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Аннотация

Взаимосвязь выраженности этнической идентичности и аккультурационных установок мигрантов с уровнем их социоэкономической адаптации. Д.С. Григорьев, экспертный институт НИУ ВШЭ, Москва, Россия

Статья посвящена построению и тестированию теоретической модели социоэкономической адаптации (СЭА) мигрантов, включающей психологические факторы в качестве основных. Для построения теоретической модели в ходе анализа проведенных ранее исследований в качестве ключевых психологических факторов СЭА были выделены аккультурационные установки мигрантов; как контрольные в модели используются такие переменные, как продолжительность пребывания в стране и языковые навыки, а характеристики этнической идентичности рассматриваются в качестве предикторов аккультурационных установок. Для проверки полученной модели был проведен опрос русскоязычных мигрантов в Бельгии. Далее модель была протестирована на полученных данных с помощью путевого анализа. По результатам исследования было установлено, что: 1) аккультурационные установки мигрантов связаны с их уровнем СЭА, сами по себе, независимо от продолжительности пребывания в стране и их языковых навыков; 2) высокий уровень СЭА мигрантов положительно связан с ориентацией на принимающее общество (интеграция и ассимиляция) и отрицательно -- с ориентацией на свою этническую группу (сепарация); 3) выраженная этническая идентичность может способствовать ориентации мигранта на свою этническую группу и препятствовать ассимиляции.

Ключевые слова: социоэкономическая адаптация, аккультурация мигрантов, мигранты, этническая идентичность, аттитюды.

Annotation

Relationship between Ethnic Identification and Acculturation Attitudes of Immigrants with Level of Their Socio Economic Adaptation. D.S. Grigoryev. National Research University "Higher School of Economics", Moscow, Russia, dgrigoryev@hse.ru

This article describes the construction and testing of theoretical model of socioeconomic adaptation (SEA) of immigrants considering psychological factors as the basic ones. In the analysis of previous studies acculturation attitudes of immigrants were identified as key psychological factors of SEA for the construction of the theoretical model; length of stay in the country and language skills were used as control variables; the characteristics of ethnic identity were used as predictors of acculturation attitudes. We carried out the survey of Russianspeaking immigrants in Belgium for verification of our model. Next we used path analysis for testing of the model on the data obtained. According to the study, we found that (1) acculturation attitudes of immigrants associated to their level of SEA themselves regardless of length of stay in the country and their language skills; (2) high level of SEA of immigrants is positively associated with orientation to the host society (integration and assimilation), and negative associated with orientation to their ethnic group (separation); (3) strong ethnic identification may facilitate the orientation of immigrants to their ethnic group and prevent assimilation.

Keywords: socioeconomic adaptation, acculturation of migrants, migrants, ethnic identity, attitudes.

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