The pecularities of creativity in musical activity

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Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk national university

The pecularities of creativity in musical activity

Arshava I.F.,

doctor of psychology, professor, head of the department of general psychology and pathopsychology

Kutepova-Bredun V. Yu.,

PhD in psychology, associate professor at the department of general psychology and pathopsychology

Abstract

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the creativity of professional and amateur musicians. The characteristic of the phenomenon of creativity is given. The purpose of this work is to clarify the characteristics of the impact of musical activity on the development of such a personal trait as creativity by comparing the differences in the characteristics of the creativity of musicians and people involved in music at the amateur level.

To empirically verify the specifics of the creativity ofprofessional musicians and amateur musicians, a psychodiagnostic study was conducted, which involved 96 people (52 professional musicians and 44 amateur musicians). The following psychodiagnostic methods were used to solve the tasks set in the study: 16-factor personality questionnaire R.B. Kettella (16-FPQ-187-A), diagnostics of types of thinking and level of creativity (J. Brunner), personal creativity questionnaire (OE Tunik, 2002).

The presence of a higher level of creativity in professional musicians is substantiated and its constituent components in this contingent are singled out. The group of professional musicians has such traits as creativity, curiosity and riskiness. Amateur musicians also show a moderate level of creativity. Thus, the creativity of professional musicians and amateurs, despite the same type of activity, has a different character.

Regression analysis used in the study revealed that the creativity of professional musicians is most influenced by imagination and symbolic thinking, and the creativity of amateur musicians is determined by imagination, figurative thinking and such traits as trust (L - according to Kettell). The study of creativity (professional musicians, amateurs) emphasizes the exceptional role of imagination in the creative abilities of both groups of musicians, but professionals, along with imagination, play a significant role in sign thinking, and amateurs - figurative thinking, which emphasizes the differences between their groups.

Key words: creativity, figurative thinking, propensity to risk, sense of humor, trustworthiness, intuition, empathy.

Анотація

Для емпіричної перевірки уточнення специфіки креативності професійних музикантів та музикантів-аматорів було проведено психодіагностичне дослідження, в якому взяло участь 96 осіб (52 музиканта-професіонала та 44 музи - канта-аматора).

Для вирішення поставлених у дослідженні завдань були застосовані такі психодіагностичні методи: 16-фактор - ний особистісний опитувальник Р.Б. Кеттелла (16-FPQ-187-A), діагностика типів мислення та рівня креативності (Дж. Бруннер), опитувальник особистісної креативності (О.Є. Тунік, 2002).

Обґрунтовується наявність вищого рівню креативності в музикантів-професіоналів та виокремлюються її складові компоненти в цього контингенту. У групі музикантів-професіоналів виявлено такі риси, як креативність, допитливість та ризикованість, У музикантів-аматорів теж виявляється помірний рівень креативності. Отже, креативність музикантів-професіоналів та аматорів, незважаючи на однаковий вид діяльності, має різний характер. Регресійний аналіз, застосований у дослідженні, дав змогу встановити, що на креативність музикантів-професіоналів найбільше впливають уява та знакове мислення, а креативність музикантів-аматорів зумовлюються уявою, образним мисленням та такою рисою, як довірливість (L - за Кеттеллом). Дослідження креативності (музикантів-професіо - налів, аматорів) підкреслює виняткову роль уяви у творчих здібностях обох груп музикантів, але професіонали поряд з уявою мають значущу роль знакового мислення, а аматори - образного мислення, що підкреслює розбіжності обох груп у специфіці їхньої діяльності.

Ключові слова: креативність, образне мислення, схильність до ризику, почуття гумору, довірливість, інтуїція, емпатія.

Main part

Each profession requires a person to have certain specific psychological characteristics or qualities, which often directly affect the results of work, so the formation and development of a professional, including a musician, is a multifaceted process of formation and growth of man, his psychophysiological, intellectual, emotional and volitional improvement [5, p. 16].

The structure of musical talent includes: intellectual component, which includes abilities, human IQ level, emotional component and creative component, which is expressed in creativity [10]. A creative person is seen as a person with a higher degree of preparedness for specific activities, for life in general, to change behaviors, to find a way out of crisis, to the most constructive rational behavior in the so-called border states [2, p. 15]. That is why the study of personal characteristics of the creative personality, as well as the environmental conditions in which its activities are carried out, is the subject of many studies in psychology. This is especially true of professions where a person experiences a significant psychophysiological and psychological load on their internal resources. According to the personal approach, which corresponds to the system approach, the personality is interpreted as a reflection of internal and external conditions [13].

In this regard, today in the psychology of creativity is relevant to study the factors that reveal the creative potential of the individual and analyze the psychological conditions for maximum creative self-realization of the individual [1]. One of the key characteristics of a creative personality, as already mentioned, is creativity. The least developed problems of the psychology of creativity include the identification of the specifics of creativity in various types of creative activity, in particular - musical activity [1].

Background. In psychology there is a variety of interpretations of the concept «creativity»: as a prerequisite for the potential, creativity, process, product, characteristics, creative personality, creative thinking (M. Wallach, E. Torrens, N. Khryashchova, M. Kholodna) [7], universal cognitive property, general creative ability (J. Guilford, E. Torrens) [7,16], ability to creativity (V. Druzhinin, L. Lebedev), characteristics, personality traits (I. Kishmitov, O. Yakovlev), creative imagination (L. Vygotsky, O. Dyachenko), the component of giftedness (D. Bogoyavlenskaya, E. Landau, N. Leites, J. Renzulli) [1].Despite the fact that there is a lot of data on the study of creativity, which provide results of both theoretical and practical value, nowadats there is no single theory of creativity [9].

Highlighting creativity as an independent human ability, many researchers consider it as a complex characteristic of personality, which includes personal, emotional and motivational components (V. Druzhinin, E. Yakovleva, D. Bogoyavlenskaya, Y. Ponomarev, A. Matyushkin) [11].

The study of creativity in the structure of the musician's personality was conducted in the context of the influence of figurative association on the level of creativity of the musician (N. Anchukova, 2002) [1], but a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of creativity at different levels of music (professional, amateur) wasn't conducted.

The purpose of the article. The purpose of this work is to clarify the characteristics of the impact of musical activity on the development of such a personal trait as creativity by comparing the differences in the characteristics of the creativity of musicians and people involved in music at the amateur level.

Presentation of the main research material with the obtained results. The study was conducted with the participation of two groups of subjects - students of the Dnipropetrovsk Conservatory. M. Glinka and students of Oles Gonchar Dnipro National University, engaged in musical activities unprofessionally. The age of the respondents was from 17 to 23 years. A total of 96 respondents (52 professional musicians, 44 amateur musicians) were involved in the study.

The following psychodiagnostic methods were used to solve the tasks set in the study:

1) the questionnaire «Creativity» (N. Vyshnyakova, 2006), was chosen to determine the level of creative tendencies of the individual and to build a psychological creative profile;

2) the Cattell's Personality Factors Test (16-FPQ-187-A);

3) the inventory of types of thinking and level of creativity (J. Brunner), designed to diagnose types of thinking, which allows to identify the basic type of thinking of a person associated with creative activities;

4) the personal creativity inventory (O. Tunic, 2002).

The following mathematical and statistical methods were used to objectify the results of the study: Mann-Whitney test (U-test), and regression analysis.

Table 1. Between-group differences in the character strength variables of the professional and amateur musicians of the scales of creativity tests