Level of development of psychophysiological indicators of female students of 1-4 years of study

The questions of changing the peculiarities of the quickness of simple and complicated reaction on the irritant, static and dynamic tremor before and after the loads of the students. The research of indicators to optimize the education of students.

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Level of development of psychophysiological indicators of female students of 1-4 years of study

Serhiy Nikolayev, Yuriy Nikolayev

Abstract

It is stating in modem scientific literature that physical exercises have the healthiest meaning according to the individual physiological peculiarities of children and youth. Taking into consideration all these investigations for the optimization of physical education in higher educational establishments, firstly it is necessary to study the real conditions of students' psychophysical preparation. It is scientifically proved that systematic implementation of physical exercises increases functional human ability, physical development and preparation, improves health conditions, helps to recover quickly after different physical loads. Psychophysiology studies the role of many body processes in the behaviour and understanding of psychological process. The main place belongs to the learning of typical features, the discovering of properties of the nervous system. This direction is based on object-instrumental learning of the regularities of central nervous processes. The effectiveness of physical activities is defined by many «inner» (psychophysical) factors: motivations to work, abilities, stability for unfavourable factors of environment and states which are developed in human being under these factors. Studying age, sex and individual-typical peculiarities of human psychomotor skills is necessary for the determination of practical tasks in choosing the organization forms, methods and development tools. It is important to describe those age periods in which the most active different psychomotor skills appear. The particular part of psychophysical indexes is the quickness of simple and complicated reaction on the irritant and static and dynamic tremor. To optimize physical education of students it is necessary to research definite indicates of their psychophysical state such as: the quickness of simple and complicated reaction on the irritant, the exactness of measuring strength, time and spatial parameters, statistic and dynamic tremor before and after physical load. The questions of changing the peculiarities of the quickness of simple and complicated reaction on the irritant, static and dynamic tremor before and after the loads of the students of the Eastern European National University are enlighten in the article.

Key words: peculiarities, static and dynamic tremor, students, physical training exercises

У сучасній науковій літературі стверджується, що найбільше оздоровче значення мають фізичні навантаження, які відповідають індивідуальним психофізичним особливостям дітей і молоді. Зважаючи на ці дослідження, для оптимізації фізичного виховання у вищих навчальних закладах потрібно, насамперед, вивчити реальний стан психофізіологічної підготовленості студентів.

Науковцями доведено, що систематичне виконання фізичних вправ підвищує функціональні можливості людини, її фізичний розвиток і підготовленість, зміцнює здоров'я, сприяє швидкому відновленню після різноманітних психічних навантажень. Вивчення вікових, статевих й індивідуально-типових особливостей психомоторики людини необхідне для виконання практичних завдань вибору організаційних форм, методів і засобів її розвитку. Важливо визначити ті вікові періоди, у які найбільш активно проявляються ті чи інші психомоторні здібності.

Психофізіологія вивчає роль усіх багато численних процесів організму в поведінці та усвідомленні психічних процесів. Особливе місце належить вивченню типологічних особливостей, виявленню властивостей нервової системи. Цей напрям грунтується на об'єктивному інструментальному вивченні закономірностей протікання центрально-нервових процесів.

Ефективність фізичної діяльності визначається багатьма «внутрішніми» (психофізіологічними) факторами: мотивами до діяльності, здібностями, стійкістю до несприятливих факторів зовнішнього середовища й до станів, які розвиваються в людини під впливом цих факторів.

Вивчення вікових, статевих й індивідуально-типових особливостей психомоторики людини необхідно для виконання практичних завдань вибору організаційних форм, методів і засобів її розвитку. Важливо визначити ті вікові періоди, у яких найбільш активно проявляються ті чи інші психомоторні здібності. Складовою частиною психофізіологічних показників є швидкість простої й складної реакції на подразник та статичний і динамічний тремор.

Для оптимізації фізичного виховання студентів потрібно вивчити окремі показники їхнього психофізіологічного стану, а саме: швидкість простої та складної реакцій на подразник, точність вимірювання силових, часових, просторових параметрів статичного й динамічного тремору до та після виконання фізичного навантаження.

У статті висвітлено питання особливостей зміни показників швидкості простої й складної реакцій на подразник, статичного та динамічного тремору до й після виконання фізичного навантаження в студентів СНУ ім. Лесі Українки.

Ключеві слова: особливості, статичний і динамічний тремор, студенти, фізичні вправи.

В современной научной литературе утверждается, что самое большое оздоровительное значение имеют физические нагрузки, которые соответствуют индивидуальным психофизическим особенностям детей и подростков. Отталкиваясь от этих выводов, для оптимизации физического воспитания в высших учебных заведениях необходимо, в первую очередь, изучить реальное положение психофизиологической подготовки студентов.

Ученые доказали, что систематическое выполнение физических упражнений повышают функциональные возможности человека, его физическое развитие и подготовленность, укрепляет здоровье, способствует быстрому восстановлению после различных физических нагрузок. Изучение возрастных, половых и индивидуально-типовых особенностей психомоторики человека необходимо для решения практических заданий выбора организационных форм, методов и средств его развития. Важно изучить те возрастные периоды, в которых наиболее активно проявляются те или другие психомоторные способности.

Психофизиология изучает роль всех многочисленных процессов организма в поведении и осознании психических процессов. Особое место занимает изучениет типологических особенностей, индивидуальностей нервной системы. Это направление базируется на обективном изучении закономерностей протекания центрально-нервных процессов.

Еффективность физической деятельности определяется многими внутренними (психофизиологическими) факторами: мотивами к деятельности, способностями, стойкостью к неблагоприятным факторам внешней среды и состояний, которые развиваются у человека под влиянием этих факторов.

Изучение возрастных, половых и индивидуально-типовых особенностей психомоторики человека необходимо для решения практических заданий выбора организационных форм, методов и средств его развития. Важно определить те возрастные периоды, в которых наиболее активно проявляются те или другие психомоторные способности. Основной частью психофизиологических показателей есть скорость простой и сложной реакций на раздражитель и статический и динамический тремор.

Для оптимизации физического воспитания студентов необходимо изучить отдельные показатели их психофизиологического состояния, таких как точность измерения силовых, часовых, пространственных параметров статического и динамического тремора.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы особенностей изменения статического и динамического тремора до и после физических нагрузок у студентов СНУ им. Леси Украинки.

Ключевые слова: особенности, статический и динамический тремор, студенты, физические упражнения.

Introduction. Scientists have proved that systematic physical exercises increase the functional capabilities of a person, his/her physical development and preparedness, strengthen his/her health, and promote rapid recovery from various mental loads. student reaction load

The effectiveness of physical education depends on the psychophysiological characteristics of a person. Special attention has been paid to the study of typological features, the identification of properties of the nervous system, or, as psychologists often say today, [2; 4; 6], - the neurodynamic characteristics.

Psychophysiology focuses on the role of physiological processes in the internal experiences of a person [1; 3; 4]. The effectiveness of physical activity is determined by many «internal» (psychophysiological) factors: motives for activity, abilities, resistance to adverse external factors and states that develop in a person under the influence of these factors [5; 6].

In order to optimize the physical education of students of higher educational institutions, it is necessary to study separate indicators of their psycho-physiological states, namely the measurement accuracy of the parameters of strength, time, and space of static and dynamic tremors.

Tremor is an oscillation of the distal parts of limbs with a small amplitude. It is a normal physiological response to the regulatory action of the nerve centers that influences muscles, respiration, heart contractions, stability of the body position, etc. Tremors may be classified as static and dynamic. A static tremor is an oscillation of the distal parts observed in a fixed stretched straignt forward position of an arm. A dynamic tremor is measured during outlining contours of different configurations.

One of the tasks of our research aims to determine the rate of simple and complex reactions to a stimulus and static and dynamic tremors in the students of the EENU.

In view of these studies, in order to optimize physical education in higher education institutions, it is necessary, first of all, to study the state of psychophysiological preparedness of students.

The essential part of psychical and physiology indexes is the speed of simple and complex reaction on an irritant and static and dynamic tremor.

Physical education and sport in educational establishments of each level of accreditation are the important constituent of forming the person's general and professional culture, maintaining and strengthening of health, organization and providing healthy way of life, increasing the physical and functional backlogs of human organism, creating the conditions for active work longevity [ 5, 6 ].

In modern scientific literature [2; 4; 6] it is firmly established that physical activities, that answer the individual psychical and physiological characteristics of children and young people, have the greatest value for their health. Taking these researches into consideration, for optimization the physical education in higher educational establishments it is necessary, first of all, to learn the real state of students' psychical and physiological health. The study of age, sexual and individual features of person's psychical reactions is necessary for the solving the practical tasks as to the choice of organizational forms, methods and facilities of his development. It is important to define those age-old periods, when those or other psychomotor capabilities show up most actively. This problem stimulated us to investigate the indexes of speed of simple and complex reaction on an irritant and the indexes of static and dynamic tremor for the students of ENU named after Lesia Ukrainka.

The research aim is: 1) to find the indexes of speed of simple and complex reaction on an irritant and the indexes of static and dynamic tremor and 2) to define the conditions of these indexes changes after physical activity.

Research Results. The speed of simple reaction for students depending on the course of studies makes 0,16-0,19 p.s The complex reaction is for 0,04-0,06 c more protracted.

The highest indexes of simple and complex reaction are observed on the 1 and 4 courses of studies (table 1).

Table 1

The Speed of the Simple and Complex Reaction

Indexes

The Course of Study

1

2

3

4

Х

S

Sx

Х

S

Sx

Х

S

Sx

Х

S

Sx

The speed of the simple reaction, 5

0,16

0,03

0,005

0,19

0,03

0,006

0,19

0,03

0,001

0,17

0,03

0,01

The speed of the complex reaction, 5

0,20

0,04

0,005

0,24

0,02

0,005

0,25

0,03

0,009

0,22

0,04

0,01

The speed of the simple reaction after somersaults, 5

0,18

0,03

0,005

0,21

0,03

0,006

0,21

0,02

0,005

0,19

0,02

0,007

The speed of the complex reaction after somersaults, 5

0,24

0,04

0,006

0,27

0,02

0,005

0,29

0,02

0,004

0,27

0,02

0,01

After two somersaults the reaction rate is slowed down (a simple reaction of 0,18-0,21 s, a complex reaction of 0,24-0,29 s). The average rate of first-year girl students simple reaction after two somersaults is equal to 0,18 ± 0,03 s., second-year year girl students simple reaction - 0,21 ± 0,03 s., third-year girl students simple reaction - 0,21 ± 0,03 s. and forth-year girl students simple reaction - 0,19 ± 0,2 s. The average of the complex reaction after two somersaults among first-year girl students is 0,24 ± 0,004 s., second-year girl students - 0,27 ± 0,002 s., third-year girl students - 0,29 ± 0,02 s. and forth-year girl students 0,27 ± 0,02 s.

It is evident that the execution of the muscular work in particular in coordination exercises slightly slows down the duration of sensorimotor reactions

The results of static and dynamic tremor testing have shown that static tremor values are 2,20 - 3,87 (a right hand) and 4,91-5,80 (a left hand) of strokes (table 1).

There is a rather peculiar tendency to increase the tremor among first - second year students and a slight decrease among senior students. The exception is only forth year girl students (a left hand). The comparison of static tremor results shows that the values of the right hand are 27,13-163,63 % better than the left one.

The indicators of the dynamic tremor are much worse than the static one. The number of strokes with the right hand during the rod holding is 6,00-6,40. The time during which the students were performing the test varies within 11,60-12,97s. The productivity coefficient depending on the training year is 0,49-0,63 cu.

The results of testing with the left hand are lower than with the right one, in particular, the number of strokes during the test is 8,18-9,25 times. Exercise time - 12,25-14,58 s. The productivity factor is 0,58-0,71 cu. It should be noted that the productivity of the right hand is 34,69-37,29 higher.

During the studying at a higher educational institution the productivity coefficient of the dynamic tremor slightly changes.

The best results are observed at 1-3 training years. At the same time, these differences are not valid. The value of the static right-hand tremor after somersaults among first year students is 6,74 strokes.

The tremor average among second year students is 7,08 points. The static tremor results of the right hand after somersaults have improved to 6,92 and 6,60 strokes among second year students. Left-hand test values - 1,32-1,48 % worse than right ones.

In general, there is a tendency to improve the results of the right hand static tremor and the deterioration of the left one over the study period at the EENU.

It is necessary to state that the values of static tremor after performing somersaults are significantly worse than before somersaulting. The difference between the indices of the right arm is 174,0 % on the 1st course, on the 2nd - 177,0 %, on the 3rd - 257,0 %, on 4th - 300 %; left arm accordingly - 180,0 %, %, 182,0 %, 168,0 %.

Analyzing the indicators of dynamic tremor of the right arm after performing somersaults, an increase in the number of touches from 9,23 (on the 1st course) to 13,60 (on the 4th course) and the test run time (from

sec to 17,0 sec) was found. The coefficient of performance is 0,68-0,79 u. A similar tendency is observed with the indicators of the left arm tremor. At the same time, the value of the productivity coefficient is worse and is 0,77-0,91 u.

By comparative analysis of the values of dynamic tremor before and after performing somersaults, a significant difference was found between the indices.

In general, indicators of dynamic tremor after somersaulting worsen by about 100 %.

Conclusions and Perspectives of Further Research. The highest indices of simple and complex reaction were recorded on the 1st and 4th courses of study. There is a tendency to increase tremor by students of the 1st and 2nd courses with a subsequent minor improvement on the 3rd and 4th courses of study. The exception is only the 4th year students (left arm). The results of the test performed by the left arm are worse than by the right arm. The productivity of the left arm is 0,58-0,71u. The productivity factor of the right arm is 34,69-37,29 % higher. After exercising, indicators of static tremor worsen. The difference between the indices of the right arm is 174,0 % on the 1st course, on the 2 nd - 177,0 %, on the 3 rd -

%, on 4 th - 300 %; left arm accordingly - 180,0 %, 168,0 %, 182,0 %, 168,0 %. In general, indicators of dynamic tremor after physical activity deteriorate by about 100 %.

Sources and Literature

1. Абрамов М. С., Жуков М. М. Морфофункциональные показатели студентов и их зависимость от двигательной активности. Теория и практика физической культуры. 1985. № 5. С.33.

2. Баєчко Ф. Ф., Варус В. І. Індивідуальні психофізіологічні властивості людини та професійна діяльність. Матеріали наукової конференції. Київ, Черкаси, 1997. 156 с.

3. Виленский В. И. Физическая культура студента. Москва, 2001. С.35-53.

4. Ильин Е. Л. Психология физического воспитания. Москва: Просвещение, 1987. С.41-45.

5. Круцевич Т. Ю. Диференційований підхід у фізичному вихованні студентської молоді. Оптимізація процесу фізичного виховання в системі освіти. Тернопіль, 1997. С.30-31.

6. Семенов М. И. Типология психического развития. Теория и практика физической культуры. Ленинград, 1979. С. 12-16.

7. Abramov, M. S. & Zhukov, M. M. (1985). Morfofunktsionalnye pokazateli studentov i ikh zavisimost ot dvihatelnoi aktivnosti [Morphofunctional indicators of students and their dependence on motor activity].

8. Teoriia i praktoka fizicheskoi kultury, № 5, 33.

9. Baiechko, F. F. & Varus, V. I. (1997). Indyvidualni psykhofiziolohichni vlastyvosti liudyny ta profesiina diialnist [Individual psychophysiological properties of a person and professional activity]. Materialy naukovoi konferentsii. Kyiv Cherkasy, 156.

10. Vilenskii, V. I. (2001). Fizicheskaia kultura studenta [Physical culture of the student]. M., 35 - 53.

11. Ilin, E. L. (1987). Psikholohiia fizicheskoho vospitaniia [Psychology of physical education]. M., Prosveshchenie, 41-45.

12. Krutsevych, T. Iu. (1997). Dyferentsiiovanyi pidkhid u fizychnomu vykhovanni studentskoi molodi [Differentiated approach in physical education of student youth]. Optymizatsiia protsesu fizychnoho vykhovannia v systemi osvity, Ternopil, 30-31.

13. Semenov, M. I. (1979). Tipolohiia psikhicheskoho razvityia [Typology of mental development]. Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoi kultury, Leninhrad, 12-16.

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