Features of the professional activity of an educational psychologist with children with autism spectrum disorder

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FEATURES OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF AN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST WITH CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Kusainova Dinara Master student

Annotation

autism spectrum disorder children

Autism is a serious developmental disorder that affects children's social, communication and behavioral skills. In working with children suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD), specialists, including educational psychologists, play a key role. In this article, we will examine the importance of an individualized approach and collaboration with the family of children with ASD, as well as techniques and strategies used to develop communication, social, and self-regulation skills in these children.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder (asd), educational psychologist, individualized approach, communication skills, social skills, self-regulation skills, collaboration with family, structuring the educational process, individual approach, nonverbal communication.

Анотація

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ПСИХОЛОГА С ДЕТЯМИ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА

Кусаинова Динара

Аутизм - это серьезное расстройство развития, которое влияет на социальные, коммуникативные и поведенческие навыки детей. В работе с детьми, страдающими расстройством аутистического спектра (РАС), ключевую роль играют специалисты, включая педагогов-психологов. В данной статье мы рассмотрим важность индивидуализированного подхода и сотрудничества с семьей детей с РАС, а также методики и стратегии, используемые для развития коммуникативных, социальных и навыков саморегуляции у этих детей.

Ключевые слова: расстройство аутистического спектра (РАС), педагог-психолог, индивидуализированный подход, коммуникативные навыки, социальные навыки, навыки саморегуляции, сотрудничество с семьей, структурирование образовательного процесса, индивидуальный подход, невербальное общение.

The main text

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious neurological disorder that affects children's communication, social and behavioral skills. Children with ASD often face unique learning and socialization challenges. In such situations, educational psychologists play an important role in creating a supportive environment and ensuring the comprehensive development of children.

In this article we will look at the work of an educational psychologist with children suffering from ASD. We will describe techniques and strategies used to support communication skills, social adaptation, and self-regulation in these children. We will also discuss the importance of an individualized approach and family collaboration in achieving educational success and development for children with ASD [1].

Let us consider in more detail some of the main aspects and methods of work of educational psychologists with such children:

Individualized approach: Educational psychologists must tailor their approach to each child, taking into account his level of functioning, interests and needs. This may require assessment and analysis of the characteristics of each child with ASD [2].

And an individualized approach is one of the key principles of the work of an educational psychologist with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Because each child with ASD has unique characteristics and needs, the approach to each must be carefully tailored. Here are some main aspects of the individualized approach of an educational psychologist:

Assessing Individual Needs: The first step is to assess the individual needs of each child with ASD. An educational psychologist diagnoses and evaluates the child's skills, level of functioning, and challenges and strengths in the areas of communication, social skills, cognition, and behavior.

Development of Individualized

Education Plans (IEP): Based on the assessment, IEPs are created that define specific learning goals and methods for a given child. These plans take into account individual needs and abilities, and the educational psychologist assists in their development and implementation.

Adaptation of methods and materials: An individualized approach requires adaptation of methods and educational materials to the specific needs of the child. For example, the use of visual aids, pictograms, alternative communication methods and other tools may be necessary to improve access to learning.

The work of an educational psychologist with the communication of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the key aspects of the support and development of these children. Children with ASD often have difficulties in the area of communication, and educational psychologists can play an important role in improving their skills in this area [3]. Here are some techniques and strategies that can be used:

Individual approach: The educational psychologist must take into account the individual needs and abilities of each child with ASD. This involves assessing your current level of communication skills and setting goals for improvement.

Alternative Communication Methods: If a child with ASD has limitations in oral language, an educational psychologist can help with the use of alternative communication methods such as pictograms, sign language, dynamic augmentative alternative communication (AAC), or special communicators.

Developing Nonverbal Communication: Working with expressive and understanding nonverbal communication can be an important part of the learning process. An educational psychologist can help children with ASD develop skills in using facial expressions, gestures, and eye contact.

Creating structured communication environments: Children with ASD often feel more comfortable in structured and predictable environments. An educational psychologist helps create such environments, including establishing clear rules and routines that promote effective communication.

The development of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an important challenge for educational psychologists. These children often have difficulties in the areas of social interaction and understanding of social norms, so work in this direction is fundamental [4]. Here are some techniques and strategies that can be used by an educational psychologist to develop the social skills of children with ASD:

Creating Structured Environments: For children with ASD, a structured and predictable environment is key to successful social interaction. An educational psychologist helps create such an environment, including establishing clear rules and routines.

Teaching Empathy: An educational psychologist can use a variety of techniques to help children with ASD develop the ability to understand other people's feelings and emotions. This may include games, role plays and discussions.

Teaching the rules of politeness: An educational psychologist can teach children with ASD the basic rules of politeness and social adaptation. This includes aspects such as greeting, gratitude, respecting personal space, etc.

Group activities and role-play: Organizing group activities and role-play helps children with ASD develop social skills such as teamwork, communication and conflict resolution.

Using the child's interests: An educational psychologist can integrate the child's interests into the learning process and teach him to use them in social situations, which can increase motivation and learning efficiency.

Constant monitoring and adaptation: The educational psychologist monitors the child's progress and adapts methods and strategies depending on his needs and achievements.

Teaching self-regulation to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an important part of their education and development. Selfregulation includes the ability to control emotions, adapt to changes in the environment, and manage one's behavior. An educational psychologist can do the following to help children with ASD develop self-regulation skills:

Creating structured environments: Structured and predictable environments help children with ASD feel safer and more confident. An educational psychologist can work with other teachers and specialists to create an environment that takes into account these children's needs for stability and predictability.

Emotion management training: An educational psychologist can help children with ASD recognize their emotions and teach them strategies for managing emotions. This may include relaxation techniques, breathing exercises and the use of visualization.

Using Visual Supports: Visual aids such as pictograms, graphs, and diagrams can help children with ASD better understand and manage their emotions and behavior.

Gradual introduction of self-regulation strategies: It is important to introduce selfregulation strategies gradually and in specific situations. An educational psychologist can work with a child to develop specific self-regulation skills and then apply them in everyday situations.

Planning and Goal Setting Training: Children with ASD may benefit from training in planning and goal setting. An educational psychologist can help them develop a system of goal setting and monitoring their behavior.

Practice in Real Situations: Practice and application of self-regulation skills in real situations is key to learning them. An educational psychologist can create situations where children can practice new skills.

Structuring the educational process for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) plays an important role in their education and development. Children with ASD often benefit from clearly organized and predictable environments, so structuring the learning process becomes a key task for educational psychologists. Here are some strategies and techniques that can be used:

Creating a Clear Routine: Establish a clear daily routine with specific times for lessons, breaks, and other activities. Children with ASD feel more comfortable when they know what is happening and when it is happening.

Visual supports: Use visual aids such as pictograms, graphs, and schedules to help children with ASD understand and follow routines. Visual instructions and cues can improve their time orientation.

Individualized Education Plans (IEP): Develop an IEP for each child with ASD based on their individual needs and abilities. IEPs define specific goals, methods and approaches, as well as resources necessary to achieve success.

Structured tasks and instructions: Provide children with ASD with clear, simple, and consistent instructions for completing tasks. Use modeling and demonstration to understand them.

Work Locations and Times: Designate specific locations for learning assignments and activities. Use the same spaces and materials for similar tasks to reinforce predictability and structure.

Use rewards and motivation: Work with rewards and motivation to encourage children with ASD to complete tasks and follow routines. Positive reinforcement and rewards can be powerful motivators.

Continuous Adaptation: Monitor children's progress and needs and are willing to adapt the learning structure if necessary.

Structuring the learning experience for children with ASD can create a more supportive and effective learning environment. It is important to remember that each child is unique, and the approach must be individualized, taking into account his characteristics and needs.

The collaboration of an educational psychologist with the family of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) plays an important role in the education and development of these children. Engaging with families helps create a consistent and supportive approach both at school and at home [5]. Here are some aspects of cooperation between an educational psychologist and a family of children with ASD:

Information and training of parents: The educational psychologist should provide parents with information about ASD, its characteristics and what expectations may be for their child. This will help parents better understand their child's needs and capabilities.

Creating an individual educational plan: An educational psychologist can work with parents to create and update an individual educational plan (IEP) for a child. This plan defines the goals, methods, and resources for the child's education and should be agreed upon by the family.

Teaching parents techniques and strategies: An educational psychologist can teach parents techniques and strategies to help them interact with their child on a daily basis and support his or her development. This may include training in communication, behavior management techniques, etc.

Joint development of goals: The educational psychologist and the family can determine general educational and developmental goals for the child and develop a plan to achieve them.

Support for Implementation at Home: An educational psychologist can help parents implement techniques and strategies used in school at home. This will create a consistent and predictable experience for the child.

Regular communication: Regular communication between the educational psychologist and the family is important. Regular meetings, email and other means of communication allow the child's progress, changes and needs to be discussed.

Psychological support: An educational psychologist can provide psychological support to parents as they may face the emotional and psychological challenges of raising a child with ASD.

Working collaboratively with other professionals: An educational psychologist may collaborate with other professionals such as speech therapists, therapists and doctors to provide a comprehensive approach to supporting and educating the child.

Collaboration with the family of children with ASD contributes to the successful education and development of these children. It also strengthens the bond between family and educational institution, creating a positive environment for the child's long-term success.

Thus, the work of an educational psychologist with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted and important process. The educational psychologist plays a key role in the support and development of these children, providing assistance both within and outside the school environment.

An individualized approach to working with children with ASD is the foundation for success. Taking into account the unique needs of each child, an educational psychologist develops strategies and techniques that promote the development of communication, social and selfregulation skills.

The educational psychologist also actively collaborates with the child's family, providing a coordinated and supportive approach both in the home and in the classroom. This includes parent education, individualized educational plans, and psychological support.

Structuring the educational process for children with ASD helps create a stable and predictable environment, which helps them better adapt and develop. The educational psychologist works in close coordination with other specialists to provide a comprehensive and effective approach.

All of these efforts are aimed at ensuring that children with ASD can develop their abilities, achieve educational and social success, and participate fully in society. The work of an educational psychologist with children with ASD requires patience, creativity and specialized knowledge, but it brings enormous benefits in the field of support and development of these children.

Список использованных источников и литературы

1. Attwood T. The Complete Guide to Asperger's Syndrome - London: Jessica Kingsley Publications, 2006. 400 p.

2. Harris, Sandra L. and Jans S. Handleman. Preschool Programs for Children with Autism. Austin, Pro- Ed, 1994.

3. Gray CA, Garand JD Social stories: Improving responses of students with autism with accurate social information // Focus on Autistic Behavior. 1993. Vol. 8. No. 1. P. 1-10. DOI: 10.1177/108835769300800101

4. Volkmar, Fred R. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2013 Edition. Editors: Fred R. Volkmar. Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) [Electronic resource]: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_594

5. Rogers S. J., Hall T., Osaki D. et al. The Denver model: A comprehensive, integrated educational approach to young children with autism and their families _ In J. S. Handleman, S.

6. Harris ( Eds.), Preschool education programs for children with autism (2nd ed.) Austin, TX: Pro- Ed Corporation, 2000, pp. 95-135.

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