Comparative Analysis of Peculiarities of Mercy Manifestations in Medical Staff and Representatives of Other Socionomic Professions

Let's consider the results of studying the peculiarities of mercy's performances with medical staff and representatives of other socionomic professions. According to the methodology for diagnosing the empathic abilities of Boyko V.V., the results indicated that there are certain differences in the scale scores among medical workers and representatives of other occupations. Based on the data obtained, medical workers are more likely to rely on the rational channel of empathy (2.93), with more advanced guidelines for empathy (3.33). Also, medical workers have higher identifiers (2.6), which, according to theoretical developments, are the basis of empathy. At the same time, the obtained indicators make it possible to assume that the representatives of other socionomic occupations rely more on the emotional channel of empathy (3.53), that is, they tend to identify empathy and establish a close emotional connection; they had higher rates on the scale of the intuitive canal of empathy (3.06), which indicates the readiness of the investigators to rely primarily on illogical and subconscious knowledge in assessing the behavior and condition of the partner. The maximum score for each scale is 6, and indicators above the average level (more than 3 points) were detected on the scale of the "emotional channel of empathy" in the group of representatives of other socionomic professions, "guidelines for empathy" - in the group of medical workers and "ability to empathy" in both groups. Indicators which were significantly lower than the average were identified by the "identification" scale from representatives of different professions (1,2 points out of 6 possible).

Interesting results were obtained by analyzing the total score of empathy. Thus, 20.48% of the first group of medical staff surveyed showed very low level of empathy; a half (50.6%) indicated lowered level and 28.92% - average level. This indicates that respondents in the majority are not inclined to establish an emotional connection, keeping the opportunity to return to the real world at any time; are ready at the right moment to show sympathy to the person who needs it, but at the same time they do not seek to fully perceive the person's condition. The obtained data also testify to the fact that medical workers have a focus of attention, perception and thinking on the existential essence of another person - on one's condition, problems, behavior. However, together with the ability to impartially identify the nature of other people, the examined are not inclined to enter into one emotional "wavelength" with others - to empathize, to understand the inner world, to predict behavior through emotional tuning. Perhaps this is a consequence of inability to regulate their own emotional state, misunderstanding their emotions and setting boundaries. The emotional component of mercy of a medical worker, which is considered through the combination of indicators of empathy and empathic potential, needs to be thoroughly studied due to the presence of low empathy indicators of medical professionals, according to which they have statistical differences in the rates of use of the emotional empathy channel, namely, they are less susceptible to it more than representatives of other socionomic professions.

According to the results of the test of empathic potential of I.M. Yusupov, medical workers are more inclined to detect "empathy for animals" (6.56) and "empathy for the elderly" (8.33). However, the indicators of empathy among representatives of other socionomic professions indicated a more developed level of "empathy in relationships with parents (9.66), children (7.33), heroes of works of art (7.46)". According to the indicators of empathy to strangers or unfamiliar people, the groups did not differ (8).

The maximum score that could be obtained for each of the scales is 15. It was found out that by none of the scales in the studied groups, high rates were indicated. Higher results than the median level were recorded in a group of medical staff, with indicators such as "empathy for parents" (8.56) and "empathy for the elderly" (8.33). Speaking of the average indicators of the total level of empathy, which can be calculated by the sum of all scales, medical workers have 38.08 points, and representatives of another group - 46.58 points. Both indicators belong to the average level of manifestations of empathy, which is typical for most people. Therefore, medical workers, as well as representatives of other socionomic occupations, were rather sensitive, at the same time, more inclined to rely on their judgments about the actions of others than to trust their inner senses and intuitions, they are well controlled by their emotional manifestations and are cautious about expressing emotions exacerbated by the other persons. In communication they are inclined to focus, delicately express their point of view. At the same time, those with an average level of empathic potential are having difficulty predicting the development of relations between people, and certain actions of others are unexpected for them.

According to the methodology of studying the personality orientation of V. Smekal and M. Kucher, the following results were obtained: medical workers were more oriented toward mutual actions (29) and tasks (35.1), while representatives of the other group showed a greater focus on themselves (35.33). Hence, the group of medical workers is dominated by tasks. This is a manifestation of a tremendous passion for the process of activity, the desire to learn something new, mastering certain skills and abilities. In addition, the investigated medical workers have the ability to defend their own opinion for the good of the cause, which is useful for achieving the goal.

To a lesser extent, based on the obtained indicators, the focus is on mutual actions (communication), that is, health workers are not inclined to maintain a relationship with the patient under any conditions, a low level of interest in cooperating with the patient in achieving the goal of treatment, so we can say about the low level of development of mercy as a tendency to establish contact with another person.

According to the indicators obtained by the methodology of diagnosis of socio-psychological guidelines of a person in the motivational-needing sphere of O.F. Potiomkina, medical workers differ by the highest level of orientation both on altruism (5.86) and selfishness (4.1). The maximum number of points for each scale is 11. Thus, the highest value of medical personnel received on the scale of the target orientation (6.06), and the lowest - on the orientation to selfishness. Representatives of another group have the highest rate on the process orientation scale (7.06), which is described as less interest in the result, the greater difficulty in achieving the result in conditions where a large amount of routine labor is required, the negative attitude that is difficult to overcome. The smallest result of this group was by the scale of selfishness orientation (3.26).

So, by defining the structure of values underlying the merciful behavior of a medical worker, it is possible to point out the existence of a balance between tendencies towards altruism and selfishness. The obtained data also testify to the reliability of the examined persons, because they are able to achieve the result in their activities in spite of obstacles and failures. The revealed tendencies take on the form of "appropriate" altruism, which does not include sacrifice and emotional inclusion for all events without exception.

Studying the manifestations of mercy in medical workers and representatives of other socionomic professions analyzed the indicators of terminal and instrumental values that take higher places in both groups in accordance with the methodology of identifying the value orientations of M. Rokich. Thus, medical workers prefer such terminal values as (in order of decreasing value): health, interesting work, happy family life, love. In the workers of other socionomic professions, the following results (in order of decreasing value): love, happy family life, health, and interesting work. With regard to instrumental values, the following results were obtained: medical workers prefer such values as education, honesty, responsibility, rationalism. At the same time, representatives of the other group prefer such values as responsibility, honesty, cheerfulness, and self-control.

Interpreting the indicators of the values and moral guidelines which are the basis of mercy of medical workers, we can say that they include the prevalence of values of interesting work, education, accuracy, honesty, ability to think soberly and to think logically, to take thoughtful, rational decisions. It is also worth noting the advantage of the value of physical and mental health among terminal values, that is, medical workers consider health as the goal of individual existence. Thus, unlike representatives of other socionomic professions, the mercy of medical workers is based on the qualities associated with the professional fulfillment of duties.

Such results can be explained by the importance of the medical profession, in which the human's life, education as mastering certain knowledge and responsibility can be influenced by the professionalism of a doctor. Therefore, mercy as a professionally important trait of a medical worker is based on the values associated with the high level of knowledge and the quality of the aid provided.

According to the method of unfinished sentences in the author's modifications, the results indicate that none of the groups received the maximum value on the scale, and the indicators were in the middle range. The obtained data can be interpreted in that the positive perception of the help is more characteristic for medical staff (in relation both to the object receiving the aid and to the subject that perceives it) (2.83) and more positive representation about mercy (3.93), while representatives of other socionomic professions showed a more positive view of empathy (1.8). Such results give an opportunity to consider the behavioral features of the manifestation of mercy. For medical workers, the positive perception of aid is more characteristic (of both the receiving object and the subject that perceives it) and a more positive attitude towards mercy. Also, medical workers shown a greater tendency to accept their help as something unpaid, without waiting for a reward; they probably do not believe that the help of another person has to burden them.

For statistical verification of the assumption of disparity in the development of mercy in medical workers and representatives of other socionomic professions, we used the U-criterion of Mann - Whitney. The analysis of the results of the study allowed to reveal a statistically significant difference (at the level of p<0.05) between the groups by the scale of the "emotional channel of empathy", which suggests that representatives of non-medical professions are more likely to use the emotional empathy channel. The results of the comparative analysis of the socio-psychological guidelines of the personality in the motivational-needing sphere also revealed some differences, namely: a statistically significant difference (at the level of p<0.01) was found, according to which doctors are less oriented to the process.

According to the results of statistical analysis of the choice of instrumental values, medical workers attach greater importance to such values as "accuracy" (at the level of p<0.05) and "education" (at the level of p<0.05), less - the value of "inflexible will" (at the level of p<0.05) - in comparison with representatives of other socionomic professions. According to the revealed tendencies, they also lesser appreciate "self-control" less and "pursuit of their thoughts" more. A significant difference in attitude towards help was also identified. Medical workers turned out to be more positive about situations that involve providing or receiving assistance from another person (at the level of p<0.01).

Thus, the results of the study revealed the presence of a number of peculiarities of mercy's performances with medical workers, which determine the differences between their mercy and of those of other socionomic occupations.

CONCLUSIONS

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