Globalization and its influence on the youth development

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Globalization and its influence on the youth development

Kalandarova Gavhar Sulaymonovna - Assistant Teacher

Abstract

The main aim of this article is to analyze the processes and scales of globalization process in the development of the Youth. There have already been numerous studies on this subject, but there are still many points that need further research, clarification, and new interpretation. Most researchers into globalization are convinced that its origins are to be traced back to a point deep in history, although there are diverse views as regards the exact starting point. The article analyzes different approaches to this problem. The subject of this article relates to the influence of globalization on young people's development.

Keywords: globalization, world-system, global communication, cycles of political hegemony, agrarian revolution, industrial revolution, technologies.

Глобализация и ее влияние на молодежное развитие

Каландарова Гавхар Сулаймоновна - ассистент преподавателя

Основной целью данной статьи является анализ процессов и масштабов процесса глобализации в развитии молодежи. Уже было проведено множество исследований на эту тему, но есть еще много вопросов, которые требуют дальнейшего исследования, уточнения и новой интерпретации. Большинство исследователей глобализации убеждены, что ее происхождение следует проследить до глубокой истории, хотя существуют разные точки зрения относительно точной отправной точки. В статье анализируются разные подходы к этой проблеме. Предмет этой статьи касается влияния глобализации на развитие молодежи.

Ключевые слова: глобализация, микросистема, глобальные коммуникации, циклы политической гегемонии, аграрная революция, промышленная революция, технологии.

globalization youth development

Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon which encompasses economic, social, political, technological and cultural dimensions. Whether globalization is newly constituted phenomenon? Answer of this question depends upon how far researcher is ready to extend the chain of causation which resulted in those social and technological arrangements that many scholars have associated with globalization. The basis of today's technological advancements like supersonic jet planes and computer are based on earlier inventions like steam engine, cotton ginning, typewriter, telephone and electrical appliances.. These inventions are further based on some previous inventions like the invention of wheel, domestication of wild animals & plants and finally migration of African ancestors at the dawn of human invention.

Shmuel Eisenstadt examines some specific aspects of contemporary globalization as they bear on the crystallization of new distinct civilizational formations. He describes new and very intensive processes of contemporary globalization characterized by growing interconnectedness between economic, cultural and political processes. The full impact of these intertwined globalization processes can only be understood within the new historical context. The author notes that different religions are now acting in a common civilizational setting. In this context competition and struggles between religions often became vicious-- yet at the same time there are tendencies toward the development of interfaith meetings and encounters rooted in the original program of modernity.

For instance, many of the criticisms of the Enlightenment project made by Sayyid Qutb, possibly the most eminent fundamentalist Islamic theologian, are similar to the major religious and `secular' critics of Enlightenment from de Maistre, the romantics, and those who, in Charles Taylor's words emphasized the `expressivist dimension of human experience'. These premises implied the possibility of cooperation between different faiths. Movements to reform globalization philosophies and civilizational premises have taken place in a variety of local and regional contexts, including `centers' such as the European Union and various `peripheries'.

Roland Robertson investigates the return of religion to the study of world politics and globalization. He argues that religion has been neglected in international relations ever since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. This neglect has largely occurred because of the primacy given to changes and events in the West, particularly since the formal separation of church and state and its imposition on or emulation by Eastern societies. The study of international relations was insulated from the study of religion and vice versa. The apparent eruption of Islam onto the world scene as symbolized and expressed by the events of 9/11 was greeted with surprise in many academic disciplines. However, the degree to which the global conflict between the two major actors--namely al-Qaeda and the regime in the USA--has assumed heavily religious terms cannot responsibly be questioned. The recent heightened concern with religion in globalization, and the globalization of religion, provides the opportunity to undertake historical discussion from new perspectives which overcome the normal Western view that religion is not important in Realpolitik. Moreover, it is argued that much of the neglect of religion in work on world affairs has largely been the product of the inaccurate perception of ongoing secularization. The overall discussion is framed by some objections to the limiting consequences of disciplinarity.

Gradually, our understanding of the phenomenon of “globalization” is expanding and becoming clearer. As we begin to understand the true purpose and rhythm of the globalization phenomenon, which encompasses a wide range of complex social, economic and political processes, ranging from simple lifestyles and social relationships and communication, to our daily material needs and interests, to our internal and external political and economic relation, our perplexing questions also arise.

Globalization implies the formation of a single (universal) international economic, legal and cultural information space. In other words, the phenomenon of globalization goes beyond a purely economic framework and exerts a noticeable influence on all the main spheres of social activity - politics, ideology, culture. Below we will try to trace the impact that globalization and youth have on each other in the processes of bilateral influence.

Youth is the future of every country, nation or society. Young people, by virtue of their characteristics, perform special social functions, sometimes contradictory and ambiguous. Thus, young people:

1. Has its own goals and interests, which do not always coincide with state and public.

2. It is distinguished by various value orientations, spiritual morality and a lack of life experience, which increases the likelihood of error in making decisions; on the other hand, youth is an object and subject of socialization, adaptation and upbringing.

3. As a social layer - is a source of socio-economic and spiritual revival of the country, but can also lead to the opposite [3].

In other words, youth have a direct impact on the future of entire countries and peoples. And the one who is capable to render it, receives enormous power.

So, globalization affects the change in the values of youth in different ways and is not always positive. But there are still positive aspects of globalization. It promotes the active involvement of youth in the transformation process. The system plays an important role in the formation of a single political, economic and sociocultural space. Globalization is a deeply controversial phenomenon. Accepting the challenges of the technological revolution, youth not only plays an important role in economic life, but also changes the characteristics of the civilizational and sociocultural environment. Thanks to globalization among the youth, political liberalization of public consciousness, expansion of the circle of social tolerance and pluralism of political and public views are growing. Globalization, no matter how you evaluate it, is a fact of modern existence, "an irreversible process, the inevitable fate of world development."

In the context of globalization, new guidelines are being formed in the field of education, acquiring an international character. The globalization of higher education is expressed in increasing the role of supranational institutions. W. Beck believes that instead of subsidizing “German” firms, politicians should invest in knowledge and education, giving citizens the opportunity to master the abilities and guidelines that will help them understand the transnational landscapes and contradictions of world society. He concludes: “Therefore, one of the great political responses to globalization is: the creation and improvement of an educational society and knowledge; an increase, not a reduction, in the time required to receive an education; the weakening or elimination of its attachment to certain jobs and professions and the orientation of training processes on key qualifications that are widely used; this means not only “flexibility” or ``lifelong learning'', but also social competence, ability to work in a team, lack of fear of conflicts, understanding of culture, multifaceted thinking, readiness for insecurity and the paradoxes of the Second Modern ”. According to W. Beck, training should be combined with those activities through which people take their lives in their own hands. Transnationalization of university processes of education and educational programs is necessary (“global studies”), which should help students understand the difficulties of transcultural communications and conflicts and teach them how to overcome them. “For this, in the era of individualization, it's not enough to be content “Flexible assimilation of set norms” by young people, everything is much deeper. It is necessary to form your own “I” as an activity and orientation center. Every young man must learn to lead his life, fully relying on himself, counting on his own strength”.

The Bologna process is a process of gradual rapprochement and harmonization of the education system of European countries to create a single European space of higher education. The Bologna Declaration indicates: “The Sorbonne Declaration of May 25, 1998... emphasized the central role of universities in the development of European cultural values. It substantiated the creation of the European Higher Education Zone as a key way of developing citizens' mobility with the possibility of their employment for the overall development of the continent”.

Today it seems relevant to educate a new generation that is capable of cooperation on the basis of universal values for the successful solution of the global problems of mankind. At present, Western analysts are offering a globalization project for education in higher educational institutions, where the process of internationalization is taken as the basis. Thus, the analysis of the phenomenon of the mentality of youth allows us to conclude that its transformation is influenced by a number of interrelated factors of globalization. A change in the consciousness of modern youth is observed, which leads to a change in value priorities.

References / Список литературы