Main factors of human population dynamics of Ukraine

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES

DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY

Essay

on the subject: " Theoretical Bases of Modelling in Ecology"

Topic: “Main factors of human population dynamics of Ukraine”

Performed by:

student of the group FESiT-211

Burlo E.V.

Checked by:

Ass. Prof. Groza V.A.

Kyiv 2019

Introduction

The population of Ukraine can be viewed from different points of view: demographic, social, state or economic. This will make it possible to assess the qualitative composition of the country's population and the processes that influence it, as well as to predict the further situation.

Part 1. The population of Ukraine

1.1 Abundance and density

The exact number of the country's population is obtained after the state census. The last time the census in our country was conducted in 2001, according to the results of which the number of the population living in Ukraine in the amount of over 48 million was recorded.

According to the State Statistics Service, as of July 1, 2018, 42.2 million permanent residents live in the country, and 42.3 million with temporary residents. In the period from January 1, 2018, the figure decreased by 122.5 thousand people. These indicators indicate a crisis in the demographic situation, a clear negative dynamics, which is the constant companion of the crisis in the economy and social sphere.

The number in comparison with other countries of the world is difficult to estimate in absolute terms. If we conduct a comparative analysis among all countries of the world, then Ukraine takes the 186th place in terms of the birth rate indicator. This is a very low indicator, but so far in the country, 21 children are born per 1000 inhabitants.

Disappointing statistics on the mortality rate: 14.5 people per 1000 inhabitants.

This result became an anti-record of Ukraine, as it provided the 3rd place in the mortality rate among European countries and the 4th place in the global rating.

How densely settled Ukrainians is evidenced by the level of population density. In the whole country, this figure is 73.4 people per 1 square kilometer. In the regional context, the density is uneven.

1.2 Changes in numbers from 1990 to 2018

If you make a small comparison, in 1990 the number of people living in Ukraine exceeded 51.5 million, and in 2018 there were 42.2 million Ukrainians. Over 27 years, we have become 9 million less, and this is perhaps the saddest result in the newest history of the country.

1.3 Population statistics for 2018-2019

How many people in Ukraine this year can be found in official statistics. As for the forecasts for 2019, they confirm the trend towards a decrease in the number of Ukrainians, while the pace may slow down somewhat. Experts note that population growth is directly related to economic development and the level of social protection of citizens. The availability of jobs, a high level of medical care, the availability of education also affect fertility, and hence the number.

Total population (permanent residents) - 42.1 million

* Population - 42.3 million

* Density - 73.4 people per 1 square kilometer

* Birth rate - 10.5 per 1000 inhabitants

* Mortality - 14.4 per 1000 inhabitants

* Urban residents - 68.9%

* Rural residents - 31.1%

* Men - 46%

* Women - 54%

* Life expectancy of men - 62.8 years

* Life expectancy of women - 74.8 years

Data on the population of Ukraine are given without data from the occupied Crimea and Southeast regions.

Part 2. The level of urbanization in Ukraine

population urbanization demographic ukraine

In the country, the urban population lives in large cities, which are also regional centers. In addition to metropolitan Kiev, the largest are:

* Kharkov

* Donetsk

* Dnepr

* Odessa

According to statistics, about 69.3% of the country's population lives in cities. This is evidenced by official statistics, but it's not a secret for anyone that in search of work the majority of the rural population goes to the nearest regional centers or straight to the capital, where the chances of finding highly paid (or even just a job) are much higher.

Given this circumstance, it should be understood that the actual population of Ukrainian cities is significantly higher than official data. Accordingly, in rural areas, where there is a significant shortage of jobs, where infrastructure is underdeveloped, the population is lower than officially recorded data.

Urban share

According to the data for 2019, 2,934,522 people live in Kiev. In the capital, the natural increase is significantly higher than the national indicator. This is another confirmation that the standard of living in Kiev is significantly different from living in the suburbs. This is not to say that such a contrast indicates a high level of metropolitan life. This is evidence of how far the life of the Ukrainian province lags behind large cities in terms of living standards.

This is a huge problem of our society and the most important task for the Government: to bridge the social gap between the rural and urban residents as much as possible.

3. Population of Ukraine by age

It was said above that the female population prevails in the country, the life expectancy of which is significantly higher than the male life expectancy: 62.8 versus 74.8 years. The reason for this difference:

* Low level of quality of life

* Inadequate medical care

* Heavy duty work

* addictions

* A high percentage of injuries, including domestic

* Other reasons

Apparently, the female part of the population of Ukraine takes a more responsible approach to their health, adheres to a healthy lifestyle or has greater stamina and vitality.

It is worth noting that in recent years there has been a tendency to reduce the growth of the fair sex. And this is a sign of the manifestation of the characteristics of labor migration in Ukraine - women more often than men resort to emigration in search of work.

As of 2018, about 19.2 million of the population of Ukraine are men. Due to the military conflict in the eastern part of the country, many men of draft age who are subject to mobilization are prohibited from leaving the territory of Ukraine.

Part 4. Ukraine population statistics: trends and forecasts

Ukraine is going through very difficult times when, against the backdrop of the annexation of Crimea and the hostilities in the Donetsk and Lugansk regions, the entire economic model was deformed. These processes drove the country back several years.

To increase life expectancy, the implementation of the Pension Reform, a fundamental reform of health care and the introduction of a state health insurance system are required. The development of social infrastructure and the creation of jobs will reduce the difference in living standards between urban and rural populations, which will contribute to even distribution.

The increase in fertility is another important indicator. The stimulus for this should be rather high benefits at birth, the presence of preschool institutions, the reduction of infant mortality, the improvement of medical services, and the provision of housing for young and large families.

It should be noted the civilian security of the population as an important factor in improving demography. A citizen of any country, if he feels safe, is ready to create families, raise children and build up for the good of his country.

Conclusion:

Population dynamics in Ukraine: declining. This was influenced by such factors:

1. Increased mortality

2. Labor migration and the economic crisis

3. Low fertility

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