Peculiarities of coping strategies within people with various type of accentuation of character

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Gomel State University named after F. Skorina

Peculiarities of coping strategies within people with various type of accentuation of character

Stepan O. Stanibula, Senior lecturer of the Department of Psychology

The article reveals the specifics of coping strategies depending on the type of character accentuation. We give essentially informative-dispositional characteristic directions in the psychology of coping behavior. Ras regarded basic typology of accentuation nature, and reveals the correlation relationship with the various typologies of coping strategies. As a result of the study, it was revealed that: a demonstrative type of character accentuation is characterized by confrontational coping, the search for social support; jamming type of confrontational coping and distance as a way to solve difficult life situations. The hypertensive type of character accentuation uses confrontational coping as the leading one. Subjects with an excitable type of character accentuation use confrontational coping and distance.

Key words: coping strategies, students, crisis, stress, accentuation of character, social and psychological adaptation.

Станібула Степан Олександрович, старший викладач кафедри психології Гомельського державного університету імені Ф. Скорини

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОПІНГ-СТРАТЕГІЇ У СТУДЕНТІВ З РІЗНИХ ТИПОМ АКЦЕНТУАЦІЇ ХАРАКТЕРУ

У статті з'ясовано специфіку копінг-стратегій залежно від типу акцентуації характеру. Подано сутнісно-змістову характеристику диспозиційного напрямку в психології масової поведінки. Розглянуто основні типології акцентуацій характеру і виявлено кореляційний взаємозв'язок із різною типологією копінг-стратегій.

Ключові слова: копінг-стратегії, студенти, криза, стрес, акцентуація характеру, соціально-психологічна адаптація.

Introduction

The psychology of coping behavior is quite new, but recently a trend in psychology, which is gaining popularity more, and more. Any crisis experience carries a huge number of psychological and social problems of any form, and, introducing given aspects, the key aspect is to identify mechanisms of coping behavior. To date, there is no one fairly comprehensive descriptive concept that allows us to describe sufficiently the phenomenon of coping behavior.

Literature review. In scientific circulation, the term “coping” was introduced by L. Murphy and meant a defined attempt to create a new situation whether it was threatening and dangerous or joyful and favorable [9]. A number of authors consider the phenomenon of “coping” as a tendentious dynamic process of the psyche to eliminate problems in order to optimize the emotional state. In particular, in the same context R.S. Lazarus considered “coping”, defining it as a problem-solving process undertaken by an individual to optimize his psychological state and adapt to the environment [10].

A. Maslow defined the coping behavior as a “functional response” to the problem and actualized the following characterological components: clearly motivated; aimed at solving a specific problematics; causes changes, both in the environment and in the personality itself; has a recognized nature; acquires as a result of training [5, p.118].

E. R. Isaeva defined “coping” or “stress overcoming” “as an individual's activity in maintaining or preserving a balance between environmental requirements and resources satisfying these requirements” [2, p. 86].

S.A. Khazova understands by “coping” certain stable mental qualities that respond to actions, which emanate from the environment and differ from ordinary living conditions “coping resources allow a person to cope successfully with the requirements of life and to cope with various stresses. Namely the resources as the internal forces of the subject significantly expand the capabilities of man, increase his value in the eyes of others, make him more successful, productive, resilient ”[7, p. 189].

S. K Nartova-Bochaver quite systematically understood the meaning of “coping” and detailed the main content of this phenomenon in the aspect of the interaction of the subject with various phenomena of the internal and external conditions [6, p. 21]. Foreign sources use the concepts of “active coping”, “transformational coping”, “regressive coping”, and “avoidance coping” [1, p. 101].

Representatives of the dispositional direction understood by coping behavior a stable personal education that determines the response to a stressful event. In particular, L. Murphy singled out the relationship of coping behavior with individually typological personality traits [9].

K. Blankstein established the interconnection between high levels of anxiety and emotional overcoming of difficulties and poor student performance [8].

The phenomenology of personal experiences significantly affects the choice of coping strategies. It is noted that emotional disorders, or disorders in the development of the emotional sphere, have a significant impact on defensively coping behavior and prevent an individual from achieving psychological health and emotional maturity [4, p. 98].

T.L. Kryukova, A.M. Ronch in their studies established that the experience of loneliness is an essential basis for choosing one or another style of coping behavior, also was proved the tendency to choose unproductive coping strategies, which ultimately leads to an increase in feelings of loneliness [3, p.129]. It is proved that men cope with loneliness by an order of magnitude more unproductive than women who in these circumstances demonstrate the most adaptive patterns of coping behavior.

Representatives of the dispositional direction highlighted the relationship of individually typological personality traits with coping strategies used by the individual in times of stress. In particular, the interconnection of coping methods with the intellectual level of personality development is proved, the influence of optimism, negative efficiency, hostility, neurotism, the locus of control on the controlling aspects of the life of the personality are also detailed. In current researches, a detailed phenomenological understanding of the relationship of coping behavior with various personal dispositions and factors in choosing ways to control a person are expanding. Kryukova, M.V. Saporovskaya, S.A. Khazova, E.V. Kuftyak, O.B. Podobina, N.O. Belorukova, T.V. Gushchina and other.

Considering theoretical and practical research, which in our opinion is quite extensive and systematic, we did not find research on coping strategies with various types of character accentuations. These researches would be quite useful in the psychological support of various population groups with different typologies of character accentuations, since, knowing these trends, we could quite effectively understand which adaptive strategies need to be formed, etc.

Organization of the study. The study was conducted on the basis of the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Gomel State University named after Francis Skorina (GSU named after F. Skorina) during the period from November to December 2016. The research contingent: 3-5 year students studying in the specialty “Psychology”. In total, 65 people took part in the study (female - 59, male - 7). The age of the examinees: 19 - 22 years.

The methodological complex included: 1) Questionnaire “Accentuation of character and temperament of personality” by G. Shmisheka, K. Leonharda. for measuring the type of accentuation of character. 2) WOC “Questionnaire of coping methods” (R. Lazarus, S. Folkman, 1988, adapted by T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, M.S. Zamyshlyaeva, 2004). 3) Methods of mathematical statistical data processing Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results and their analysis

Analysis of the results of the study. We received the following results of the study of typology of accentuation and coping strategies by two methods:

Table 1. The average values of the extent of the type of accentuation of character in the general sample group