Civic society and communication contacts

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Journalism and Mass Communication University of Uzbekistan

Civic society and communication contacts

Sherzodkhon Tojiddinovich Kudrakhodjaev,

Associate professor of political sciences, Rector

Annotation

The article analyzes an emergence of communication in society, its place in civil society, the role of the well-known German scientist Niklas Luman in demonstrating communication as a constituent of society, and theoretical views and practices in managing ICTs as a humanitarian body of governance and self-governance.

Key words: Civil society, communication, information communication media, information society, communication components, social structures, social system, social institutions.

Main part

At present, the term «information society» is widely used as a synonym for civil society. It is well known that the idea of the famous American scholar Fritis McLaap in 1962 when he called the modern society as «educational society,» «knowledge society,» began a turning point in the development of the theory. By 1972, the Japanese scientist, Yoney Masu, conducted a research group called «The Information Society project - the national goal of 2000», had a strong impact on the transformation of information and communication tools into society's key values.

At this time, microprocessor-based computing techniques have begun to improve the shape and content of society. These technical tools have become one of the major driving and changing forces of society. In this process, new technologies have begun to emerge. Developed society became known as the «information society». The term «information society» has started to mean «post-industrial» and «civil society». During this period, intellectual capital, knowledge on communications, information processing, higher education, training and using them to specialize in the development of the outbreak.

In civil society, there created the enlargement of computer memory capacity, the growth of their ability to join files, the ability to combine speed, performance, ease of control processes in this area to create information networks, data banks and information as a result of gross production from the wide range of opportunities. Information technology and its infrastructure have begun to appear as signs and symbols of modern society. Globalization of this sphere has begun to create new forms of coordination between people and society. In particular, electronics, television, radio and transmission equipment, measuring devices, and the information published materials reproduction machines, computers, integrated circuits, published materials based on a variety of communication tools, computers and other equipment and machinery components of the society began [1]. As a result, mechatronics, innovations in the information system, new industrial materials, biotechnology, and the ability to generate new types of energy.

So far, the informatization of all aspects of the improvement of society and as a result of new conditions to determine the effect of German sociologist scholar

N. Luman wrote in his own book, «The Society as a Handheld System.» In this century, N. Luman developed the qualities and characteristics of society as being a social system covering various subsystems. He shaped modern thinking on the structure of society, analyzing the society as a product of communication interactions and relationships.

Lumen has thoroughly studied the new changes in modern society and has raised the following points: «According to the approach we have developed, the theory of society represents a universal social system, and it includes other social systems. It was originally described by Aristotle. This definition describes Aristotle's urban unity of life (koinonia politike) all other police units (pasas periechousa tas allas) contains the highest (dominant, as the unit itself kyriotate) represents the «Politics», which represents the first regulations. In the interpretation of the concept of society, we first of all encounter old European traditions. In fact, this is the description of all components (including attachment = periechon: We are using the concept of public distribution system and theoretical pieces) you can see a little different interpretation. Needless to say, in this current period, which is specific to the community on the theory is going. Thus, the old European traditions in connection with the saved, at the same time, the central reason adding to implement the new description as needed.

First, society is understood as a system, and the form of the system enables us to differentiate systems and to imagine the world that surrounds us. However, this vision of society, logical thing to clarify their general systems theory is not enough. In addition, the properties of social systems and their certification, then the theory of the social system inside the public system alone, therefore, the specifics of general society as a social system, it will be necessary to clarify the picture.

Thus, the analysis of the three levels of society needs a different nature:

- The general theory of systems, and, at the same time, autopoietic [2] The general theory of systems;

- Social systems theory;

- Society system The theory of social system separate event as [3].

Luman's notion is that the theory of the social system level when it comes to the autopoietic system, it must be understood as a social system. At this level, the specific complexities of autopoetic processes need to be identified, leading to the emergence of environmentally friendly and specific social systems. This is communication. In particular, the theory of social systems, by integrating all the ideas, forms the perceptions of all social systems, even interactive - systems that are far from existent and of less importance.

This level of society (such as the classic «societas civilis») is a social system within others that allows it to be compared to such species: systems of interaction between systems and systems.

At the third level, the features of the social system begin to play a significant role. It is necessary to analyze what Aristotle should express in terms of the system of the «entire inclusive» that has risen to the initial position in the «Politics» work. Obviously, there are some unbelievable things to come up with: It is necessary to understand the fact that a social system, which is equivalent to the others, is covered by all other social systems. Aristotle solved this problem with emotional excitement, and in the end it was solved through ethical interpretation of politics. This unbelievable situation made it an invisible conception for the next tradition. It is possible to solve this unhealthy problem by distinguishing between the levels of analysis of the society we are proposing [4].

… To classify the features of the theoretical decisions we need, we use systematic and theoretical tools to analyze the social system at all levels. The general theory of autopoietic systems requires that the complex process, which limits the system from the surrounding world and that, takes place during autopoezis of the system. If this is negative systems of if it is detained, then this is process communication through is done [5].

It is well known that society has many social systems with different functions. The community creates the basis of its activities, and it is a link that links the functions of the subsystem of society. Communication is a process that interconnects these three phenomena in society: information, communication, and understanding. This blend combines with each other, choosing the next communications that the system creates and rebuilds in accordance with every appearance of society. So Luman concludes that communication is capable of communication alone. In the theory of lumens, human communication loses its function of communication, that is, its subconscious. It is a complement to a specific set of systems that surround the universe.

Everything related to communication (its outer world: people, minds, objects) is only communicative, that is, within a society. In such a situation, the society as an autopoise system is a closed sequence of events that only relate to each other. Thus, Luman denies the differences between the subject and object based on the conventional society characteristics. The main role that defines his theory is the system differentiation. Although the system itself is distinctive, it is impossible to live without it. Systems and systems of bilateral relations in the world's consciousness with the communications system structural bonding take place through two mechanisms - language and scheme. The right systems control the environmental phenomena that come into communicating systems that are capable of self-organization and control in such interactions. At the same time, the word speaks of the fact that the communications system can up-to-date the content required by the intelligence system.

According to Lumen, the structure of the society is communication, and the person is not visible. Luman explains this as follows: While the content is formed as a result, it is the first component of the system and its introduction. If someone tries to drastically change the content, it will appear to be a system-specific exception. It should be borne in mind that it is not in the system, but in the circumstance. The ratio between «systems - communication - human» has been the object of debate between N. Luman and U. Habermas, a critic of the Hermeneutic philosopher. U. Habermas is a discourse in the logic of the story [6] as a founder of the theory of communicative reasoning. Communication philosophical and sociological associations concept were worked out by U. Habermas. N. Luman was not able to overcome him in this field. Researchers who studied his work say that, as a result of the debates between U. Habermas and N. Luman, Luman was able to incorporate his concept of communication into the sociological theories. The positive aspect of this process is that N. Luman was forced to study the concept of communication in depth. However, his concept does not seem to involve a person. According to U. Huber - mas, communication creates active subjects, saves and transforms the social system. The point of view of Luman is quite different - it is also communicated that people are not the virtual capabilities of the system, but because they are potential implementers [7].

Later on, Dj. Ritzer, together with his followers, «is now the most important theoretician of systems theory Niklas Luman» [8], and gives the following conclusions as to the critical point of view [9]: First, as U. Habermas has pointed out, there is insufficient number of indicators and explanations for N. Luman's critical societal phenomena, in particular the critique of the critical system of functional differentiation in the society; Second, the emphasis on N. Luman's differentiation phenomenon, in turn, limits the way in which some systems enter into each other; Third, the potential of the theory of N. Luman is not sufficient to describe the interrelationship between systems; fourthly, its pluralism is not consistent; it does not recognize the equality of all systems [10].

Thus, in the imagination of Lucan, society cannot communicate, and communication cannot exist outside society. «All the phenomena in society are communication.» [11]. Of course, Luman carried out his researches in a modern society - civil society (or information society) and compared it to a traditional society. It is quite true that the scientific and theoretical developments and concepts that he has suggested are based on the present-day community's communications, even though most of the researchers in the field do not support it.

Alba Taman, Luman's communications theory has been widely recognized by many scientists in the developed world. One of the important aspects of Lumen's theoretical views - this is a crucial element for the transition from traditional to civil society to emerging markets. In particular, the value of the country of Uzbekistan, which has undergone transition to civil society, is also remarkable.

Communication plays an important role in learning the advanced countries as a paradigm for the active participation of the population in legal and political culture, civilization, and socio-political processes in the modernization of the state and society in the countries of the totalitarian system. Moreover, communication (based on Luminescence theory) creates great opportunities for the development of civilization. In other words, the support and impact of communications increase the socio-political potential of the population. Therefore, decrees and resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan set tasks for the broad application of information communications in public and public services. In particular, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On the Strategy for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan» set out the following tasks:» further strengthening the role of parliament and political parties in the process of deepening democratic reforms and modernization of the country aimed at improving the state and public construction; development of organizational and legal bases of the service, improvement of the «electronic government» system, state services to improve the quality and effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanisms of social control, strengthening the role of civil society and the mass media» [12].

In the process of transition of Uzbekistan to the modern market economy and civil society, a number of problems arose in the development of information communications, which are gradually being eliminated starting from 2017. These include:

- The lack of funding for the development of modern information communications, the need for foreign investment, outdated material and technical resources and the lack of a required infrastructure;

- The need to increase the skills and abilities of all citizens to use information communications;

- The political and legal culture of the people lag behind the development of information and communication technologies;

- The lack of intellectual potential in this area, the lack of journalists who raise issues in political and social processes;

- The preservation of the bureaucracy in the lower authorities in implementing the policy of public information development;

- The lack of decentralization in the management system;

- The practice of independent thinking among independent and public journalists and independent analysis of events around them;

- Because many layers of the population live under a totalitarian and authoritarian regime for several centuries, yet they are not yet ready to take an active part in society and governance.

- That the process of formation of the social layer of the proprietor still does not end, and the gross domestic product is still at the next place (in GDP per capita in 2018 - $ 7337.56, which occupies the 128th place in the world (ВВП на душу населения по паритету покупательной способности), as well as in the socioeconomic situation, raises the problem of increasing the infrastructure and material and technical resources of information communications.

Nevertheless, over the next two years, Uzbekistan has witnessed intensive development in this area. Development of information communication in Uzbekistan has become not only national, but also a nationwide task. Since in the modern era, the nation considers its own interests and rights as building a civil society.

The annual average rate of development of information and communication technologies (ICT) market in Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 was 12.9%. In this area, the use of innovations to increase the effectiveness of interaction between state bodies and population and entrepreneurs, and the effectiveness of public service delivery on the basis of the widest use of information communications.

It is well known that currently, the world average of 3.5 trillion won for information technology. US dollars are spent. By 2020, large companies are forecasting that 90% of their earnings will be derived based on data obtained by data-as-a-service, as well as information and recommendations developed by analysts and experts. In Uzbekistan the year 2021 at the ICT market growth of 83.5%, including ICT equipment grew by 76.9%, 171.5% [13].

In order to accelerate the development of the ICT sector, the government of Uzbekistan has been actively involved in the development of ICT sector in Uzbekistan, such as LG CNS (Korea), Veon (Netherlands), Telia company (Sweden), Atlas International (Germany), Kurt Mitterfellner GMBH (Germany) Mitter - fellner Asia Ltd (Singapore) and Fingascom AG (Switzerland).

At the moment, «Strategy for Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan» and adopted by Presidential Decrees and Government Resolutions, the following strategic objectives are set in the country in the field of ICT:

- Modernization of telecommunication infrastructure, including the expansion of access to the Internet, including the provision of a full digital system of telephony, television and radio broadcasting;

- Implementation of the state program on introduction of «electronic government»;

- Further increase of the national segment formation in the Internet;

- Introduction of modern information systems, software products and databases in the sphere of public health, social protection of population, education, public services, tourism;

- Implementation of «Smart Meter» and «Intelligent Transport «and «Smart Medicine» (pilot project) projects in Tashkent to create Smart City technologies; - 2020 years, «digital economy», «blokcheyn» technologies, starting from January 1, 2021 implementation of the program «blokcheyn» The introduction of technology and other products.

In summary, the development of information communications in Uzbekistan is seen as a key element of building a civil society. The role of information communications in increasing the socio-political activity, legal and political culture of the country's population is increasing, and the role of human rights and freedoms in this area is also evident. The development of information communications in the media is seen as one of the components of the reform of the civil society and the implementation of administrative reform in the public administration system. Over the past two decades, the field has undergone major changes over several decades.

The list of references

[1] 1Асп Э.К. Введение в социологию. Перевод с финского языка.-СПб:АЛЕТЕЙЯ, 2000.-С. 60-Autopoezis is a «structured structure» that expresses its own «particular state», that is, it is a systematic combination of these components, and these components themselves are the result of them. The range of autopoezis phenomena (incidents) is extensive: the brick plant itself is made of bricks, which is made of brick; organisms (organs and cells) produced as a result of interaction between organs and cells; language is a separate system that lets talk about language, that is, it speaks itself, and also how to speak in the language and how to pronounce words. Such doubts or division functions always repeat and repeat the consistency of their elements. This is also a sociology (as part of society) shaping their own theory about society. Moreover, these theories themselves represent the society because it is a communicative act. Also, the theory of knowledge-driven science is itself a science, and it directly engages in the creation of science.

[2] Луман Н. Л Общество как социальная система. Пер. с нем./ А. Антоновский.-М: Логос. 2004.-С. 84.

[3] The same resource. P.85.

[4] The same resource. P.86.

[5] Discourse - Discoursing [<lot. discursus, think, talk] - reasonable; based on previous discussions (opposite to intuitional).

[6] Канке В.А. История, философия и методология социальных наук.-М., 2014.-С. 109-111.

[7] Ритцер Дж. Современные социологические теории. 5-е изд. СПб.: Питер, 2002.-С. 236.

[8] In the same place. - S.235 - 236.

[9] Канке В.А. История, философия и методология социальных наук.-М., 2014.-С. 121-122

[10] Луман Н. Введение в системную теорию. - М.:Логос, 2007.-С. 92.

[11] Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On Strategy for Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan» / / Collection of Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, issue 6, article 70.

[12] Ниязматов А. 14 августа 2018Узбекистан: Реформы в информационно-коммуникационной сфере //https://regnum.ru/news/economy/2464506.htm l.

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