Socio-psychological components of success of personality life choice

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Socio-psychological components of success of personality life choice

Pobokina H.M., Zavatska N.Ye.

The article reveals the socio-psychological components of the success of life choices. A multilevel socio-psychological program of optimization of the process of life choice of a person in early adulthood is proposed, which consisted of motivational-diagnostic, correctional-developmental and analytical-monitoring stages using methods and techniques of existential, cognitive, behavioral correction, creative self-therapy and therapy. It is shown that the correctional and developmental work carried out within the program had a positive effect on the semantic sphere of the participants. There is a significant positive dynamics of indicators on the subscales of semantic life orientations, which indicates an increase in understanding of life, the emergence of goals in life, confidence in achieving goals; favorable emotional perception of the life process as a whole. Changes in the semantic sphere of personality in early adulthood had a positive effect on its value sphere, which was expressed, in particular, in increasing the value of achievements, and indicated the growing importance of social recognition, success in life, competence, purposefulness and optimization of life choice. early adulthood.

Key words: personality, life choice, socio-psychological correction, socio- psychological components of success of life choice.

Побокіна Г.М., Завацька Н.Є.

Соціально-психологічні складові успішності життєвого вибору особистості

В статті розкрито соціально-психологічні складові успішності життєвого вибору особистості. Запропоновано багаторівневу соціально - психологічну програму оптимізації процесу життєвого вибору особистості в період ранньої дорослості, яка складалася з мотиваційно-діагностичного, корекційно-розвивального та аналітико-моніторингового етапів із застосуванням методів і технік екзистенціальної, когнітивної, поведінкової корекції, терапії творчим самовираженням та ін. Показано, що проведена у межах програми корекційно-розвивальна робота позитивно вплинула на смислову сферу учасників. Встановлена значна позитивна динаміка показників за субшкалами смисложиттєвих орієнтацій, що свідчить про підвищення осмислення життя, появу цілей в житті, впевненості у досягнен ні поставлених цілей; сприятливе емоційне сприйняття життєвого процесу в цілому. Зміни смислової сфери особистості в період ранньої дорослості позитивно вплинули на її ціннісну сферу, що виразилося, зокрема, у підвищенні цінності досягнень, і вказувало на зростання значущості суспільного визнання, успіху у житті, своєї компетентності, цілеспрямованості та сприяло оптимізації процесу життєвого вибору особистості в період ранньої дорослості.

Ключові слова: особистість, життєвий вибір, соціально -психологічна корекція, соціально-психологічні складові успішності життєвого вибору.

social psychological life choices

Introduction

Formulation of the problem. Modern realities and socio-cultural factors, which have a global character, determine significant social transformations, fluidity of social roles, statuses, appropriate and acceptable forms of social behavior, as well as an increasing diversity of social values and value orientations shared by different social groups; transformations and changes in the attitude to the life choice of the individual (Assor, Vansteenkist, Kaplan, 2009). By flexibly changing the way of determining the processes of personal development, by changing the interpretive complex, life choices determine the further direction of self-organization of the individual as a complex open system (Kovalchuk, 2016). This process becomes most responsible in early adulthood, because the formation of personality passes at this time to a new level of life, accompanied by life choices, which directly correlates with the decision - making process, becoming an integral component.

Thus, the study of procedural and effective characteristics of life choices of the individual in early adulthood is an urgent task that arises in this article.

Analysis of recent research. In modern psychology, we can identify only some targeted relevant work of scientists on the problem of life choices, namely the disclosure of the psychology of conscious choice, the effectiveness of pedagogical decisions in situations of choice, the impact of early adolescence formation of personality through the prism of decisions of life choice, elucidation of socio- psychological features of self-limitation of personality in early adulthood, in particular in a professional crisis and others (Zhurba, Piletska, 2017).

It is stated that the phenomenon of life choice currently has a complex interpretive basis. In the process of ontogenesis, mastering, in particular, social experience, the individual transforms it into their own values, attitudes, meanings, orientations, and so on (Kusurkar, Croiset, Kruitwagen, 2011). One of the definitions of life choice is the mechanism of cardinal transformation of life meanings, as a source of personal transformations, the process of unfolding the life landmarks of the individual and structuring according to them their own life prospects. It is emphasized that it is at the age of early adulthood that a person already has a certain psychosocial structure, worldview, moral norms, etc.; in the future, these factors are one of the main in the decision-making process in life choices.

Thus, despite the diversity of research on life choices and life decisions, particularly in early adulthood, many issues of this complex topic are not fully structured into a single system, and the problem itself requires more careful empirical and theoretical elaboration, which will provide the opportunity to interpret more deeply the process of life choice of the individual, emphasizing the age of early adulthood, as its activities, focused on creating conditions that ensure the achievement of life goals, the formation of life meanings and life prospects.

The purpose of the study - to reveal the socio-psychological components of the success of a person's life choice.

Statement of basic provisions

To achieve the goal and solve problems in the study used methods of observation, conversation, questionnaires, psychodiagnostic techniques to determine the life position of the individual and his life tasks, the study of current life, values and system of life meanings; features of semantic life orientations, dominant personal orientation and level of social frustration, socio- psychological adaptability and specifics of gender roles and assessment of relationships with the social environment; methods of diagnosis of internal / external motivational orientation, basic needs, curiosity, responsibility of the individual, the parameters of his self-esteem (conscious and implicit), motivational induction and life orientations.

Theoretical and methodological analysis of approaches to the study of life choices has shown that life choices are an attributive socio-psychological phenomenon of personality, which is based on the subjective process of motivated ranking and giving preference to objectively existing possibilities based on personality-specific mentality. her way of life. It is stated that life choice performs a number of important functions: life-creating, personality-forming, adaptive, gnostic, axial, regulatory, acmeological, through which it promotes self-realization and personal development, allows to significantly expand the vectors of life choice, and choose the most effective option. in terms of the results of its implementation. It is determined that life choices are made as a result of subjective perception, assessment and interpretation of the situation as elective through its categorization and identification, which, in turn, initiates the need for appropriate action in the form of knowledge, evaluation, choice (or rejection) and subsequent decision-making, which is most relevant in early adulthood, when fateful life tasks are solved (Richardson, Abraham, Bond, 2012).

It was found that the peculiarities of the implementation of life choices by respondents include the age characteristics of early adulthood, which are determined, in particular, life position and life tasks. Thus, it was found that 53.4% of respondents chose (according to E. Bern) a constructive life position, 15.5% - defensive, 31.3% - depressed; barren life position in the sample was not detected. The analysis of indicators on the main life tasks (according to T. Tytarenko and T. Larina), the solution of which testifies to the vital and professional self-realization of the subjects, showed that the achievement of material security and comfort, as the main life task, choose 30.7% of respondents; achievement of power and success - 64.7%; professional and personal self-development - 24.4%; starting a family - 17.6%; realization of life creation - 35.3%; the overall strategy indicator according to the method was 30.3%.

It is stated that the peculiarities of the implementation of life choices are determined by the degree of formation of the system of life meanings and the advantage of choosing the actual version of life. It was found that the system of life meanings acts as a psychological condition of life choice in a particular variant of life ("life as a preface" (26.9%), "life by the rules" (15.6%), "life as creativity" (13, 4%), "life as a dream" (2.9%), "life against life" (8.4%), "life as an achievement" (16.4%), "existential constructor" (life as a subject of creativity) (13.9%), "life as a waste of time" (2.5%)) and mediates the dialectical relationship between the individual and one of the variants of life, including which, the individual adapts to it through a kind of systematization of the structure of life meanings and making life choices.

It is shown that the implementation of life choices takes place in accordance with the stages: awareness of the importance of goals, choice of life alternatives, acceptance of preliminary choice, clarification and acceptance of the final choice, as well as its implementation. It is established that the readiness of the individual to make life choices in early adulthood is determined by psychological mechanisms (value- motivational, emotional-sensory, intellectual, volitional), which are actualized depending on the direction of life choices (professional self-determination, determination of life position, choice of life partner etc).

It is established that in general the system of life meanings has meaningful connections with the terminal values of the respondents within the value-semantic relations. Revealed as obvious relationships (happiness of others - altruistic meanings (r = 0.48; p<0.05), public recognition - status meanings (r = 0.59; p<0.01), freedom - existential meanings (r = 0.62; p<0.01), etc.), and relationships that require additional interpretation (life wisdom - hedonistic meanings (r = -0.67; p<0.001), life wisdom - family meanings (r = 0.58; p<0.01)).

It was found that the choice of a significant other is one of life's choices, which is significantly influenced by personal and social maturity. The effective indicators of the choice of significant other in men and women, reflecting the content and spatio - temporal perspective of the choice and expressed in the self-esteem of respondents.

The polar group method was used to analyze the obtained results. In the processing of empirical data used methods of nonparametric statistics (Friedman's criteria, Wilcoxon), the procedure of quartile, binomial criterion. The analysis of time intervals for selection was carried out taking into account the quartile values of individual indicators of time intervals noted by the respondents.

As a result, groups of respondents with their respective types of maturity stood out: “high social adaptability due to internal control” (21.4%); "Awareness of their social roles" (16.4%); "Self-expression" (15.6%); "Significance of creativity" (13.9%), which were attributed to the pole of "personal maturity", as well as groups: "emphasis on the values of individualization" (14.6%); "Non-constructive reflexivity" (12.6%); "Personal infantilism" (5.5%), which were attributed to the pole of "personal immaturity".

Using the method of polar groups, profiles of selected significant other "mature" and "immature" men and women were created. It is empirically established that the content of material values, education, religion, features of a way of life and professional activity, value-motivational spheres of significant other is similar at a choice of significant other for these groups of respondents. For "immature" subjects, in contrast to mature, it is important and the level of income of the selected significant other person.

The analysis of respondents' self-assessments of the time perspective of choosing a significant other revealed that the general pattern for all respondents is the choice of a significant person for a long period of time - more than 7 years.

At the third stage of the study, a study of socio-psychological resources and barriers to making life choices in early adulthood was conducted. For this purpose, the method of diagnosis of socio-psychological adaptation was used (K. Rogers, R. Diamond, in the adaptation of O. Osnitsky). A significant feature of this technique was the ability to act as an indicator of the inclusion of respondents in interaction with society on the indicators of socio-psychological adaptation, as well as to determine the indicators of constructive and destructive interaction with him. To assess the relationship with the immediate social environment of the respondents used the method of N. Kuzmina, which revealed the importance of their immediate social environment and determine the desired relationship with him, influencing life choices.

The results of this stage of the study showed that the personal qualities of respondents in early adulthood, which characterize their personal and social maturity, can be not only a resource but also a barrier to active involvement in society when this interaction is seen as exceeding in terms of complexity, they have opportunities. One of the significant indicators of assessing situations of interaction with society, as excessively difficult, is the decline in self-acceptance and caution in the social environment, as well as a strong desire to shift solutions to their problems and life choices to others, especially if the social environment is seen as positive. attitude and willingness to support.

The obtained data lead to the understanding that the spontaneously formed readiness of respondents to interact with society is insufficient for active inclusion in the social context of life and self-realization and implementation of constructive life choices, which leads to purposeful socio-psychological work to support such readiness.

It was found that in the group of respondents who chose the actual option "life as a preface" transitional situational locus of control had a positive correlation with the parameters of the short term: with current events (r = 0.66; p<0.05) and expected during the year (r = 0.68; p<0.05). In the group of respondents who chose the relevant option "life as an achievement", the links of transituational variability with motivational objects, which are expected in the second half of adult life (r = 0.67; p<0.05). The scale of transituational development of the inner world is negatively correlated with this period of life (r = -0.73; р<0.05) and with objects of professional activity (r = -0.70; р<0.05). Respondents who have chosen the current option of "living by the rules" have an internal trans situational locus of control, they feel responsible for the events of their lives and seek to manage them. This scale is correlated with the parameters of the short term, namely with the beginning of adult life (r = 0.91; p<0.01) and the entire period of early adulthood (r = 0.84; p<0.01). The scale of trans situational development of the world has strong connections with the parameters of the depth of time perspective. For respondents who chose the option of "life as a dream", the development of the outside world has a negative relationship (r = -0.77; p<0.05) with the present. The same scale has a high correlation with motivational objects located in their time perspective for one or two years (r = 0.82; p<0.01). Researchers are currently striving for self-realization in the outside world. All subsequent life (maturity and old age) interests them less (r = -0.72; p<0.05). The connections of this scale with the content of the image of the future are also noted, the highest of which are with motivational objects that belong to some aspects of the subject's personality (r = 0.83; р<0.01). Self-realization in the outside world is seen by them due to their own personal characteristics. In the group of respondents who chose the relevant option "life as creativity", the least connections between the parameters and content of the time perspective and the scales of life orientations were found. Reliable connections of motivational objects located in the second half of adult life with transituational stability (r = -0.76; р<0.05), which characterizes the subject who seeks to realize the possibilities of today, are revealed. Each type of life orientations differed in the uniqueness of connections with the time perspective and influenced the life choice of the individual in early adulthood.

Conclusions

The article reveals the socio-psychological components of the success of life choices. A multilevel socio-psychological program of optimization of the process of life choice of a person in early adulthood is proposed, which consisted of motivational-diagnostic, correctional-developmental and analytical-monitoring stages using methods and techniques of existential, cognitive, behavioral correction, creative self-therapy and therapy. It is shown that the correctional and developmental work carried out within the program had a positive effect on the semantic sphere of the participants. There is a significant positive dynamics of indicators on the subscales of semantic life orientations, which indicates an increase in understanding of life, the emergence of goals in life, confidence in achieving goals; favorable emotional perception of the life process as a whole. Changes in the semantic sphere of personality in early adulthood had a positive effect on its value sphere, which was expressed, in particular, in increasing the value of achievements, and indicated the growing importance of social recognition, success in life, competence, purposefulness and optimization of life choice. early adulthood.

Prospects for further research are to study the psychological factors and mechanisms of the process of life choice of the individual at different stages of its ontogenetic development. An important area of further research is the study of the dynamics and ways of socio-psychological assistance to support the readiness to make life choices and increase the effectiveness of this process in people in resocialization / readaptation, people with disabilities and others.

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