Empirical studying of senior schoolboys’ ideas about safety of life activity

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Empirical studying of senior schoolboys' ideas about safety of life activity

In the article results of empirical research of senior schoolboys' ideas about safety of life activity are presented; their differentiation on a level of self-identity, character of relations with parents, with contemporaries, on a level of personal anxiety, and also on prevailing orientation of coping-behaviour is given. It is proved, that senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity are variative enough in their substantial and semantic components, volume, orientations and depend on the priorities of construction of interaction with world around.

Purposeful researches of psychological aspects of safety of life activity of the person have begun only in XX century. The analysis of the works of native and foreign authors has allowed to reveal ideas about safety of life activity as a psychological phenomenon which enough for a long time enters into a field of scientific researches (Baeva I.A., 2002; Balashov A.V., 2006; Burlachuk L.F., Korzhova E.Y., 1998; Vasilyuk F.E., 1993; grachev g.V., 1998; grigoryan R.V., 2007; Kolesnikova T.I., 2001; etc.).

To the present time some approaches to understanding of psychological essence of a phenomenon of safety were generated: functional, ascertaining and attributive. Applied researches in the sphere of safety have allowed to establish characteristics of safety of the person in various conditions of his life activity (labour, educational activity), personal qualities promoting and interfering achievement of safety, to offer approaches to safety of the person, etc. The major result of the spent researches was the conclusion, that the major factor of safety of the person is the subjective factor as which there act not only personal qualities of the person, but also his ideas about safety. The analysis of the works opening psychological essence of subjective ideas has allowed to establish, that alongside with concreteness, ideas are characterized by integrity, generalization, completeness, brightness, clearness of an image.

We have distinguished and analyzed two approaches to studying of ideas of the person: situational-environmental and age. Studying of the psychological features, inherent in the person at the senior school age, has allowed to establish that during this period he especially requires the formation of adequate ideas about safety.

Alongside with concreteness, the ideas are characterized by integrity, generalization, completeness, brightness, clearness of an image. Ideas of senior pupils about safety of life activity at a substantial level are characterized by presence of following vital priorities among them: house and parents, physical attributes of protection, social institutes of safety, property, health, circle of communication.

It is established, that qualitative aspects of senior pupils' ideas about safety possess a polar modality: they contain both negative and positive estimations of life activity organization of the person from positions of safety. These ideas reflect a various level of positivity of the subject's relation to various sides and phenomena of world around.

Senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity are rather variative in the substantial and semantic components, volume and orientation. They depend on the priorities of construction of interaction with world around. The selective importance and positivity of estimation of the phenomena of world around as making parts of ideas about safety of life activity are formed under influence of some psychological features inherent in the subject: type of sex and role identity, level of self-identity, character of subjective control inherent in the person, positivity of relations with parents, social status occupied in collective of contemporaries, state of personal anxiety, used coping-strategies. Each of these characteristics brings the contribution to formation of senior pupils' features of ideas about safety of life activity.

The empirical investigation phase included ascertaining and forming kinds of experiment. The ascertaining stage of experiment has been directed on fixing of qualitative and quantitative features of senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity, revealing of features of their structure and variability of parameters (substantial units, volume and orientation).

For realization of experimental tasks we developed a technique of the individual semantic differential, allowing to study features of senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity. The contents of scales and elements of this technique have been received experimentally on the corresponding sample of examinees that has allowed to increase a level of validity of all presented experiment and has made attractive its use in the further researches.

As the substantial analysis of the received data shows, the volume of senior pupils' ideas at positive relations with parents is wider as a whole on volume of ideas about safety of life activity, and inside of each of the distinguished subgroups of these ideas (“family, “house”, “physical attributes of protection”, “social institutes of safety”, “property”, “health”, “circle of communication”).

The similar tendency is found out among senior pupils differing on their sociometrics status occupied by them in a collective of contemporaries. On the subselection of senior pupils-leaders there is revealed a statistical prevalence (p < 0,05) of greater volume of ideas about safety in comparison with volume of the corresponding ideas of senior pupils rejected by contemporaries (accordingly, 8,1 units and 6,2 units). Senior pupils-leaders, in comparison with senior pupils rejected by collective of contemporaries, possess a smaller share of small (from 0 up to 4 units) and a greater share of great (from 9 up to 12 units) on volume of ideas about safety of life activity.

According to the received results, ideas of senior pupils about safety of life activity differ on the modality. They are differentiated on a level of self-identity (p < 0,01), character of relations with parents (p < 0,05) and with contemporaries (p < 0,05), level of personal anxiety (p < 0,01), prevailing orientation of coping-behaviour (p < 0,05).

Statistically reliable distinctions in positivity of ideas about safety of life activity are established between senior pupils differing on a level of development of self-identity and personal anxiety. The greatest help in development of ideas about safety of life activity is demanded by senior pupils who experience difficulties in establishment of social communications, experiencing low self-identity and high personal anxiety. Ideas of senior pupils about safety of life activity is the complex psychological phenomenon described on the basis of certain objects distinguished by them (sources and means of safety of life activity) and characteristics (qualitative parameters of required objects) of life reality, connected with safety of the person.

Senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity at a substantial level is characterized by presence of following vital priorities: house and parents, physical attributes of protection, social institutes of safety, property, health, circle of communication.

Qualitative aspects of senior pupils' ideas about safety possess a polar modality: they contain both negative and positive estimations of organization of life activity of the person from positions of safety. These ideas reflect a various level of positivity of the subject's relation to various sides and phenomena of world around. Senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity are built on three main factors designated as force, estimation and activity. These factors reflect the general structure of consciousness of the person, but possess following substantial specificity: force in this case is identified with reliability and experience; activity - with reality, allowing to correlate safety of life activity with inner state of the subject and his ability to tower above circumstances; estimation - with emotionally attractive in a counterbalance to status, semi-official.

Development of senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity should include expansion of their competence in a sphere of safety in combination with development of such subject characteristics as communicative abilities, social and personal identity, low personal anxiety. Reception of positive results in this direction is promoted by the program of development of senior pupils' ideas about safety of life activity made and approved by us, including information-cognitive and correction-developing parts, and also actualization of reserves of development of these ideas reflected in the contents of subject matters studied by senior schoolboys. Positive results in senior pupils' ideas about the safety of life activity fixed after its carrying out, have confirmed efficiency of the offered approach to overcoming of infringements in this sphere.

Literature

empirical description psychological

1.Baeva I.A. Psychological safety in education: Monography. - St Petersburg: Publishing house “SOUZ”, 2002. - 271 p.

2.Balashov A.V. culture of life activity safety in a context of professional culture of personality // Bulletin of the Seaside university. Series. Physiological and psychological and pedagogical sciences. - Archangelsk: Publishing house of the Seaside University, 2006. - №7. - P. 35-43.

3.Burlachuk L.F., Korzhova E.U. Psychology of life situations. The manual. - М.: Russian pedagogical agency, 1998. - 263 p.

4.Vasilyuk F.E. Image structure // Questions of psychology. - 1993. - №5.

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