Anxiety in communication as the reason of social disadoptation of teenagers with a low level of success in speech and communicative development

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Anxiety in communication as the reason of social disadoptation of teenagers with a low level of success in speech and communicative development

Pizhova K.V.

Comprehension of a role of communication in human life is one of priority tendencies in development of psychology of personality and social psychology. Working out the problem of communication, scientists and experts are common in statement of identity of communication and vital activity, since activity, formation and development of person are impossible without communication and success in professional work, activity in public life and, at last, personal happiness of everyone depends on a level of communication skills mastering. It is known, that the juvenile age is just that very age which is most sensitive in forming of all structures of personality and it is characterized by definition of ways of entering in adult life and necessity of forming of constructive interaction with the world and with self. Within the limits of these interrelations a teenager adopts social and historical experience, learns socially significant norms and functions, gets acquainted with the content of social roles.

The strongly pronounced communicative need, and also increasing need of occupation of the certain place in society, desire of self estimation in a “me and my participation in a life of society” system determine leading kinds of activity in adolescence including prosocial activity and communication (T.V. Dragunova, D.B. Elkonin). Teenager's communication need becomes specific and is not reduced to any other more simple needs. A substantial relation with contempoparies and orientation on new constructive relations with adults is combined with teenager's active increasing of independence in various fields of activity. Satisfaction of communication need plays an important role in accumulation of social experience and formation of teenager's consciousness. Low efficiency of individual communicative behaviour self-control, his inability to organize the interaction with surrounding people correctly, generates a high level of anxiety at the moment of introduction into speech communication, that considerably reduces social activity of teenagers with a low level of speech development. Thus, studying of anxiety in connection with a low level of speech development is an independent research problem. Now in native and foreign literature the problem of anxiety is very actively discussed. On the one hand, it is emphasized an important role of adequate level of anxiety in formation of emotional-willed regulation and in overcoming stressful loadings, on the other hand, the majority of authors marks, that it is exactly a high level of anxiety that is connected with difficulties in formation of adequate picture of themselves, their personal qualities and social and psychological adaptation of teenagers as a whole. Nevertheless, the problem of studying of anxiety and rendering psychological help to teenagers with a low level of speech and communicative development is not much elaborated. It is obvious, that speech defect as a whole cannot influence on most general qualities of emotions and feelings, on their value and role in human life. however, as a result of complicated communication among the persons with a low level of success in speech development character of social needs can change, the emotional attitude to various sides of reality can also have some changes (L.S. Vigotsky, 1983.). In the further, the low level of success in speech and communicative development leads to formation of specific personal reaction on speech defect, to certain emotional changes, including distortion of repertoire of emotional reactions, increase of personal and situational anxiety, fears and phobic expectations. This, in turn, can promote the formation of a social deprivation picture, which is connected with disturbance of adequate interaction with environment. Undoubtedly, social factors and conditions of upbringing play the leading role in realization of that “adult” feeling which leads to emotional intensity among teenagers (I.S. Kon, 1990). Basing, in general, on yet not quite steady system of opinions and beliefs, teenagers seriously reflect their features, disturbance in speech development and its influence on life, relations with surrounding people, success in environment of contempoparies. If earlier the difference from the majority draws teenagers' attention to exclusive, conflict, emotional situations, in the senior juvenile age the situation changes. The level of speech and communicative development, getting with the years more and more obvious influence on teenager's personality formation, can be considered as precondition of personal anxiety formation. Comprehension and experience of defect at juvenile age promotes consolidation of inadequate levels of anxiety that emphasizes the special importance of the problem which have determined the subject of our research. psychology communication personality social

60 teenagers of 13-16 years with a low level of communicative development, having speech defect in a structure and 70 teenagers with an average level of communicative development, without speech defect (control group) have participated in an ascertaining part of empirical research. In the work were used: a scale of personal anxiety (A.M. Prihozhan), a technique “Personal differential”; a sociometric method; techniques directed on revealing of character accentuations and mechanisms of psychological protection. Also, with a view to gather the information on a character of anxious behaviour of teenagers and situations in which it arises, the interview has been developed. As the research has shown among the teenagers with a low level of success in speech development the low level of social status registered at both high, and low level of anxiety was revealed. At the same time, teenagers with an average level of speech development without speech defect, at presence of polar variants of anxiety, practically did not have low parameters of sociometric status that testifies to a real role of speech defect in formation of anxiety among children of experimental group. During the research it has been established, that among the teenagers with extreme variants of expressiveness of anxiety the certain combinations of protective mechanisms which as usual, at a level of purpose, are actualized in any traumatic situation and promote consolidation of stereotypic reproduction of the last experience and ways of behavioural reaction without specificity of a concrete situation. The basic way of emotionally significant problem solution was the usage of the mechanism of compensation, and the anxiety was masked by external activity or deliberate calmness.

In general, the research has shown, that formation of inadequate levels of anxiety among teenagers with a low level of speech and communicative development is accompanied with complex of factors (social and psychological, communicative, personal) causing simplification of repertoire of behavioural reactions, adherence to ineffective protective mechanisms in chronic frustrative situations, morbidity of sharp anxiety and symptomatic character of excessive calmness.

The Literature

1. Breslav G.M. Emotional features of personality formation in childhood: norm and deviations. - М.: Pedagogica, 1990.

2. Kon I.S. Psychology of early youth. - M.: Prosveshenie, 1989.

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