means of which the subject determines and estimates for himself/herself importance of one or another characteristic of the given object or the phenomenon of the reality. Speaking about sense structures of the second level it is important to accentuate that just the sense construct is most closely connected to the supreme senses and personal values of the subject. As just the sense construct has such functions as estimation and further differentiation and/or integration of subjects according to some attribute, «becoming actual in a certain activity mainly under the influence of relevant motives, they (sense constructs) introduce to its sense regulation components reflecting the strategic orientation of the person, and they are maximally independent of the current orientation of activity and of immediate interests» [3, р. 223]. Thus, speaking about sense construct with reference to antiterrorist activity of the person, it is possible to state that it is a peculiar scale, «a measuring ruler», according to which the subject frequent unconsciously estimates surrounding reality and his/ her activity. Poles of this «ruler» can be such positions as «good - bad», «one's own - strange», «creation - destruction», «humanely - inhumanely», etc.

Considering structures of the third level - the supreme senses and personal values, - it is important to stress again that these structures are a starting point for processes of sense-creation and sense-origination and they are concretized in outlook of the person and his/her inner image of the world. So, in order that the image of the world including antiterrorist activity as one the basic essential senses will have been formed in the subject, it is necessary that such humanitarian values as tolerance, peaceful coexistence, respect to Another, etc. will have been internalized by the person at the level of deep supreme senses and personal values.

Thus, we have considered the process of representativeness of antiterrorist senses at all levels of functioning of sense structures of the person and forming a humanitarian orientation as one of basic components of the life-sense conception of the person. terrorism psychological sense motive

In conclusion it is significant to pay attention to one more basic moment. D.A. Leontiev mentions that «selection, acceptance and assimilation of social values by the individual are mediated with his/her social identity and with values of his/her reference small contact groups which can act both a catalyst, and a barrier for assimilation of values of large social groups, including universal human values» [3, р. 231]. In this case, a social environment of the subject and feature of his/her key activity are of fundamental importance. Accordingly, in order that humanitarian antiterrorist values will have become essential sense principles in the inner life of the subject and they will be sense-creating foundations of his/her life activity in future, it is necessary to create special conditions at all levels of interaction with the subject - at the level of his/her family, various educational establishments and social institutes, and at the level of government in general.

It is possible to give some examples of creating such conditions at the levels of sense structures:

? developing tolerance of the subject as one of basic values of the person;

? forming social and communicative competence of the person;

? forming civil identity and active citizenship of the subject;

? popularizing the common humanitarian values irrespective of the person's ethnic, confessional and cultural belonging;

? emphasizing the common historical past and collective achievements of representatives of various peoples, faiths and cultures;

? aiming at «cooperation» instead of at «antagonism»;

? accentuating the importance of variety as an opportunity for creativity and personal development;

? focusing attention on modern success and achievements during joint activity.

In conclusion it is necessary to note once again that today terrorism has got a transnational character, and the given problem can be only solved by joint efforts of all members of the world community. It gives rise to the necessity of development of integrated approaches and united methods of counteraction to various terrorist displays. And in this case orientation to the sense sphere of the person, taking into consideration his/her features of sense-creation and sense-origination, creating favorable conditions for harmonious development, popularizing the ideology of a civil society and purposeful forming humanitarian values are of fundamental importance. These will promote generating the positive social consciousness which excludes a very opportunity of using violence for achievement of any goals.

References

1. Abakumova I.V. Teaching and sense: sense-creation in educational process. (The psychological-didactic approach). - Rostov-on-Don: Publishing house of Rostov State University, 2003. - 480 p.

2. Kruteleva L.Ju. The psychological features of life-sense strategies of students of different cognitive orientations studying foreign language: thesis for the Degree of candidate of science in Psychology - Rostov-on-Don, 2005. - 222 p.

3. Leontiev D.A. Psychology of sense: nature, structure and dynamics of the sense reality. - The 3 edition. - M.: Smysl, 2007. - 511 p.

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