Influence of indoor temperature distribution on health of elderly in cold climate

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INFLUENCE OF INDOOR TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION ON HEALTH OF ELDERLY IN COLD CLIMATE

Yuto Onuma

HU, Sapporo, Japan

Abstract. I analyze the relationship between indoor temperature environment (low temperature environment etc.) and health condition and disease of elderly in Hokkaido which is winter season snow cold area.

Key words: low temperature environment, crude and adjust odds ratio, p-value.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУР В ПОМЕЩЕНИИ НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ХОЛОДНОГО КЛИМАТА

Юто Онума

Университет Хоккайдо, Саппоро, Япония

Абстракт. Проанализирована взаимосвязь между температурой в помещении (низкотемпературная среда) с состоянием здоровья и болезнями пожилых людей живущих на острове Хоккайдо. Для данной местности в зимний период характерны низкие температуры и обильные снежные осадки.

Ключевые слова: низкотемпературная среда, непроработанное и скорректированное соотношение шансов, р-значение.

diseases older people indoor temperature hokkaido

1. First of all

In recent years, it has been noted that indoor environments such as air environment and indoor thermal environment may affect physical health condition, chronic disease, mental health, etc. in old age. The aging of people in Japan advances, maintaining the health of the elderly is a big issue. Currently it is thought that maintaining the health of elderly people can be seen not only from medical care but also from the viewpoint of architecture. Research on the relationship between indoor thermal environment and disease is increasing, but there are few cases of previous researches dealing with houses in Hokkaido characterized by snowy cold areas in winter, and many population groups are not treated. In this study, we focused on Hokkaido which is cold winter snow, we clarified the relationship between elderly people who are comparatively healthy and the living environment of home.

2. Survey overview

Regarding the temperature and humidity data used, we used 473 samples of elderly people who live in Hokkaido's local cities, Tomamae, Odori, Higashikawa, To- gakkura, Biei, Yoichi, elderly people who do not need long-term care and their houses. As a method of collecting data, a temperature and humidity meter is installed in two places of the living room of the sample housing and the clothes room, the accelerometer is always carried by the examinee, and one of the samples between December and March of each sample Measurement was done in 14 days. At the same time, a questionnaire survey on health status was conducted on subjects, and data on each disease was obtained.

2.3 Indoor thermal environment of population

Figure 1 shows the average temperature histogram of the living room throughout the measurement housing. From Fig. 1, it can be seen that about 20% of the total live below the minimum recommended room temperature of WHO 18 ° C. The average temperature histogram of the dressing room is shown in Fig. From Fig. 2, it is understood that about 50% of the total is below the WHO minimum recommended value, and the temperature is not properly maintained as compared with the living room.

A scatter diagram of the average temperature in the living room and the dressing room is shown in Fig. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the temperature of the undressing room tends to be higher as the temperature of the living room is higher, but even when the temperature of the living room is high, it is understood that there are many houses where the temperature of the undressing room is low. A scatter diagram of the standard deviation of the living room and the undressing room is shown in Fig. From FIG. 4, although there is a gentle correlation, there is a tendency that the temperature unevenness of the undressing room is not as large as in the living room. This is probably due to not heating the undressing room, rather than heating it well. Based on the data of this population, we divided the analysis group in the next chapter.

3. Survey result

3.1 Explanatory and Statistical processing technique

Table 1 lists the covariates to be introduced and the codes that define the codes (the above in each group). L for living room room in Code of Table 1, room temperature for undressing D, and the temperature difference between living room and undressing room as L - D. Logistic regression analysis was performed using each disease as a target variable. The quarter temperature in the covariate is the room temperature when the cumulative frequency reaches 1/4 in the room temperature histogram of the house. The 1/4 temperature was adopted in order to eliminate it because the lowest temperature contains a temporary low temperature condition due to window opening etc. The mean temperature during sleep was the average temperature between 3 and 4 o'clock. With a sense of insomnia, I did not sleep for more than 30 minutes, the group feels pain as a risk, and I regarded the group as a reference. Based on 1981 when the Building Standard Law was revised in terms of years of construction. The significance level was set at p = 0.05, and the odds ratio OR was calculated. Of the odds ratios, COR is the crude odds ratio, AOR is the adjusted odds ratio, and AORa is the adjusted odds ratio for the item of room temperature out of the covariates. AORb is the adjusted odds ratio calculated for all covariates.

Table 1. Explanatory variables and code

3.2 The relation of each disease and indoor environment

3.1.1 The relation of apoplexy and indoor environment

Table 2 shows the analysis results of apoplexy. From Table 2, in apoplexy, the AOR of the living room / undressing room 1/4 temperature, the value in the quasi-cold group comparison is 5.16 in AORb, the value in the cold group comparison is 11.45 in AORa and 15.23 in AORb, respectively, (p <0.05) was confirmed.

Table 2. Apoplexy: analysis result

3.1.2 The relation of heart desease and indoor environment

Table 3 shows the analysis results of heart disease. From Table 3, it was confirmed that in the heart disease, AOR of the living room / undressing room 1/4 temperature, the value in the cold group comparison was 2.99 for AORa and 2.84 for AORb, respectively, and a significant difference (p <0.05) was confirmed. In the same comparison, 1.61 (p <0.10) was also confirmed in COR. In the sleep-time living room / dressing room average temperature, AORa was 2.47 and AORb was 2.97 in the semi-cold group comparison, and 2.09 for AORa and 2.42 for AORb in the cold group comparison, confirming a significant difference (p <0.05) did.

Table 3. Heart desease: analysis result

3.1.3 The relation of musculoskeletal disease and indoor environment

In the Smart Wellness Housing etc. Promotion Study Project ^1} which examines the effect of energy saving such as improvement of heat insulation on the health situation of residents, there is a past study examining the relationship between musculoskeletal and connective tissue and room temperature. In this study, since the odds ratio at the average temperature was not significant, in order to consider the influence of the low temperature environment during sleep, the odds ratio of the average temperature of the previous study and the odds ratio of the sleeping temperature of this study were used We compared odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms in low temperature environment. In comparison with the cold group, the adjusted odds ratios of the average temperature and sleeping temperature were 2.04 and 2.99, respectively, and in the semi-cold group comparison, they were 1.38 and 2.61, respectively. It is an item for which significant differences are confirmed respectively, and it can be said that there is a tendency that items related to sleeping are more influential since sleeping temperature has a higher odds ratio.

4.2 Relation of previous studies and this study about high blood pressure and indoor environment

In the Smart Wellness Housing Promotion Research Project 1), there is a past study examining the relationship between high blood pressure and room temperature. In the past study, we analyzed the average temperature and high blood pressure in the same group as this study, but in the cold group comparison, the adjusted odds ratio is 2.00 times the result. However, in this study, the odds ratio of high blood pressure in the indoor thermal environment was about 1 or less. The influence of the population is a factor that did not give results due to high blood pressure in this study. The sample of the past study is a house in Honshu, the distribution of this study is lower on the low temperature side than that. Therefore, it is considered that the sample on the lower temperature side raises the odds ratio. Therefore, even though the threshold value is based on the same 18 ° C as a reference, it is considered that this study did not appear in the odds ratio in this study where the distribution on the low temperature side is small.

5. Overall

In this study, we conducted regression analysis on the relationship between disease and indoor environment, but confirmed the effect in low temperature environment in many diseases. Therefore, in the health problem, it can be said that the indoor thermal environment that improves the low temperature environment and maintains the recommended temperature is important.

5.2 Future prospects

By considering many criteria for analyzing, such as criteria for grouping in the indoor environment and introduction of other explanatory variables, by reflecting on the data handled this time and the autumnal examinations in the future and the aging analysis in the future, It is expected that there is a possibility of appearing clearly. In addition, it is thought that by analyzing by adding behavior of the sample by the accelerometer, it is possible to obtain results more considering the actual condition of the sample.

References

1) Shuranzo Murakami et al., A smart wellness housing promotion research project report, the Japan Sustainable Building Association 2018.

2) Ukawa Shigeru et al., The relationship between atopic dermatitis and indoor environmental factors: a cross-sectional study among Japanese elementary school children.

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