Marginality and problems mentality: essence and ways of overcoming

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Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University

Marginality and problems mentality: essence and ways of overcoming

L.M. Gerasina, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, professor,

A.N. Drongal, student

mentality personality individual

Marginalization has been defined as a complex process of relegating specific groups of people to the lower or outer edge of society. Today in Ukraine the problem of marginalization is one of the major. Individual marginality characterized by incomplete entry of the individual in a group (societies) that does not accept it fully, and his exclusion from the group of origin. Mentality of individual and groups is deeply associate concepts and descriptions. It is an aggregate of options, willingness of individual to operate, think and feel outward things the special appearance.

The individual is «cultural hybrid» (H. Park) that separates life and traditions of two different groups. This concept appeared in American sociology in the 20th of XX century to describe the situation of immigrants do not fit the new social conditions. Marginality group resulting from changes in the social structure, formed of new functional groups in the economy and politics, displacing the older group matched destabilize their social position. A considerable role is here played by the mental features of separate members of group. Mentality of man contains the oppositions individual and general, natural and cultural, rational and emotional.

Modern Ukrainian society in the conditions of growth of economic, political, welfare problems, is noted by unpredictability, the unemployment growth, decline in quality of life of the unprotected segments of the population, to criminality; as a result we have growth of suicides, alcoholism, drug addiction and other manifestations of deviant behaviour of the person. Among the marginal groups of modern Ukrainian society is as follows: impoverished segments of the population, unemployed persons (including are spongers), «contr-elite» and criminal group of the societies, the single old and youth men, emigrants from foreignness, transmigrating from Donbas, etc.

At the same time the number of people who lose ethnic or national roots, including themselves grows cosmopolitans, liberals in the broadest sense of these concepts, «citizens of the world», many values and principles, that helps to resist spiritual erosion.

The main mental differences in modern Ukrainian society from western is that in our country became «derelicts» the majority, but not minority of the population. Isolation and low social activity, being poverty consequences, act also as its main sources. Alienation of people from the economic sphere, social isolation, is resulted in lack of mechanisms of influence of the public on decision-making process. The actual powerlessness and lawlessness, lack of effective mechanisms of realization of own social, economic and political interests, mental helplessness - became the real background of mass marginalization of the population in modern ukrainian society.

It is possible (on Maslow) distinguishes four periods in the course of marginalization of the Ukrainian society.

The first period (1917 - the middle of the 80th years) is defined as totalitarian. Him is characterized by huge shifts in the economic sphere, caused large-scale changes of the social status of individuals, migration, an urbanization. However, the personality with «double moral» and by indefinite mentality of «soviet type» it was formed.

The second period (the middle of the 80th - the beginning of the 90th of the ХХ century) - alteration in all spheres of activity of society, especially essential they in a social and psychological areas. Destruction of old valued system and standards wasn't followed by formation of new ideals. The person it was mentally «disappointed», it meant the loss of reference points and criteria of world view. The process of «erosion of mentality» of people activated thus. Historical inertia of mentality of man shows deep reasons of lag (resistances) of consciousness from reforms and innovations.

The third period (from the end of 90^th of the ХХ century) - he can properties high rates of polarization of the population on a background of the general impoverishment and super-enrichment of an insignificant layer; were characteristic at the actual absence of middle class and necessary conditions for its formation. It is a period of initial «primary stock accumulation».

The fourth period (the end of the 90th years to our the day) - is characterized by some stabilization of social and economic conditions, by mental adaptation of majority of the population to conditions of market economy and competition «game», relative crystallization (on groups, statuses and «roles») of social structure of society.

Summing up the result of the latest events it is possible to draw a conclusion: that today possibly began to designate new period - the fifth period begins. World economic Crisis which has global character in Ukraine reached the apogee; and positive tendencies of the social and economic development, social and psychological characteristics of an overwhelming part of the population for the previous period purchased an unfavourable effect, which affected mentality of Ukrainians.

The greatest losses are sustained on middle class - element of social structure, which is a guarantor of stabilization of society. Sharp loss of the acquired status positions, first of all, in the economic, professional sphere, will undoubtedly lead to his marginalization. It causes deviant behavior, mental rejections at some people, and in a consequence worsens the general conditions of social development of society on the whole.

For the solution of a marginality in modern conditions, it is necessary to define the main directions of their overcoming:

At the level of the state: a) development of the strategic directions and bases, including creation of legal and economic conditions for normal development of business, individual work, private practice; b) problems of the state system of social support of groups and individuals, which marginal in natural, social and demographic aspects (unemployed persons, disabled people, persons of retirement age, children-orphans, invalids, etc.).

At the local level - the concrete conclusions and recommendations defining ways, the resources and methods of work with social and professional groups for various administrative levels, organizations and control links.

In Ukraine often the population are insufficiently protected. Therefore there is a need for increase in scientific development and validity of the state, municipal, industry programs on social protection of the population.

Having analysed recommendations of experts in the field of sociology, we exposed the most effective measures of a solution of the problem of marginalization. First of all, it is necessary to solve the main reason of falling of the population in «a social bottoms» - an unemployment problem. Therefore, is important such measures: vocational training and retraining of the persons who appeared the unemployed or those to whom unemployment threatens at the expense of the state; creation of new jobs, as a rule, in public sector of economy; ensuring geographical mobility of the population and labour with representation of subsidies and credits for vacancies; information support of the population about vacant positions in regions of the country, on professions, skill level, granting to everyone who looks for work of an opportunity to contact the enterprises where there are jobs; stimulation of development of business by granting subsidies and credits on profitable terms.

Studying of processes of marginalization, mentality and positions of marginal groups, first, in new conditions will allow to predict development of social structure of society; secondly, to find adequate measures for prevention of full disintegration of social structure which conceals in itself not only growth of public instability, but also other serious consequences.

But these problems unfortunately did not get enough attention yet in sew on sciences and more worsened every day. It is therefore necessary to study and constantly search the urgent decisions of this problem for maintainances mentality of ukrainians.

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